BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that transplanted neural stem cells can survive and proliferate in the brain of Alzheimer disease(AD)rats,however,it is poorly understood whether it can rebuild the nerve tracts by substituting the injured or dead neurons and improve learning and memory abilities.Synaptophysin is one of the important markers of synaptic rebuilding.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of neural stem cell transplantation on synaptophysin expression in hippocampus and learning and memory abilities of AD rats.METHODS:Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control,AD model,2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups.All rats were established AD models except that in the normal control group.Neural stem cells were isolated from the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of newborn rats,labeled with Hoechst33258,and then transplanted into CA1 region of hippocampus of rats in the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups.The behavioral testing in the rats was performed using Y-maze trial.Nissl staining and synaptophysin immunohistochemistry were detected after the rats were sacrificed.The same volume of stroke-physiological saline solution was injected into rats in the AD models group using the identical methods.There was no treatment in the normal control group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:①The cells number in the hippocampal CA1 region of the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups were increased than that of AD model group,but were still less than that of the normal control group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significantly difference between the absorbance values of 2-or 4-week-transplantation group and control group(P ＞ 0.05).②The absorbance values of the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation were significantly greater than that of the control and AD model groups(P ＜ 0.05).③The learning and memory abilities in 2-and 4-week-transplantation group enhanced obviously and their correct reaction rates improved evidently,which was found statistically significant difference from AD model group(P ＜ 0.05),while no statistically significant difference from control group(P ＞ 0.05).The transplanted neural stem cells may promote the synaptic rebuilding and improve learning and memory abilities in AD rats.

OBJECTIVE To analyze and compare the value of c-reactive protein(CRP) and body temperature in the infection diagnosis and severity of infection among the patients with malignant hematological disease.METHODS According to the microorganism detection and application of antibiotics,we divided the 119 patients into infection group and noninfection group from May 2004 to May 2005 in our ward.CRP and temperature of the patients were measured and.RESULTS There were 88 cases in the infection group and 31 cases in the noninfection group.The CRP plasma concentration had significant difference between too groups(P

“Multi-component Chinese medicine” (MCC Medicine) is a new TCM concept in recent ten years. It is a new formed TCM product accepted and approved by the new mode (component compatibility of medicines) for TCM research and development, which originated from TCM research and development and TCM pharmaceutics. MCC Medicine contains massive historical accumulation of TCM and distinctive characteristics of the times, which is closely connected with the TCM theory, current trend of the TCM development, clinical treatment requirements, and the development of modern science and technology. In order to promote the development of MCC Medicine, this article reviewed its original background and future trend, with a purpose to make clear the direction for the development of MCC Medicine.

Objective To study the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and anterior circulation infarction (ACI). Methods 271 ACI patients (166 men and 105 women) who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of China Guideline for Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment were enrolled. 147 control subjects (67 men and 80 women) without the clinical signs of cerebral infarction but with detailed case history, physical examination and CT or MRI were also selected. The prevalence and risk of MS were observed in the ACI and control group. MS was defined with the modified criteria in Chinese. Results The prevalence of MS in the ACI group and control subjects was respectively 43.17% and 19.05%. The prevalence of MS was significantly higher in the ACI group as compared with the control subjects (P<0.01). The component level of MS were significandy different between the two groups (P< 0.05). MS was associated with a 3.7 fold higher risk of ACI (P<0.01). Conclusions There is a close relationship between MS and ACI. MS is an important risk factor of ACI.

BACKGROUND: Sinomenine is an alkaloid monomer extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb sinomenium acutum stem. It is used in the therapy of the rheumatoid arthritis and has clear and definite therapeutic effects, but the therapeutic mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sinomenine at different doses in vitro on the activity of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κβ) and mRNA expressions of the tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) andinterleukin-10 (IL-10) in the synovial cells of the rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA) to explore the probable mechanism of sinomenine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).DESIGN: A controlled repeated measuring study based on the cells.SETTING: Department of traditional chinese medicine and the institute of burn research of a military medical university.MATERIALS: This study was finished at the Laboratory of the Institute of Burn Research of Chinese PLA. The experimental animals were 25 healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade. The AA model rats were made and the synovial cells were collected and grouped as follows: normal control group, AA group,AA + sinomenine 30 mg/L group, AA + sinomenine 60 mg/L group, AA + sinomenine 120 mg/L group. The activity of the NF-κB was measured by the electrophoresis mobility shift assay(EMSA) . The mRNA expressions of the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 were measured by reverse transcription-PCR assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the changes of the activity of the NF-κB and the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in the synovial cells of the rats with adjuvant arthritis after the treatment with sinomenine at different doses.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the activity of the NF-κB and the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in the synovial cells in the AA group all increased significantly and the outcomes were 17±6, 0.570±0.047, 0.730±0.093, 0. 683 ±0.081 (t= 2.71 -4.07, P < 0.05). After the administration of sinomenine, the activity of NF-κB showed a good correlation with mRNA expressions of the TNF-αandIL-13(r=0.810, P <0.001; r=0.562, P <0.05), but no statistical relevance with mRNA expression of IL-10 was established. Sinomenine showed a dose-dependent inhibition on the activity of the NF-κB and the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α and IL-1β in a certain range of concentrations(30-120 mg/L), but no dose-dependent inhibition on mRNA expression of the IL-10 was observed.CONCLUSION: Through the inhibition of the activity of the NF-κB,sinomenine decreased the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α and the IL-1β in the synovial membrane cells.

