Blood Banks ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Fetal Blood ; Humans

Objective To compare the usefulness of contrast-enhanced T1 high resolution isotropic volume excitation (THRIVE) sequence and fat-saturated TSE sequence in detection of spinal metastases.Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients with spinal metastases were recruited.All patients received post-contrast TSE T1WI followed by a fat-suppressed THRIVE sequence.The number of lesions,SNR and CNR for both sequences,and the scoring of image quality concerning motion-artifact and tumor conspicuity were compared.Results Acquisition time of the post-contrast TSE T1W sequence and the THRIVE sequence was 2 min 55 s and 33 s,respectively.No significant difference was found in the number of lesions detected between the two sequences (Z=-0.816,P=0.414).The SNR (432.54±271.60) and CNR (233.27± 197.65) of the THRIVE sequence were significantly lower than the SNR (674.32±375.79) and CNR (312.38±207.49) of the TSE T1W sequence respectively (t=-4.366,-2.660,P＜0.001,0.012).Tumor conspicuity of the post-contrast TSE sequence was better than that of THRIVE sequence (Z=-4.082,P＜0.001),while the motion-artifact in TSE sequence was more severe (Z=2.291,P=0.022).Conclusion The post-contrast THRIVE sequence is capable of decreasing acquisition time and motion-artifact.Besides,its detected efficacy is equal to that of TSE sequence.There is practical possibility to replace the conventional post-contrast TSE T1WI sequence with the THRIVE sequence in the imaging of spinal metastases.

Objective To explore the value of Gadofluorine M,a novel M RI enhancement agent,in the diagnosis the early radiation brain injury.Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups.To establish the radiation injury model,the rat's posterior brain was irradiated with 0(blank controls),25,35,45,55,and 65 Gy,respectively.After irradiation MR plain scanning and Gadofluorine M enhancement scanning (after the T1WI and T2WI scanning Gf at the dosage of 0.1 mmol/kg was injected intravenously and scanning was performed again 12 h later) were performed once a week for 8 weeks.Another 12 rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to exposure to 55 and 65Gy,respectively,and MR scanning was performed once a week for 8 weeks since the third week after MR.After T1WI and T2WI scanning Gd-DTPA was injected intravenously,MR was conducted again 30 min later,and Gf was injected intravenously (Gd-DTPAenhancement and Gf enhancement contrast).The MR image and the pixel count were compared.Since the third week 2 rats from the Gf enhancement scanning group and 1 rat from the Gd-DTPA enhancement and Gf enhancement contrast were killed after MR with their brains taken out to undergo pathological examination.Results No abnormal signal changes were found in MRI in 25 and 35 Gy groups within 2 months after irradiation.A high signal in the Gf enhancement T1 WI image was found in 45,55,and 65 Gy groups within the period of 4-6 weeks after radiation.The signal intensity was significantly higher than that of the control,25,and 35 Gy groups(F =2.15,P <0.05).The emerge time of this signal was negatively correlated with the dose of radiation(r =-0.62,P < 0.05).When there was no obvious change was found by Gd-DTPA enhancement,a high signal representing change of injury could be found in Gf enhancement in the same rat.The signal intensity was significantly enhanced in Gf enhancement compared to the Gd-DTPA enhancement (F = 2.74,P <0.01).Histopathology examination of the 65 Gy group showed frosted degeneration in part of the region,however,no obvious necrotic damage was found in other groups.Conclusions The Gf enhancement change appears before histopathological changes,it helps discover early radiation injury in brain.Compared to the regular MRI and Gd-DTPA enhancement,Gadofluorine M enhancement has obvious advantage and is worth further research and application.

Objective To study the ultrastructure of the renal papillary Randall's plaque in calclum oxalate stone formers. Methods The 14 biopsy samples of the Randall's plaque in 12 patients with calcium oxalate stone undergoing PCNL for stone removal were obtained using endoscopic biopsy technique,followed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin or fixing with osmium tetroxide,and then the ultrastructure of the Randall's plaque was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results In all 12 patients,72 renal papillae were examined.All kidReys were found to have papillary plaque and 7 of the patients had attached stones.Sixty-three papillae(87.5%)contained plaque.Calcium deposition was seen in the 12 renal papilla tissue by light microscopy.Transmission electron microscopy images of the 2 Randall's plaque samples showed several cluster of sharp and large crystals lied closer to the surface of Randall's plaque.The typical crystals were acicular with light profile. Conclusions Randall's plaque is an interstitial medullary and papillary deposit of calcium oxalate.The appearance of the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals lies upon Randall's plaque,which might be an explanation for the mechanism of calcium oxalate stone formation.

AIM To provide toxicokinetics data for toxicity studies of repeated doses of sodium 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy) ethyl] adenine (PMEA-Na). METHODS The concentrations of PMEA-Na in plasma and urine were determined by HPLC/MS/MS method after single and multiple iv administrations in dogs. Data were executed by the statistical moment method to acquire the toxicokinetics parameters. Serum biochemical tests and histopathological examination were performed. RESULTS The system exposure of PMEA-Na in dogs was dose-dependent over the dose range of 1.0-6.0 mg·kg-1. The areas under the plasma concentration-time curve of PMEA-Na after single and multiple iv administrations at 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg·kg-1 dosage were (2.3±0.5), (8.4±1.6), (17.5±3.7) and (5.0±0.4), (15.9±3.2), (30.3±4.7)mg·L-1·h, respectively. The urinary excretion of PMEA-Na in 72 h after iv administration was (87.0±4.8)% at the dose of 3.0 mg·kg-1. In 6.0 mg·kg-1 dose group, liver enzyme activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and serum levels of total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and triglycerides were all significantly elevated; glucose level significantly decreased comparing with the control group. Histopathological observation showed distinct pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues of 6.0 mg·kg-1 dose group. CONCLUSION There was evidence of toxicity after repeated-dose (14 d) of PMEA-Na in dogs and the major toxicity target organs were the kidney and liver.

Objective To investigate the prognosis of patients with solitary large hepatocellular carcinoma (SLHCC) and with small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC),and analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with SLHCC.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 856 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC who were admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of the Second Military Medical University from January 2008 to December 2008 were collected.Of 856 patients,693 HCC patients with tumor diameter ≤5 cm were allocated into the SHCC group and 163 HCC patients with tumor diameter ＞ 5 cm and with solitary,expansive growth and complete capsule tumors were allocated into the SLHCC group.Patients underwent preoperative antiviral therapy,laboratory and imaging examinations,and then surgical planning was determined based on the preoperative results.Observation indicators:(1) comparisons of clinicopathological features between the 2 groups:sex,age,Child-Pugh grade,HBeAg,serum level of HBV-DNA,platelet (PLT),albumin (Alb),total bilirubin (TBil),alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),tumor diameter,microvascular invasion,Edmondson-Steiner grade and liver cirrhosis;(2) treatment situations between the 2 groups:surgical procedures,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with blood transfusion and time of hepatic inflow occlusion;(3) survival analysis between the 2 groups;(4) prognostic analysis of patients with SLHCC.Follow-up using telephone interview and outpatient examination was performed once every 3 months within 2 years postoperatively and once every 6 months after 2 years postoperatively up to June 23,2014.Follow-up included tumor marker,liver function,serum level of HBV-DNA and abdominal B-ultrasound examination.The patients received reexamination of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) once every 6 months or when there was suspicion of tumor recurrence or metastasis.Tumor recurrence or metastasis was confirmed through typical HCC imaging findings of CT and MRI,and PET/CT examination was conducted if necessary.Tumor-free survival time was from operation time to time of tumor recurrence,and overall survival time was from operation time to death or the last follow-up.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x±s,and continuous variables were analyzed by the t test or Mann-Whitney U test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Categorical variables were represented as count (percentage) and analyzed by the chi-square test or calibration chi-square test.The survival curve and survival rate were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.COX regression model was used for prognostic analysis.Results (1) Comparisons of clinicopathological features between the 2 groups:number of patients with PLT＜ 100× 109/L,with positive microvascular invasion and with liver cirrhosis and tumor diameter were 197,133,447,(3.1±1.1)cm in the SHCC group and 28,53,79,(8.9±3.3) cm in the SLHCC group,respectively,with significant differences between the 2 groups (x2=28.618,t =37.286,x2 =213.773,214.325,P ＜ 0.05).(2) Treatment situations between the 2 groups:all the 856 patients underwent hepatectomy,including 326 with hepatic segments of resection ≥ 3 and 530 with hepatic segments of resection ＜ 3.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with intraoperative blood transfusion and with time of hepatic inflow occlusion ＞ 20 minutes were 90 minutes (range,60-200 minutes),200 mL (range,20-5 200 mL),47,125 in the SHCC group and 110 minutes (range,60-230 min),300 mL (range,50-3 200 mL),31,58 in the SLHCC group,respectively.(3) Survival analysis between the 2 groups:all the 856 patients were followed up for 32.5 months (range,1.O-72.3 months).The median survival time,median tumor-free survival time,1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates and 1-,3-,5-year tumor-free survival rates were 56.2 months (range,1.6-75.8 months),39.5 months(range,1.0-75.0 months),90％,71％,58％,70％,48％,38％ in the SHCC and 50.3 months (range,1.1-76.0 months),30.7 months (range,1.0-72.0 months),87％,59％,47％,65％,46％,33％ in the SLHCC group,respectively,with no significant difference in tumor-free survival between the 2 groups (x2=0.514,P＞0.05) and with a significant difference in overall survival between the 2 groups (x2=10.067,P＜0.05).Stratified analysis:there were 117 SLHCC patients with 5 cm ＜ tumor diameter ＜ 10 cm and 46 SLHCC patients with tumor diameter ＞ 10 cm.The 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates and 1-,3-,5-year tumor-free survival rates were 91％,65％,53％,70％,48％,35％ in 117 SLHCC patients with 5 cm ＜ tumor diameter ＜ 10 cm,respectively,with no significant difference compared with SHCC group (x2=1.832,0.042,P＞0.05).The 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates and 1-,3-,5-year tumor-free survival rates were 78％,46％,31％,49％,39％,30％ in 46 SLHCC patients with tumor diameter ＞ 10 cm,respectively,with significant differences compared with SHCC group (x2=21.136,4.097,P＜0.05).(4) Prognostic analysis of patients with SLHCC:results of univariate analysis showed that serum level of HBV-DNA,tumor diameter and microvascular invasion were risk factors affecting postoperative 5-year tumor-free survival rate of SLHCC patients (x2 =5.193,3.377,5.509,P＜0.05);sex,serum level of HBV-DNA,tumor diameter and microvascular invasion were risk factors affecting postoperative 5-year overall survival rate of SLHCC patients (x2=4.546,18.053,7.780,10.569,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that serum level of HBV-DNA ≥ 104 U/mL,tumor diameter ＞ 10 cm and positive microvascular invasion were independent risk factors affecting postoperative 5-year tumor-free survival rate of SLHCC patients [HR =2.77,1.85,1.86,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.74-4.40,1.16-2.94,1.17-2.96,P＜ 0.05] and affecting postoperative 5-year overall survival rate of SLHCC patients (HR=2.73,1.98,1.69,95％CI:1.72-4.33,1.23-3.17,1.04-2.72,P＜0.05).Conclusions There are similar prognosis between SLHCC patients with 5 cm ＜ tumor diameter ＜ 10 cm and SHCC patients,however,prognosis of SLHCC patients with tumor diameter ＞ 10 cm is worse than that of SHCC patients.Serum level of HBV-DNA ≥ 104 U/mL,tumor diameter ＞ 10 cm and positive microvascular invasion are independent risk factors affecting prognosis of SLHCC patients.

