OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel shisanwei ingredients pill on AC-cAMP-PKA signal transduction pathways in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of depressive rats.

METHODSixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups according to the sugar consumption test (10 rats in each group), normal control group,model group,fluoxetine group (3.3 mg x kg(-1)) and low dose, medium dose and high dose group (0.25, 0.5, 1 g x kg(-1)) of Betel shisanwei ingredients pill. Except the normal control,the other groups were treated with the chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation combined with lonely raising for 28 days. 10 mL x kg(-1) of drugs were given to each rat once daily,continuously for 28 days. The AC activity of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined by radiation immunity analysis (RIA), while cAMP and PKA quantity were determinated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA).

RESULTThe AC activity, cAMP and PKA quantity of hippocampus and prefrontal of mouse model of Chronic stress depression decreased significantly than those of control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, the AC activity, cAMP and PKA quantity of rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the fluoxetine group and the Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel shisanwei ingredients pill group indecreased significantly than those of model group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Especially for the high dose group of Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel shisanwei ingredients pill.

CONCLUSIONThe AC-cAMP-PKA signal transduction pathways in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of depression model of rats is down-regulated, whereas Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel shisanwei ingredients pill could up-regulated it to resist depression.

Adenylyl Cyclases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Depression ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Prefrontal Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To present the initial experience and results of laparoscopic transvaginal radical cystectomy (LATRC) with orthotopic ileal neobladder. Methods Six female patients with muscle invasive bladder carcinoma underwent LATRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder. The mean age was 61 years (range 55 to 73 years) . The LATRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder consisted of 4 major steps, namely laparoscopic cystectomy, operation on vagina, extracorporeal formation of ileal pouch and laparoscopic urethral pouch anastomosis. With 5 trocars, the bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed first The ureters were dissected just outside the bladder. Assisted by the uterine manipulator and the LigaSure system, total bladder, uterus and appendage were dissected by the laparoscopic approach. In the transvaginal step, the specimen was removed through the incision of the anterior and posterior vaginal fornix apex and the neovagina was created by the visualized suture. A 30-40 cm ileal loop was taken from the abdominal cavity, isolated, de-tubularized and reconfigured into W shaped pouch with running suture. The anti-refluxing ureter implantation was performed by inserting the 1 cm ureter into the pouch and suturing in place. The urethra neobaldder anastomosis was done under the laparoscope. Results The mean duration of surgery was 6.2 h(range from 4 to 8 h). The estimated blood loss was 665 ml (range from 400 to 1200 ml). All patients achieved urine control and had neither obstruction nor reflux proved by the intravenous pyelography 1-3 months after surgery. The mean value of neobladdermaximum capacity was 427 ml. No vesicovaginal fistula or other serious complication occurred The mean follow-up was 16 months (9-30 months). During the follow-up, there was no mortality. One patient with lymph node involvement developed liver metastasis 8 months post-operatively. Conclusions The LATRC is feasible and effective for the female patients with invasive bladder cancer. Using uterine manipulator and the transvaginal procedure makes the laparoscopic manipulation easier and simpler. The visualized incision and suture on vagina is good for recovery and reducing postoperative vesicovaginal fistula.

Objective:To understand the incidence and clinical characteristics of dopamine agonist(DA) therapy-related impulse control disorders(ICDs) in prolactinoma patients.Methods:Outpatients diagnosed with prolactinoma from the Department of Endocrinology in Huashan Hospital from December 2019 to June 2020 were consecutively included and clinical data were collected. Impulse control disorders were screened with Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson′s Disease(QUIP). Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11(BIS-11) was used to evaluate personality construct of impulsiveness from three sub-factors . Health related quality of life was evaluated by the MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36).Results:Among the 111 cases included, 40 were male and 53 were female, with an average age of(34.74±9.05) years and an average disease duration of(66.69±50.70) months. The initial prolactin level was 147.25(89.97, 470) ng/mL and the percentage of macroadenoma was 46.8%. Ninety cases received DA while 21 cases didn′t. According to the QUIP, any ICD was screened positive in 22 cases(24.7%) in the DA group and 3 cases(14.3%) in the untreated group. The attention impulsiveness scores of BIS-11 in the DA group were higher than the untreated group(23.32±3.67 vs 21.71±2.55, P=0.022). Among the ICDs positive cases in the DA group, the most common disorders were pathological gambling(40.6%) and hypersexuality(40.6%). Compared with the negative group, the non-planning impulsiveness scores of BIS-11 in the positive group were higher, while the scores of social function(69.32±24.62 vs 83.08±17.11, P=0.021), role emotional(50.00±45.72 vs 71.10±40.68, P=0.043) and mental health(55.27±22.75 vs 64.59±17.53, P=0.048) in SF-36 scale were lower in the positive group. Besides, the percentage of male(68.2% vs 38.2%, P=0.014) and initial prolactin level[470.00(130.00, 3 770.00) vs 140.29(79.50, 465.59) ng/mL, P=0.028] in the positive group were higher. Male was an independent risk factor of the presence of ICDs( OR=3.46, 95% CI 1.24-9.61, P=0.017). No significant difference was found in the type of drugs, duration, maximal or cumulative dose of treatment with DA between the two groups. Conclusion:Impulse control disorders may occur in prolactinoma patients receiving DA treatment and affect the quality of life. Endocrinologists should screen impulse control disorders in this patient set.

Objective: To study the effects of seawater immersion on the inflammatory response and oxygen free radical injury of rats with superficial-thickness scald at early stage. Methods: Seventy Wistar rats were divided into healthy control group (HC, n=7), pure scald group (PS, n=21), scald+ fresh water immersion group (SF, n=21), and scald+ seawater immersion group (SS, n=21) according to the random number table. Rats in group HC did not receive any treatment, while 5% total body surface area superficial partial-thickness scald was made on the back of rats in the latter three groups. Rats in group PS lived freely immediately post burn, while wounds on the back of rats in groups SF and SS were immersed into fresh water and seawater, respectively. Serum and full-thickness skin tissue in the center of wounds on the back of 7 rats in groups PS, SF, and SS at post immersion (injury) hour (PIH) 2, 4, and 6 were collected, respectively, while serum and full-thickness skin tissue at the same position of the 7 rats in group HC were collected at PIH 6 of rats in other groups. Morphology of skin tissue was observed with HE staining; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) content in serum and skin tissue was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in serum and skin tissue was determined by hydroxylamine method; malondialdehyde content in serum and skin tissue was determined by thiobarbituric acid method. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design, one-way analysis of variance, Welch test, LSD test, and Tamhane test. Results: (1) Epidermal cells of skin tissue of rats in group HC arranged in order and continuously, and the dermis tissue and accessory structures were clear and complete. The skin layer and epidermis of wounds of rats in group PS had no significant change, but the edema of epidermis and dermis and infiltration of inflammatory cells enhanced over time at PIH 2, 4, and 6. The horny layer of epidermis of wounds of rats in group SF reduced, and the edema of epidermis and dermis and infiltration of inflammatory cells enhanced over time at PIH 2, 4, and 6; some epidermal cells disintegrated at PIH 6. The horny layer of epidermis of wounds of rats in group SS significantly reduced, along with the increase in disintegration of epidermal cells, the significant enhancement of edema of epidermis and dermis, and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells over time at PIH 2, 4, and 6. (2) Compared with (247±27) pg/mL in group HC, the serum content of TNF-α of rats in group PS significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 [respectively (675±122) and (367±54) pg/mL, P<0.05 or P<0.01] but significantly decreased at PIH 6 [(147±27) pg/mL, P<0.01]; the serum content of TNF-α of rats in group SF significantly decreased at PIH 6 [(90±24) pg/mL, P<0.01]; the serum content of TNF-α of rats in group SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 [respectively (1 646±58), (2 086±114), and (2 951±58) pg/mL, with P values below 0.01]. Compared with (364±123) U/mL in group HC, the serum content of SOD of rats in group PS significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 [respectively (489±13) and (447±14) U/mL, with P values below 0.05]; the serum content of SOD of rats in group SF significantly decreased at PIH 6 [(282±13) U/mL, P<0.05]; the serum content of SOD of rats in group SS significantly increased at PIH 2 [(461±23) U/mL, P<0.05] but significantly decreased at PIH 4 and 6 [respectively (226±8) and (205±10) U/mL, with P values below 0.01]. Compared with that in group HC, the serum content of malondialdehyde of rats in groups PS, SF, and SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (with P values below 0.01). (3) Compared with that in group HC, the TNF-α content in wound tissue of rats in groups PS and SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the TNF-α content in wound tissue of rats in group SF significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 (with P values below 0.01). Compared with that in group HC, the SOD content in wound tissue of rats in groups PS and SF significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the SOD content in wound tissue of rats in group SS significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 (with P values below 0.01). Compared with that in group HC, the malondialdehyde content in wound tissue of rats in groups PS, SF, and SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (with P values below 0.01). Conclusions Seawater immersion can enhance the inflammatory response and oxygen free radical injury of wounds and the whole body of rats with superficial partial-thickness scald at early stage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors influencing the long-term survival of pancreatic carcinoma patients after radical resection.

METHODSThe data of 184 pancreatic carcinoma patients with radical resection were analyzed retrospectively. Analysis of the prognostic factors influencing the long-term survival was performed using Cox proportional hazard regression model.

RESULTSThe overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates in this group were 61.7%, 29.0% and 14.3%, respectively. They were 78.0%, 38.4% and 25.7%, respectively, for the patients with a tumor < 3 cm in diameter, significantly better than those with a tumor >or= 3 cm (52.8%, 22.7% and 7.2%, respectively, P < 0.05). Moreover, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 67.6%, 30.5% and 17.4%, respectively, in the patients without lymph node involvement, much longer than that in those with lymph node metastasis (37.1%, 20.6% and 0, respectively, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the tumor size (P < 0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01) significantly influenced the long-term survival of the patients.

CONCLUSIONTumor size and lymph node metastasis are significant factors influencing the long-term survival of pancreatic carcinoma patients with radical resection. Therefore, early diagnosis and radical resection are the key points to improve treatment outcome.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

Objective To report initial experience and the indications of retroperitoneal laparoscop- ic partial nephrectomy.Methods From December 2001 to October 2005,23 patients (including 14 cases of renal cell carcinoma,5 of hamartoma and 4 of duplex kidney) underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic par- tial nephrectomy.One of the patients had solitary kidney.Results All the operations were successful ex- cept for only 1 requiring conversion to laparoscopic nephrectomy because of bleeding resulting from blocking anterior branch of renal artery.The mean operative time was 121 min (60-240 min),and mean ischemic time was 32 min (20-55 min).The estimated bleeding volume ranged from 100 ml to 300 ml,and no pa- tient needed blood transfusion.Pathology showed negative surgical margins in 14 cases of renal cell carcinoma and confirmed the diagnosis of hamartoma in 5 cases.One patient with duplex kidney required open partial nephrectomy because of renal cystic mass resulting from incomplete resection.Conclusions Retroperito- neal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy offers a new effective and minimally invasive treatment for selected pa- tients with renal mass.The long-term effects of the procedure need further investigation.

Objective To characterize the biological characteristics of natural vectors of Yesinia (Y.) pestis in China.Methods Species and genera of natural vectors of Y.pestis in China and their faunal distribution were characterized with modem insect taxonomic techniques.The ecological roles of natural vectors of Y.pestis in natural plague foci were determined according to insect ecological experiments.Results There were 63 species of natural vectors of Y.pestis including 28 major reservoirs and 35 secondary ones.Conclusion The biology characteristics of major vectors on Y.pestis and their roles in natural plague foci were defined.

AIMTo investigate the rates of prostate cancer (PCa) in radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) specimens for bladder cancer in mainland China. To determine the follow-up outcome of patients with two concurrent cancers and identify whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful tool for the detection of PCa prior to surgery.

METHODSFrom January 2002 to January 2007, 264 male patients with bladder cancer underwent RCP at our center. All patients underwent digital rectal examination (DRE) and B ultrasound. Serum PSA levels were tested in 168 patients. None of the patients had any evidence of PCa before RCP. Entire prostates were embedded and sectioned at 5 mm intervals.

RESULTSIncidental PCa was observed in 37 of 264 (14.0%) RCP specimens. Of these, 12 (32.4%) were clinically significant according to an accepted definition. The PSA levels were not significantly different between patients with PCa and those without PCa, nor between patients with significant PCa and those with insignificant PCa. Thirty-four patients with incidental PCa were followed up. During a mean follow-up period of 26 months, two patients with PSA > 4 ng/mL underwent castration. None of the patients died of PCa.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of PCa in RCP specimens in mainland China is lower than that in most developed countries. PSA cannot identify asymptomatic PCa prior to RCP. In line with published reports, incidental PCa does not impact the prognosis of bladder cancer patients undergoing RCP.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Cystectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incidental Findings ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study advantages or disadvantages of total cystectomy and W shape orthotopic ileal neobladder.

METHODSRadical cystectomy and ileal new bladder was performed antegradly and retrogradly for 120 male patients. For the construction of the reservoir, the 40 cm ileal segment was isolated along its antimesenteric border and then arranged into a W shape. The incised ileum was sutured blanketly to create urine bag. The ureters were replanted at the two corners of the W shape by way of creating nipple.

RESULTSThe first 50 cases took 210-300 min with a mean of 270 min. The later 70 cases took 110-205 min with a mean of 143 min. Ninety-one of 120 cases had been followed up for 2-88 months with a mean of 30 months. Eighty-five cases had achieved excellent daytime continence, whereas 71 cases had nighttime continence. There were 9 cases of hydroureter and 2 cases of moderate hydronephrosis. Renal function of 2 cases were slightly abnormal. Hypokalemia occurred in 6 cases, and there was no metabolic-disorder. On voiding cystography, only 1 case showed reflux in right ureter. Only 2 case suffered from cancer recurrence of urethral and no patient suffered from cancer recurrence of neobladder. Twenty patients were evaluated by urodynamic examine. The urine flow curve showed continual shape in 12 cases, while intermittent shape in 8 cases. Voiding cystourethrography showed the neobladder outlet presented funnel shape and open well in continual group, while lack of funnel shape or bladder neck opened badly in intermittent group.

CONCLUSIONThe modified total cystectomy and ileal new bladder are effective and reliable treatment for patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery ; Urinary Diversion ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of HCMV infection on phenotypes of parotid duct epithelial cells and relative mechanisms.

METHODSThe expressions of immediate early antigen of HCMV, pan cytokeratin and cathepsin D etc. were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tissues of parotid cytomegalic inclusion disease.

RESULTSCytokeratin which acts as an epithelial marker became negative while staining of Cathepsin D was intensified in parotid duct epithelial cells after infected by HCMV.

CONCLUSIONIt demonstrated that cytokeratin was lost through over-expression of Cathepsin D in parotid duct epithelial cells infected by HCMV.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Cathepsin D ; analysis ; Cytomegalovirus ; immunology ; physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Desmin ; analysis ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Keratins ; analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Salivary Ducts ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Vimentin ; analysis