Objective To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) on learning and memory and on the neuron and synapse ultrastructures of the CA3 region of the hippocampus.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =l0 in each group):a normal control group,a depression group,an rTMS group and a sham group.Unpredictable mild stress was used to establish depression models in the rats of the latter3 groups.The sucrose water consumption test and open-field test were used to evaluate any depressive behavior of each group.The rTMS group rats were given 15 Hz rTMS for 21 days while the sham group received sham stimulation.The orientational navigation and spatial probe tests were performed on each group using a Morris water maze to evaluate their learning and memory abilities.In addition,changes in the ultrastructure of the CA3 region of the hippocampus were detected using transmission electron microscopy.Results The modelling induced significant differences in the sucrose water consumption test results and in horizontal and vertical behavior in the open-field tests.Escape latency and spatial probe time were significantly different between the rTMS group and the sham and depression groups.There was no significant difference in the behavioral indexes between the depression group and the sham group.Electron microscopy showed pathological changes in the ultrastructures of the neurons and synapses in the CA3 region of the hippocampus among the depression group,while in the rTMS group those ultrastructures tended to be basically normal.Conclusion rTMS can improve learning and memory during depression,at least in rats.A possible mechanism is that rTMS can induce changes in the ultrastructures of neurons and synapses in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.

Objective To evaluate the effects of robot-assisted gait training on the lower limb motor functions of in hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Forty stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were treated with routine rehabilitation therapies for 60 min daily in 6 weeks.The patients in the treatment group were given robot-assisted gait training for 30 min daily for 6 weeks.The lower limb part of Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) , the Ueda Satoshi standardized hemiplegic function scale and the functional ambulation categories (FAC) were used to evaluate the lower limb motor function before and after the sixweeks of therapies.Results There were no significant difference between the two groups before treatment with regard to all the three assessment measurements.After 6 weeks of treatment, both groups significantly improved in terms of the scores with FMA, the grade of Ueda Satoshi standardized hemiplegic function scale and the FAC (P ＜0.05).But the treatment group had significantly greater improvement than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The robot-assisted gait training can supplement the routine rehabilitation therapies in improving lower limb motor function in stroke patients.

AIM:To improve accuracy of the diagnosis of primary conjunctival masses(PCM) through analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and pathogenic causes of 422 cases of PCM.METHODS:Clinical manifestations, histological characteristics and immunopheno types were reviewed.Relevant literatures were reviewed.RESULTS:Benign conjunctival masses were 403 cases (95.5%).Those included masses from squamous cell papilloma (71 cases, 17.6%), conjunctival cyst (68 cases, 16.9%), inflammatory masses (62 cases, 15.4%), pigmented nevus (60 cases, 14.9%), lipoma (58 cases, 14.4%).Malignant conjunctival neoplasms were 19 cases (4.5%).Those included tumors from B Cell Lymphoma (6 cases,31.6%), melanoma (6 cases,31.6%), and squamous cell carcinoma (5 cases, 26.3%).Different types of primary conjunctival masses were induced by the same cause.CONCLUSION:The pathological types of primary conjunctival masses are various and the majority of which is benign.For the diagnosis of primary conjunctival masses, morphological analysis, immunohistochemical examination shoud be combined to increase the diagnostic accuracy and decrease misdiagnosis rate.

Objective To study the influence of Apo E gene knockout on the lymphocytes . Methods Cells from the peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow of Apo E knockout and wildtype mice were stained with kinds of antibodies , and analyzed by flow cytometry .Results Compared with wildtype mice , significant differences were found in B and T lymphoctes in the peripheral blood and spleen , but there was no significant difference in pre B cells , T lymphocytes in the thymus and long term hematopoietic stem cell in the Apo E knockout mice .Conclusion Numbers of B lymphocytes decreased in the peripheral blood and spleen , but there was no significant difference in B , T lymphocytes development , and numbers of long term hematopoietic stem cell in Apo E gene knockout mice .