Druggability is crucial in pharmaceutical drug development as the source of drug research. Druggability research will face greater challenges because Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the multicomponent drug. In this paper, ideas and methods of study on CMM druggability were mainly proposed in combination with the chemical material basis of muticomponents of CMM.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and costs of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and hematopoietic recovery after transplantation in patients with relapsed or refractory malignant lymphoma. Methods:From July 2014 to October 2016, 15 patients with malignant lymphoma using peripheral blood stem cell mobilization (PBSCM) for autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) were treated in our institution and enrolled in the PEG-rhG-CSF group (experimental group). We analyzed data from other 15 patients with malignant lymphoma mobilized with G-CSF who were treated in our institution from January 2013 to August 2015 (control group). Results:Patients in both groups were successfully mobilized. The median amounts of CD34+cells collected in the experimental and control groups were 16.2×106/kg and 8.9×106/kg, respectively (P=0.414), and the median amount of mononuclear cell (MNC) was 12.4×108/kg and 9.9× 108/kg, respectively (P=0.519). In the experimental and control groups, the mean durations of mobilization were 10.66±1.45 and 9.33±1.83 days (P=0.234), the mean durations of neutropenia during mobilization were 4.20±2.17 and 3.80±2.04 days (P=0.608), the mean durations of absolute neutrophil count recovery after APBSCT were 10.14±1.29 and 10.93±2.69 days (P=0.327), and the mean durations of platelet recovery were 10.36±2.27 and 12.27±3.38 days (P=0.121). Mobilization and hematopoietic recovery after APBSCT were not significantly different between the two groups. The cost was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (RMB 3,960 yuan versus RMB 11,479.3±2,401.3 yuan). Conclusion:High-dose chemotherapy combined with PEG-rhG-CSF is a promising, effective, and low-cost mobilization regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory malignant lymphoma.

Objective To study the neuroprotective effect of orexin-B on rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its molecular mechanism. Methods The artery occlusion model of male Wister rats(middle cerebral ar-tery occlusion,MCAO) was established which has been ischemic 2 h and reperfusion 24 h. Rats were randomly di-vided into sham group (control), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R), ischemia-reperfusion +PBS group (I/R+PBS),and ischemia-reperfusion +orexin-B group (I/R+OXB). The neurological deficit scores were processed to inclusion and exclusion. Infarct size was determined by TTC staining;Using Western blot,the expressions of orexin receptor 2,p-AKT,p-GSK-3β proteins in hippocampus were detected;Jumping test was used to detect learning and memory abilities in rats. Results Orexin-B significantly reduced the volume of cerebral infarction in TTC staining;orexin-B group was significantly increased the expression of orexin receptor 2as well as p-AKT,which decreased p-GSK-3β (P<0.05),compared with the untreated group. Furthmore,the orexin-B treated group can improve the latency period and decline the mistakes in rat Jumping test(P<0.05). Conclusions The neuroprotective effect of orexin-B in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury may enhance p-AKT activity and inhibit p-GSK-3β activity,which may increase the proliferation of neurons and improve the cerebral blood glucose concentration.

BACKGROUND: Autophagy of alveolar macrophages is a crucial process in ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells with the potential for repairing injured sites and regulating autophagy. This study was to investigate the influence of BM-MSCs on autophagy of macrophages in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) microenvironment and to explore the potential mechanism. METHODS: We established a co-culture system of macrophages (RAW264.7) with BM-MSCs under OGD/R conditions in vitro. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with recombinant adenovirus (Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B) and autophagic status of RAW264.7 cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Autophagy-related proteins light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and p62 in RAW264.7 cells were detected by Western blotting. We used microarray expression analysis to identify the differently expressed genes between OGD/R treated macrophages and macrophages co-culture with BM-MSCs. We investigated the gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is downstream of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. RESULTS: The ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I of OGD/R treated RAW264.7 cells was increased (1.27 ± 0.20 vs. 0.44 ± 0.08, t = 6.67, P  < 0.05), while the expression of p62 was decreased (0.77 ± 0.04 vs. 0.95 ± 0.10, t = 2.90, P  < 0.05), and PI3K (0.40 ± 0.06 vs. 0.63 ± 0.10, t = 3.42, P  < 0.05) and p-Akt/Akt ratio was also decreased (0.39 ± 0.02 vs. 0.58 ± 0.03, t = 9.13, P  < 0.05). BM-MSCs reduced the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio of OGD/R treated RAW264.7 cells (0.68 ± 0.14 vs. 1.27 ± 0.20, t = 4.12, P  < 0.05), up-regulated p62 expression (1.10 ± 0.20 vs. 0.77 ± 0.04, t = 2.80, P  < 0.05), and up-regulated PI3K (0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06, t = 3.11, P  < 0.05) and p-Akt/Akt ratios (0.52 ± 0.05 vs. 0.39 ± 0.02, t = 9.13, P  < 0.05). A whole-genome microarray assay screened the differentially expressed gene HO-1, which is downstream of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the alteration of HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was consistent with the data on PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the existence of the PI3K/Akt/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells under OGD/R circumstances in vitro, revealing the mechanism underlying BM-MSC-mediated regulation of autophagy and enriching the understanding of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ALI.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Bone Marrow ; Glucose ; Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Oxygen ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction