Objective To detect the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in immunostimulated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to seek for the supplying of the arginine, a substrate for NOS; as well as the effects of produced NO on the tight junction of RPE-J cells. Methods Rat′s RPE-J cells were treated with interferon-?(INF-?), tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Northern and Western blotting were applied to analyze the expression of the citrulline-NO cycle enzymes and related enzymes and the effect of dexamethasone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) on the expression of iNOS. Immunocytochemistry reaction and Western blotting were used to evaluate the effect of produced NO on the tight junctions of RPE-J cells. Results iNOS and argininosuccinate synthetase (AS) were highly induced at both mRNA and protection levels in immunostimulated RPE cells while arginiosuccinate lyase (AL) was not induced. NO was produced by cells after stimulation with TNF?, IFN? and LPS. The induction of iNOS mRNA and the production of NO by these immunostimulated cells was further enhanced by cAMP. NO was produced from citrulline as well as from arginine. And the produced NO impaired the tight junction of RPE-J cells, decreased the production of tight junction related protein ZO-1. Conclusion In activated RPE-J cells, citrulline-arginine recycling is important for NO production, and the produced NO weakened the function of tight junction of RPE-J cells.

Whether three genes [?-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) gene, Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and hemochromatosis gene] can make certain individuals more vulnerable to lead are discussed. Polymorphisms of ALAD gene have been associated with the accumulation and distribution of lead in the blood, bone and internal organs in humans and animals. VDR gene has been implicated in the control of calcitriol levels in serum, which normally regulates calcium absorption and can in turn affect lead levels. Hemochromatosis gene, associated with a disease that leads to excessive iron accumulation, may also influence the absorption of lead.

Objective To investigate the role of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the pathogenesis of Barrett esophagus.Methods Normal human esophageal mucosal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro with defined keratinocyte serum-free media (D-KSFM).The cultured cells were treated with different concentrations of DCA and specific p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. The expression of p38,phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) and caudal-related homeodomain transcription 2 (CDX2) at protein level were assessed by Western blot.The correlation between p-p38 and CDX2 was analyzed.The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and LSD test.Results After being cultured with DCA for 24 h,the expression of p-p38 and CDX2 increased along with the increasing of DCA concentration.Compared with the control group (p-p38 was 13.7％ ± 1.0％ and CDX2 protein was 0),the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).When DCA was at 500 μmol/L,the expression of p-p38 and CDX2 reached the highest level (44.0％ ± 1.7％ and 8.59± 1.25).After pretreated with SB203580 for two hours and then 500 μmol/L DCA was added into cell culture,both expression level of p-p38 and CDX2 decreased compared with 500μmol/L DCA group (p-p38:28.3％ ±2.2％ vs50.5％±9.5％,CDX2:0.94±0.13 vs 2.31±0.41) after 24 h.Conclusions DCA can induce the expression of CDX2 in normal human esophageal mucosal epithelial cells,which is related with the activation of p38.The phosphorylation of p38 maybe involved in the pathogenesis of Barrett esophagus.

Objective To analyze Mycoplasma detection and drug sensitivity test of 3 127 urogenital tract infection women ,and to provides important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods Mycoplasma detection and drug sensitivity of 3 127 uro-genital tract infection women were detected .Results Among 3 127 cases ,1 800 patients were detected Mycoplasma ,and the posi-tivity was 57 .6% .The infection rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) ,Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) and Uu+ Mh mixed infection were 46 .2% ,1 .2% ,10 .1% .Uu was sensitive to minocycline ,doxycycline and clarithromycin .Mh was sensitive to minocycline , doxycycline and josamycin .Uu+ Mh mixed infection was sensitive to minocycline ,doxycycline and josamycin .Conclusion Myco-p lasma infections have been the major pathogen of urogenital tract diseases ,the clinical treatment should be based on drug sensitivity test .

AIM: To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on protein and mRNA expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1? (MIP-1?) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs). METHODS: HUVECs were cultured with AGEs at different concentrations for 24 h and at a concentration of 400 mg/L for different time.The levels of mRNA and protein expression of MIP-1? in cultured HUVEC were detected by in situ hybridization and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: In situ hybridization showed that after exposure of HUVECs to AGEs at different concentrations (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L) for 24 h, the average integrated optical density values (18.76?3.17, 26.58?1.61, 34.23?2.25) of MIP-1? mRNA expression in HUVECs were higher than that in control group (13.83?1.24, P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapentic value of ERCP for choledocholithiasis.Methods ERCT and EST in 142 cases with suspected choledoholithiasis were performed for treating choledocholithiasis.All the imaging data were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 142 cases,128 cases were choledocholithiasis,3 cases were suspected choledocholithiasis,6 cases were normal and 5 cases were miss-diagnosis.The diagnostic accuracy of ERCT was 90.1%(128/142).EST were successful in 129 cases,and 4 cases were failure,the successful rate was 96.9%.Conclusion ERCT is of important value in diaguosing choledocholithiasis and EST is safe and reliable for treating choledocholithiasis.

Objective To develop the knowledge-attitude-practice scale for evaluating intra-abdominal pressure measurement in ICU nurses and assess its reliability and validity preliminary. Methods Applied the methods of literature review and Delphi expert consultation to form the knowledge-attitude-practice scale for evaluating intra-abdominal pressure measurement in ICU nurses on the basis of the knowledge-attitude-practice framework. A total of 165 nurses from ICU department were finally involved. Items analysis, exploratory factor analysis, content validity, internal consistency test and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the scale. Results Factor analysis revealed five factors (23 items), accounting for 52.5%of the total variance. The Cronbach αcoefficient was 0.869 for the total scale and 0.612, 0.749 and 0.848 for the subscales of knowledge, attitude and practice. The split-half coefficient was 0.784. Conclusions The knowledge-attitude-practice scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used to assess the intra-abdominal pressure measurement in ICU nurses.

Objective To evaluate the value of the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and P-POSSUM in predicting the risks of orthopedic surgeries for senile patients with femoral neck fracture.Methods A total of 108 patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent hip joint replacement were retrospectively studied using POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring system to predict their mortality and complication rate.The difference between predictive value and observed value was analyzed by chi-square test.Meanwhile,the patients were divided into two groups based on their POSSUM scores.The differences between two groups were analyzed.Results According to POSSUM scores,47 patients were predicted to have complications(the mean rate was 43.52％),but only 37 did actually (the rate was 34.26％).There was no significant difference between predicted values and observed values (P =0.238).The predicted death toll was 11 cases (the mean rate was 10.19％),but actually only 2 patients died (the rate was 1.85％).Predicted value was higher than observed value.In terms of complications,death toll agreed well with the predicted values calculated by P-POSSUM (predicted death of 4 cases' the mean mortality being 3.70％ ; actual death of 2 cases' the mortality was 1.85％) without significant difference (P =0.625).We divided the patients into two groups with the POSSUM scores 40,and there was no significant difference between predicted values and observed values (P =0.527,P =0.285).Conclusions POSSUM has better predictive ability of morbidity,but overestimates mortality.P-POSSUM more accurately predicts mortality than POSSUM.The predicted results of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring systems are satisfactory in the high risk group.

This article was aimed to study the immunomodulatory effect of ethanol sediments of the seeds of Descurainia sophia(L.) Webb. ex Prantl. both in vitro and in vivo. The lymphocyte proliferation test in vitro was carried out to explore the effect of the ethanol sediments on the proliferation of T cell and B cell in the spleen of normal mice. And, the carbon clearance test, serum hemolysin test, and delayed-type hypersensitivity test were used to investigate the influence of fraction on non-specific immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity in the immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Besides, the immunosuppressive model was used to evaluate the effect of fraction on immune organs and content of cellular factors in blood serum. The results showed that the ethanol sediments promoted Concanavalin A (Con A) induced T cell and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced B cell (P < 0.01). It increased the carbon clearance index K, phagocytic index α, half value hemolysis (HC50), and swelling degree of auricula (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It reduced the body weight and atrophy of thymus and spleen index (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It increased the contents of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum in immunosuppressive mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It was concluded that ethanol sediments of the seeds of D. sophia(L.) Webb. ex Prantl. can boost the lymphocyte proliferation, protect the immune organs, and enhance the non-specific and specific immunity in immunosuppressive mice, which indicated that it had immune-promotion effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of alpha lipoic acid on patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR),explore the possible mechanisms,and provide experimental evidence for the treatment of DR with lipoic acid.Methods Totally 75 DR patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.Patients in control group received the standard hypoglycemic treatment,antihypertensive therapy,and other comprehensive treatment.Patients from the treatment group were treated with alpha lipoic acid 600 mg + 250 ml 0.9％ sodium chloride injection additionally,avoiding light intravenous therapy,for a total of 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,fundus fluorescein angiography and visual inspection were detected in two groups.In addition,serum level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were detected with high performance liquid chromatography,serum lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected to reflect the in vivo oxidative stress before and after treatment in two groups.Results Compared to the control group,visual acuity was improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and total efficiency of ocular lesions-improved was increased significantly (84.21％ vs 40.54％,x2 =15.28,P ＜ 0.01).Serum levels of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase ADMA [(0.32 ±0.13) μmol/L vs (0.51 ± 0.26) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] and MDA [(3.22 ± 0.90) nmol/L vs (5.13 ± 0.42) nmol/ml,P ＜ 0.05] were significantly decreased,while SOD levels [(72.68 ± 1.31) U/ml vs (53.16 ± 1.54) U/ml,P ＜0.05] were significantly increased in DR patients after alpha lipoic acid treatment.Conclusions Alpha lipoic acid had some therapeutic effects for DR patients,which mainly lied in the improvement of visual acuity and eye disease,might be related to the decrease of oxidative stress and serum level of endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor ADMA.