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To evaluate the clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism array ( SNP array) in prenatal diagnosis for screening the abnormality of women with Down’ s syndrome ( DS) .METHODS:The amniotic fluid samples ( n=312) collected by amniocentesis for the DS screening abnormality women were tested by karyotyping and SNP array analysis, respectively.The findings of karyotyping and SNP array analysis were compared.RESULTS:Two cases of trisomy 21 were identified by karyotyping and SNP array analysis, but SNP array analysis failed to identify 6 cases of chro-mosome balanced structural rearrangement.SNP detected 176 cases copy number variants ( CNVs) in 303 cases normal karyotype were detected by SNP, including 106 benign CNVs, 61 variants of unknown significance (VOUS), 9 de novo CNVs, and none of them was pathogenic.The distribution difference of CNVs in DS screening positive group and DS screening positive plus advanced maternal age group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) .Furthermore, we reported 14 kinds of CNVs for the first time in population.CONCLUSION:SNP array can further assure chromosome microdupli-cation/microdeletion.In normal karyotype fetus of prenatal diagnosis, SNP can detect some clinical significant CNVs.

Objective To investigate the in vivo effect of silenced actin-associated protein Transgelin on the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma xenograft in nude mice.Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 were transfected with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) eukaryotic expression vector targeting Transgelin gene.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze Transgelin expression after transfection.24 animal models were randomly divided into three groups with 8 in each:Experimental group (transplanted BxPC3/Transgelin shRNA),negative control group (transplanted BxPC3/Neo) and untreated group (transplanted BxPC3).Tumor size was measured weekly.All mice were sacrificed after 28 days.Tumor volume was calculated,inhibitory effect was analyzed.Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections for Transgelin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins were performed.Results Tumors varied in sizes among 3 groups (all P ＜ 0.05).On day 21 and 28 tumor was significantly smaller in experimental group than those in control groups.Tumor weighed(0.74 ±0.21) g in experimental group,lower than that in negative control group(1.42 ± 0.28) g and untreated group(1.59 ± 0.24) g (all P ＜ 0.05).The inhibitory effect was 53.5％ in experimental group.The PCNA index was significantly lower in experimental group than those in control groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Deletion of Transgelin gene can significantly inhibit the proliferation and tumor growth of BxPC3 cells in nude mice.

Objective To investigate the influence of Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa on the Hematopoietic stem cells proliferation and function .Methods Cells from the peripheral blood , spleen and bone marrow of mice were stained with indicated antibodies , and analyzed by flow cytometry .Mice were divided 3 groups:control group, Siraitia Grosvenori treatment group and Rehmannia Glutinosa treatment group .After 4.5Gy IR treatment, mice divided 4 groups: control group, 4.5Gy IR treatment and feed with normal food, 4.5Gy IR treatment and feed with Siraitia Grosvenori and 4.5Gy IR treatment and feed with Rehmannia Glutinosa for 1 month.Results Mice fed with Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa decreased the percentage of B cells and increased the percentage of M cell .For HSCs, the number of HSCs was increased , especially the number of LT-HSCs.After 4.5Gy IR treatment, mice fed with Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa increase the number of HSCs , and increased the percentage of M cells . Conclusion Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa promote the hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells proliferation and function and recover the damage that caused by IR treatment .