Objective To study the role of hematopoietic growth factor(HGF)of placenta chorionic villus in fetal hematopoiesis during embryo ontogeny by observation of the appearance time and the content changes with the fetal growth, which was compared with HGF in cord blood. Methods Thirty embryo villus (2 g each) and 30 cord blood (2 mL each) were collected separately from early pregnant stage(6- 8 weeks), middle pregnant stage(16-22 weeks)and late pregnant stage (37-42 weeks). The levels of HGF were detected by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay. Results HGF were produced on the early pregnant stage and the content of FL-T3,IL-3 increased gradually.There were significantly differences at different stages(P

Objective To establish the type Ⅱ collagen specific T cell line of Wistar rat and observe its effect on transferring arthritis.Methods The Wistar rats were immunized with emulsified chicken type Ⅱ collagen (CCⅡ) in complete Freund′s adjuvant by intradermal injection to induce the rat model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA).The lymphocytes were obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes of CIA rats,and the type Ⅱ collagen reactive T cell line was selected and propagated by CCⅡ stimulating in vitro .The proliferation response and phenotype were analyzed by 3 H TdR incorporation and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS).The onset of arthritis and pathological characteristic in ankle joints of recipient rats were observed with naked eye and histochemical examination.Anti CCⅡ antibody in serum was assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results A T cell line was successfully established.The results of FACS labeled with fluorescent antibodies showed that 98 2% of the line cells were T cells,of which 89 7% were CD4 + T cells.The results of adoptive transfer showed that the incidence of arthritis was 50% when the injected cell number was 5?10 7,meanwhile the level of anti CCⅡ antibody in serum was elevated more than that of the control.Conclusion A cell line has been successfully established.The result of arthritis transferring by T cell line shows that the T cell plays a great role in the pathogenesis of CIA and provides a research datum for rheumatoid arthritis therapy with T cell vaccine.

Recent clinical reports have demonstrated that the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) opened a new source of stem cell for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, leading to the development of cord blood banks world-wide. Prior to the large scale construction of UCB banks, quality control must be performed for health care providers and manufactures. With increasingly stringent regulatory requirement in blood industry, quality control is playing an important role in the operation of blood centers and stem cell laboratories. Reviewed the lectures in the biology of UCB and UCB banks published in recent years, our experiences were discussed in setting up Shandong blood bank to define process variables associated with the collection of UCB, to determine and optimize the procedures and materials used, to ascertain how UCB can be processed in clean room as mononucleated cell preparations, and to analyze using of long-term storage of UCB in research and clinic in the future. Our conclusions are: (1) the establishment of UCB banks for use in transplantation appears to be easy, effective and particularly suitable approach in China under cGMP conditions; (2) the procedures for volume reduction by closed and semi-automated blood processing system, SSP HLA typing, biocode and local computer net, microbiological tests and the 50 ml cryobags for storage constitute a cost efficient system for large-scale UCB banking; (3) the average of 60 ml UCB collection may contain sufficent marrow repopulating cells for children and most of adult recipients; and (4) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in cord blood have a more potent proliferative ability than those derived from bone marrow in cell expansion potentials.