OBJECTIVE To observe bacterial distribution in urinary infection and trend of drug resistance in Shangdong Province.METHODS The patients with urinary infection monitored by Shandong Provincial Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System from Aug 2001 to Jul 2005 were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS Among 933 isolates,524 strains(56.16%) were Gram-negative bacilli,214(22.94%) were Gram-positive cocci and 195(20.90%) fungi.The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli(311),Candida albicans(74),and Enterococcus spp(62).Most of them were multidrug resistant.Most strains of Gram-negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,while most strains of Gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Resistance detection of bacteria periodically has an important significance to clinical treatment with drugs.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of ambroxol on efficacy and lung function of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 200 patients with COPD were selected.They were divided into two groups randomly.The high dose group (102 cases) were given anmbroxol hydrochloride in high doses.The low dose group (98 cases) were given anmbroxol hydrochloride in low doses.The effect of different doses of ambroxol on efficacy and lung function of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was evaluated by the efficacy,TNF-α,CRP,pulmonary function indexes and adverse reaction during treatment.Results The effective rate was 89.2％ in the high dose group and 75.5％ in the low dose group.The effective rate of high dose group was higher than that of the low dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistical significance on CRP and TNF-α between two groups.After treatment,the CRP and TNF-α were decreased in two groups and lower in the high dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistical significance on FVC,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC％ between two groups.After treatment,FVC,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were increased and higher in the high dose group (P ＜ 0.05).During treatment,there were no statistical significance on adverse reaction between two groups.Conclusion High dose of ambroxol was effective and safe for COPD.It could reduce inflammation and improve pulmonary ventilation with clinical use.

Quantitative determination of polysaccharides in Pine cones by phenol-sulfuric acid mehod was studied. and the effects of concentration of phenol-sulfuric acid and reaction temperature on color formation were investigated. It was found that the absorbance is linearly correlated to polysaceharide concentrations between 10～78?g/ml (r=0.9999). The analytical recovery was 99.8%, CV% was 1.2% and the minimal detectable concentration was 5?g/ml.

Objective: To investigate the function and mechanism of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) in cell-matrix adhesion in colorectal cancer. Methods: Highly metastatic colorectal cancer cell line LoVo and lowly metastatic colorectal cancer cell line SW480 were subjected to cell-matrix adhesion assay. U73122 (a specific inhibitor of PLC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (an inhibitor of NF-κB) were used to study the effect of PLCγ1 and NF-κB on cell-matrix adhesion. Furthermore, Western blot and gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed to detect the mechanism of PLCγ1 in colorectal cancer cell adhesion to matrix. Results: Inhibition of PLCγ1 or NF-κB resulted in reduction of cell-matrix adhesion in a dose-dependent manner in LoVo cells(P<0.05), but had no marked effect on SW480 cells. Western blot analysis showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated the phosphorylation of PLCγ1 in LoVo. The results of EMSA indicated that inhibition of PLCγ1 signaling pathway also down-regulated the activity of NF-κB while EGF reversed the function. Conclusion:These data suggest that PLCγ1 plays a pivotal role in the EGF-induced cell-matrix adhesion of highly metastatic colorectal cancer cells and that NF-κB is also functional in this signaling pathway.

To investigate the effects of a formula of components from Shengmai Powder, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in rats after thermal injury.

Objective To investigate the function of acid pocket in reflux esophagitis. Methods The 15 healthy controls and 24 reflux esophagitis patients were identified by reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) and gastric endoscopy. The location of subjects' lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was determined by 4 channel esophageal manometry system. Then a single-channel pH electrode was positioned 1 cm below the distal border of the LES to monitor fasting pH for half an hour. After a standard meal, the pH was continuously measured for two hours. Then the electrode was moved to 5 cm above the proximal border of the LES to monitor the dynamic pH for 24 h.Results Acid pocket was found in 16 cases of reflux esophagitis patients(66.67%) and 10 cases of healthy individuals (10/15). Acid pocket occurred earlier in reflux esophagitis group than healthy controls [11.00(4.25-17.00) min vs 30.00(15.50-54.25) min, P＜0.05], and the average pH value was lower [1.84(1.59-2. 19) vs 2.32 (1.96-2.71), P＜0.05]. There was no statistic difference in mean pH value of gastroesophageal junction and the duration of acid pocket before the meal.Conclusion There is abnormal acid reflux in reflux esophagitis patients, and acid pocket with earlier occurrence and lower pH value may relevant to esophageal mucosal impairment.