Objective To study the clinical value of bedside ultrasound in predicting the fluid responsiveness in pa?tients with septic shock in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Forty-two mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock who admitted to ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from January 2015 to April 2015 were included in this study. All patients were treated with volume expansion (VE) text. Hemodynamics in?dexes were obtained by ultrasound before and after each test, including stroke volume (SV), aortic peak blood flow velocity variation rate of breathing (△VpeakAO), inferior vena cava expansion index (△IVC) and brachial artery maximum speed vari?ation rate (△VpeakBA). Clinical data and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded. Based on the responsiveness of SV, patients were divided into responsive group (R) and non-responsive group (NR), respectively. The differences of the above in?dexes were compared between two groups. The correlation of△IVC,△VpeakAO,△VpeakBA and△SV was determined. The role of the hemodynamic index for predicting volume responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic ROC curves. Results A total of 47 VE tests were performed in 42 patients, 25 in R group and 22 in NR group. Before VE test, the hemodynamics indicators of△IVC,△VpeakAO and△VpeakBA were significantly higher in R group compared with those of NR group (P<0.05). The values of△IVC,△VpeakAO and△VpeakBA were positively correlated with△SV in two groups. The areas under the ROC curve of the hemodynamics indicators were 0.825, 0.853 and 0.866 for △IVC, △VpeakAO and△VpeakBA, and they all showed high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion The hemodynamic index measured by bedside ultrasound can predict the volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock fluid therapy, and which can be used to fluid therapy with a high degree of specific and sensitivity in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the ultrasound evaluation on lfuid responsiveness in patients with septic shock. Methods: There 42 septic shock patients treated by mechanical ventilation in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2015-04 were studied. All patients received volume expansion (VE) text, ultrasound examination was conducted to measure hemodynamic parameters of inferior vena cava variation rate of breathing (ΔIVC), aortic peak blood lfow velocity variation rate of breathing (ΔVpeakAO), brachial artery maximum speed variation rate (ΔVpeakBA) and stroke volume (ΔSV) at before and after text. Based on the response to VE text, the patients were divided into 2 groups as Responsive group and Non-responsive group, the above indexes and their correlations to ΔSV were analyzed. The clinical values of those parameters for predicting volume responsiveness were evaluated by ROC curves. Results: A total of 47 VE tests were conducted in 42 patients including 25 cases in Responsive group and 22 cases in Non-responsive group. Before VE test, the parameters of ΔIVC, ΔVpeakAO and ΔVpeakBA were higher in Responsive group than Non-responsive group; ΔIVC, ΔVpeakAO and ΔVpeakBA were obviously related to ΔSV (r=0.631, 0.668 and 0.619). The area of ΔIVC, ΔVpeakAO and ΔVpeakBA under ROC curves were 0.817, 0.853 and 0.866 respectively, they were all with the high sensitivity and speciifcity. Conclusion: Ultrasound monitored hemodynamic parameters may predict the volume responsiveness in septic shock patients with mechanical ventilation, it could be used for guiding liquid treatment in relevant patients.

Objective To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on behaviors and hippocampus neuronal apoptosis in rats with chronic stress-induced depression.Methods 40 male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into normol control group (n =8) and model preparation group (n =30) after screening.Rats in model preparation group were singly housed and given chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) to build depression model.Excluding unsuccessful modeling rats,the model preparation group was divided into three groups:model group(n=8,without any treatment),rTMS group (n=8,with the intervention of 10 Hz rTMS) and shame group (n=8,simulation of rTMS environment without rTMS stimulus).The changes of behaviors in each group were detected by weight measurement,sucrose consumption test and open-field test.The changes of morphology of hippocampal neurons were detected by Nissl's staining.The changes of Bax in hippocampal neuron were detected by Immunohistochemical staining.Results (1) Behavioral results showed stress for 21 d could make rat behavior scores decrease significantly(all P＜0.05),and rTMS intervention could significantly improve their behavior scores (all P＜0.01).Compared with model group,the weight reduction rate (0.32±0.05)％,the score of sucrose consumption test(7.03 ± 1.02) and the score of open field test(8212.41 ± 1416.15,8.75 ± 1.58) in rTMS group was higher(P ＜0.01).(2) Nissl staining showed stress for 21 d could make the number of hippocampal CA3 neurons was reduced,cell morphology was poor,and the number of Nissl bodies was reduced.rTMS intervention could increase the number of hippocampal CA3 neurons,cell morphology was integral and the number of Nissl bodies was increased.(3) Immunohistochemistry results showed stress for 21 d could cause the number of Bax cell were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and rTMS intervention can make the number of Bax cell were significantly lower(P＜0.01).Conclusion rTMS intervention improves the depressive behavior in chronic stress depression model rats and inhibits the apoptosis,which might work through inhibition of neuron apoptosis and decline of Bax expression in hippoeampal neurons.