Objective To observe the proliferation and phenotype-switching of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) induced by hypoxia and interfered by Ad-PKGIα. And to investigate the potential regulative role of PKGIα gene in the molecule mechanism of hypoxia pulmonary vessel remodeling (HPVR). Methods To establish the pure PASMC cultured by tissue-sticking methods. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to examine the PKGIα mRNA and protein expression after PASMC were transfected by Ad-PKG. The mRNA and protein expressive change of smooth muscle α actin(SM-α-actin) determined the degree of cell phenotype-switching. The changes of PASMC proliferation were determined by flow cytometry and ~3H-TdR incorporated way. Results Ad-PKGIα could transfect into PASMC and highly express. Hypoxia down-regulated the expression of SM-α-actin protein (44. 25±5.34 in normoxia, 32. 18±4. 19 in 12 h hypoxia condition, 21.90 ±2. 44 in 24 h hypoxia condition, P < 0. 05), that could be blocked by the transfeetion of Ad-PKGIα. Hypoxia could push PASMC mitosis and proliferating(~3H-TdR incorporated way: 7570 ± 371 in normoxia,12 020± 831 in 12 h hypoxia condition,14 924 ± 1491 in 24 h hypoxia condition, P <0. 05), that could be blocked by the transfection of Ad-PKGIα, too. Conclusions The results suggested that PKGIα signaling pathway might play an important role in the molecule mechanism of HPVR. And PKGIα gene might be a target point of gene therapy.

AIM: To investigate the process of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) differentiation into neural-like cells and to determine the role of 26S proteasome in neuronal differentiation. METHODS: Purified hBMSCs were treated with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) for 1 day and retinoic acid (RA) for 3 days, followed by growth factor (10 μg/L bFGF or 20 μg/L NGF) for another 3 days. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the expression of nestin (a neural precursor cells marker), Tuj1 (a premature neuronal marker), and neurofilament (NF, a mature neuronal marker) at all stages of induced differentiation. Immunostaining and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of 26S proteasome during neuronal differentiation of hBMSCs. To further confirm the role of 26S proteasome in hBMSCs differentiation, cells were treated with β-ME/RA and then followed by protesome inhibitor MG132 and growth factor. Immunostaining was performed to detect NF-positive cells. RESULTS: Quantification results showed that the untreated cells were almost never positive for nestin, Tuj1 and NF. After treated with β-ME/RA, the numbers of nestin-positive cells (34.41%±1.27%) and Tuj1-positive cells (27.79%±1.27%) were increased. Notably, the numbers of NF-positive cells were significantly increased to 56.72%±2.4% after induction with β-ME/RA/GF. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that undifferentiated hBMSCs cells were weakly stained by antibody against 26S proteasome, but the numbers of cells with high-intensity of 26S proteasome were increased after treated with β-ME/RA. The RT-PCR result of 26S proteasome further confirmed that the mRNA level of the cells differentiated by β-ME/RA (1.33), as well as by β-ME/RA/GF (1.77), was significantly increased compared to the undifferentiated cells. Moreover, hBMSCs incubated with protesome inhibitor MG132 significantly decreased the numbers of NF-positive cells (37.59%±1.52%). CONCLUSION: After induction with β-ME/RA/GF, hBMSCs can be differentiated into neural-like cells, which is concomitant with the increase in 26S proteasome expression. Inhibitor of 26S protesome prevents hBMSCs differentiation, suggesting that 26S proteasome may be involved in the differentiation of hBMSCs into neural-like cells.

Objective To establish the resist-fatigue animal test through using Maca, in order to provide reference for the relevant departments to exploit new sports nutrition . Methods Thirty male KM mice were randomly divided into Quiet control group (A),Exhaustive group (B,high altitude),Maca exhaustive group (C), there were 10 mice in each group. Drinking water containing Maca (Maca =500 mg/L) was supplied in group C. Additional exhaustive group (D,low altitude) was set.Thirty days later, all mice were killed after one exhaustive test, then we tested the exhaustive time, the level of T-SOD and liver glycogen. Results The exhaustive time of group C was significantly longer than group B (P<0.05), the T-SOD level of group C was significantly higher than group A and group B (P<0.05), and the liver glycogen content of group C was significantly higher than group B (P<0.05) . Conclusion Maca can raise T-SOD and liver glycogen level of the mice after exhaustive swimming, and has function of resist-fatigue.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the features of nosocomial infections for patients with multiple myeloma(MM).METHODS One hundred and seventy eight cases of MM treated in our hospital from Oct 1982 to Dec 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Eighty five patients(47.8%) suffered from nosocomial infections.The nosocomial infection took place more frequently on respiratory tract.Elder,granulocytopenia,hypoproteinemia,severe anemia,and diabetes were the risk factors.Totally 91 pathogens were isolated.Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 45.1%,and were the major pathogens.Fungi accounted for 37.4% and Gram-positives accounted for 17.6%.The ESBLs producing strains accounted for 31.6% in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.Vancomycin resistant strains were found.The top one of fungi presented organism was the Candida albicans.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infections for patients with multiple myeloma has a high incidence.There are many risk factors.The resistance of commonly encountered bacteria to antimicrobial agents is a serious problem.Immunity protection and the rational use of antimicrobial agents should be emphasized.