Objective: To establish a method for determination of saikosaponin a, baicalin and glycyrrhizic acid in Xiaochaihu Decoction. Methods: A combined method of HPLC-DAD and time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS) was used; the chromatography condition was as following: Agilent Zorbax XDB C18 column (25°C, 2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm); mobile phase: methanol (0.025%, V/V, formic acid)-water 0.025%, V/ V, formic acid) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.15 ml · min-1. The injection volume was 0.25 μl. Atomospheric pressure electronic spray ionization was used to quantify saikosaponin a at the capillary voltage of 4 000 V, the flow and temperature of drying gas were 10.0 L · min-1 and 350°C, respectively; nebulizer pressure was 40 psi (275 792 Pa), and the fragment voltage was 200 V; the m/z of saikosaponin a was 803.420 0-803.490 0 for quantitative analysis. The wavelengths for detection of baicalin and glycyrrhizic acid were 275 nm and 250 nm, respectively. Results: The calibration curves were Y=461 182X + 2 000 000(r=0.999 0),Y=0.949 9X-1.046 4(r=0.999 5) and Y=5.978 9X-27.418(r=0.999 5) for saikosaponin a (0.211 6-127.3 μg · ml-1), baicalin (0.758-455 μg · ml-1) and ammonium glycyrrhizinate (2.268-136.8 μg · ml-1), respectively. The recovery rates of the low, medium and high concentrations were (95.54 ± 1.60)%, (99.39 ± 3.97)% and (103.8 ± 1.97)% for saikosaponin a, (102.3 ± 0.47)%, (100.9 ± 1.32)% and (97.15 ± 2.10)% for baicalin, and (102.6 ± 1.96)%, (100.3 ± 3.12)% and (97.75 ± 1.25)% for ammonium glycyrrhizinate, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day RSD was both less than 5% and the RSD was less than 5% for 21 days. Conclusion: The method in the present study is simple, sensitive, rapid, and accurate for quality control of Xiaochaihu Decoction.

Objective To study the prenatal genetic diagnostic methods for hemophilia A fetus.Methods From 2002 to 2006,19 hemophilia A families were diagnosed either by long distance-polymerase chain reaction(LD-PCR)for factor Ⅷ intron 22 inversion or by the DNA polymorphism genetic linkage analysis of factorⅧin the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.Results (1)Totally 19 women,with 22pregnancies received the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hemophilia A.The average week at diagnosis was 23(17-34)weeks.All the direct fetal blood sampling(DFBS)were successful.There was no fetal-loss caused by the procedures.(2)Of the 19 hemophilia A families,14 appeared to be factorⅧintron 22inversion,in which 16 prenatal diagnoses were done,10 fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients,and 6 fetuses were normal.(3)Using combined polymorphism genetic linkage analysis 6 prenatal diagnoses were done,including one woman's two pregnancies,in which both her fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients.(4)Factor Ⅷ levels of 16 fetuses were measured,and 6 fetuses were unmeasured either because the pregnancy weeks were lower than 20 weeks or the parents refused.Factor Ⅷlevel ranged from 0 to 198%.There were 11 fetuses whose factor Ⅷ levels were lower than 10%.Ten of them were diagnosed to be genetical hemophilia A patients,and in only one boy the factorⅧlevel was 2%,but the genetic diagnosis was normal and for one year's follow up he was doing normal.Conclusion LDPCR combined with polymorphism genetic linkage analysis enables a quick and correct detection ofhemophilia A carrier.For a carrier pregnancy.prenatal diagnosis could be done for the male fetus.Factor Ⅷ deficiency of the fetus could help make the diagnosis but the final diagnosis should be based on genetic evidence.

Objective To explore the lymph nodes (LN) metastasis characters of the endometrial carcinoma and its relation with the patients' prognosis. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 227 cases of endometrial carcinoma who admitted to our department and underwent LN excision from Jul. 2000 to Feb. 2008. Results Among 227 cases who underwent pelvic LN excision, there were 22 cases (9.7%) presented LN metastasis. There were 12 cases with positive external iliac LN from 20 cases of patients with data in LN grouping. Para-aortic LN excision was carried out on 138 patients. There were 6 cases with positive para-aortic LN, 5 cases of them together with pelvic LN metastasis. Those patients with cervix involvement, annex metastasis, deep myometrium infiltration, grade 2-3 and negative estrogen receptor occurred pelvic LN metastasis more frequently than the others ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Among the 6 cases with positive para-aortic LN, there were 3 cases ( 3/6) with deep myometrium infiltration. For those whose paraaortic LN was negative, it was only 16. 7% (22 cases). But there were no difference statistically between them ( P＞ 0. 05 ). There were significant difference in 3 years disease-free survival rate between patients with positive pelvic LN or negative pelvic LN [(81. 8 ± 8. 2)% vs ( 97. 4 ± 1. 2 ) % , P = 0. 004]. While there were not significant difference in 3 years disease-free survival rate between patients with positive para-aortic LN or negative para-aortic LN [100% vs ( 96. 7 ± 1. 6) % , P ＞ 0. 05]. Single factor analysis showed that the age more than 50 years, annex metastasis and pelvic LN metastasis related with the recurrence (P ＜0. 01). But cervix involvement, deep myometrium infiltration, para-aortic LN metastasis, pathology type, tumor grade and estrogen receptor did not relate with the recurrence ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Cox regression analysis showed that annex metastasis and the age of patients were independent risk factors affecting the recurrence ( P = 0. 011, P = 0. 025 ). Conclusions The most common site of pelvic LN metastasis is the external iliac LN for endometrial carcinoma patients. The patients with positive para-aortic LN always accompanied pelvic LN metastasis. Those patients with cervical involvement, annex metastasis, deep myometrium infiltration, poor differentiation and negative estrogen receptor be more likely exist pelvic LN metastasis. Pelvic LN metastasis may affect the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma patients.

Objective To observe the influence of triglyceride(TG),hemoglobin(HGB),total bilirubin(TBIL)and rheumatoid factor(RF)on the results of two kinds of D-dimer detection reagent assay.Methods Five samples were prepared into series with 2,4,6,8 and 10 mmol/L triglyceride by adding fat emulsion.Five samples were prepared into series with 1,2,3,4 and 5 g/L of hemolysis degree by adding hemoglobin solution.Five samples were prepared into series with 20,40,60,80 and 100μmol/L total bilirubin by adding bilirubin standard preparation.Ten samples were prepared into rheumatoid factor levels be-tween 0~150 IU/L by adding rheumatoid factor standard solution.Simultaneously with D-dimer detection reagent and D-di-mer HS detection reagent for testing,each sample was measured two times and the results averaged.Results When TG≤2 mmol/L,the D-dimer reagents without interference,and TG≥4 mmol/L,the D-dimer reagents due to “SD baseline data out of range”couldn’t be detected.TG≤10 mmol/L,for D-dimer HS reagents was without interference.When HGB≥1 g/L, the D-dimer reagents due to“SD baseline data out of range”couldn’t be detected.HGB≤4 g/L,for D-dimer HS reagents was without interference.When hemoglobin levels was equal to 5 g/L,the D-dimer HS reagents test results false increased about 30.4%.With total bilirubin concentration increases,D-dimer and D-dimer HS reagents test results were false increase, showed amplitude by a power law,and the two reagents increased consistency.Preparation a series of pooled plasma of rheu-matoid factor levels in 0~150 IU/L,D-dimer test results reagent falsely elevated levels of rheumatoid factor with a linear correlation (Y=59.31X+50.43,R2=0.998).When RF≤150 IU/L,the D-dimer HS reagents was without interference. Conclusion Triglyceride,hemoglobin,total bilirubin and rheumatoid factor may interfere D-dimer testing process,icterus and severe hemolysis will interfere D-dimer HS testing process.D-dimer HS reagents against interfere exceed D-dimer rea-gents.When D-dimer test results does not match with clinicians determine,the influence ofinterfering substances should be considered.

Objective To discuss the relationship of hypertension with ageing and comorbidities in 6426 inpatients. Methods The data of 6426 inpatients with hypertension from May 2005 to May 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. All inpatients were divided into four groups: the young-aged group from 18 to 44 yrs (n= 312, 4. 8%), the middle-aged group from 45 to 59 yrs (n= 1529,23.8%), the elderly group from 60 to 79 yrs (n=3847, 59.9%) and the old old group from 80 to 99 yrs (n=738, 11.5%). The percentages of hypertension patients in the same age group over the same period were calculated and the comorbidities were observed respectively. Results Of 6426 hypertensive cases, there were 3438 males (53.5%) and 2988 females (46.5%), ranging from 18 to 99 yrs with the average age of (66.3± 12. 1) yrs. There were 25 504 inpatients over 18 years old including 11 208 in the youth group, 5389 in the middle-aged group, 7596 in the elderly group and 1311 in the old old group. The proportions of hypertension inpatients to total in-patients in the four age groups were 2.8%, 28. 4%, 50.7% and 56.3% respectively. In the youth and middle-aged groups, numbers of males with hypertension were more than of females, however there was no significant difference in gender in the elderly and the old old groups. Within 6426 inpatients with hypertension, 2069 (32.2 %) had diabetes mellitus, 1508 (23.5%) had hyperlipidemia, 105 (1.6 % )had sleep apnea syndrome, 1061 (16.5%) had coronary artery disease, 904 (14.1%) had heart failure, 2353 (36.6%) had stroke and 678 (10. 6%) had kidney failure. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension increases with ageing significantly. The correlated risk factors for hypertension include diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and sleep apnea syndrome, being a clustering phenomenon, especially for elder patients. These risk factors also deteriorate the damage on heart,brain, kidney and other target organs, which might ultimately result in serious cardio-cerebral vascular events. Therefore, besides control of blood pressure, we should strengthen the complex treatment on hypertension to prevent and delay the occur of complicating diseases.

Objective To investigate the related risk factors in patients with atrial fibrillation in order to prevent and delay the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.Methods Five hundred and fifty-eight inpatients with atrial fibrillation were retrospectively analyzed from June 2005 to June 2008.They were divided into several groups according to the age and the characteristics of the elder patients with atrial fibrillation were analyzed.Results In the 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 298 males (53.4%) and 260 females (46.6%) aged from 21 to 97 years.The average age was (72.8 ±10.1) years.There were 57 cases aged 21-59 years(10.2 %)and 501 cases aged 60-97 years(89.8 %).The total number of inpatients in our hospital was 11 869, and there were 4049 cases aged<60 years, 2527 cases aged 60-69 years, 3971 cases aged 70-79 years, 1244 cases aged 80-89 years and 78 cases aged>90 years.The proportions of the inpatients with atrial fibrillation in the above five age groups of inpatients were 1.4%(57 cases), 4.2%(107 cases), 6.6% (262 cases), 9.5%(118 cases)and 17.9% (14 cases), respectively.In 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 230 cases (41.2%) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 44 cases (7.9%) with persistent atrial fibrillation and 284 cases (50.9%) with permanent atrial fibrillation.The most common underlying disease was hypertension in the 558 cases, followed by coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, rheumatic heart disease and so on.Conclusions The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is increased with aging.Hypertension, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, heart failure, hyperthyroidism,diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease and renal failure are all the risk factors for atrial fibrillation.

The dosage-efficacy/toxicity relationship of the 50% alcohol extracts of Polygonum multiflorum was comparatively investigated on either normal or CCl4-induced chronic liver injury rats, by determining the general condition, serum biochemical indices and liver histopathology, coupled with the factor analysis. The dosages were 10 and 20 g raw materials per kg body weight. Compared with the normal control group, the normal high dose group showed significant increases of the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), as well the frequent incidences of inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatic sinus enlargement and fiber stripes formation in histopathological sections. Compared with the model control group, the model low dose group showed significant declines of serum ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bile acid (TBA) (P < 0.05), as well the alleviation of vacuoles of hepatocytes, but no amelioration of the inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous tissue hyperplasia; moreover, the model high dose group showed significant degeneration declines of serum HMGB-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as well the evident alleviation of vacuoles degeneration of hepatocytes, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis degree. The factor analysis showed that the low dosage treatment had almost neither injuring effect on the normal rats nor protective effect on the model rats; while the high dosage treatment showed observable injuring effect on the normal rats, expressed by the significant increases of the factor-1 (HMGB-1, TNF-α and IL-1β as the main contributors) and factor-2 (TBIL, ALT and TBA as the main contributors) relative to the normal control group. The liver protective effect of the high dosage treatment could be observed with the significant reduction of the factor-1, indicating the effective alleviation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, it could illustrated the phenomenon of symptom-based prescription theory of Polygonum multiflorum on rat livers: the high dosage of the herb had either an injuring effect on normal rats, or a therapeutic effect on the rats with chronic liver injury.

Objective:To evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of two new nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), JB25 and JB26, in combination with 3 approved drugs (AZT, EFV, SQV)in vitro.Methods:The serially diluted 10 concentrations of JB25 and JB26 were combined with 7 serially diluted AZT, EFV and SQV respectively.The combination was added to 384 cell culture plates and then cocultured with HIV-1 ⅢB infected MT-2 cells for 3 days. Finally, the HIV-1 production was determined by measuring the expression of reporter genes of TZM bl cells. The data were analyzed by MacSynergy Ⅱ software.Results:The average capacity of synergism/antagonism of JB25 with AZT, EFV and SQV was 244.45/-5.05(nmol/L)~2%, 119.58/-65.93 (nmol/L)~2% and 145.83/-0.32 (nmol/L)~2% respectively;the average capacity of synergism/antagonism of JB26 with AZT, EFV and SQV was 398.90/0(nmol/L)~2%, 103.62/-0.49(nmol/L)~2% and 138.473/-0.27 (nmol/L)~2% respectively. Conclusion:Two new NNRTIs JB25 and JB26 develop synergism when combined with 3 approved drugs, respectively. MacSynergy Ⅱ software could evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of drug combination.

Objective To explore the impact of 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)staging system alteration for stage Ⅰ endometrioid adenocarcinoma on its' prognosis assessing.Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 244 cases with endometrial carcinoma admitted in Peking University People's Hospital from Jan.1995 to Feb.2008.Results(1)All 244 patients were divided into FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group(n =200)and FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group(n =44)according to FIGO 2009 staging system,while they were divided into FIGO 1988 Ⅰ a group(n =34),FIGO 1988 Ⅰ b group(n =156)and FIGO 1988 Ⅰ c group(n =29).The others 25 cases were stage Ⅱ a(n =16)and stage Ⅲa with merely positive abdominal cytology(n =9)according to FIGO 1988 staging system.(2)The higher percentage of low-grade in FIGO 1988 Ⅰ a group than that in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group(P =0.003).Compared with FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group,the age of the patients,surgery extent,the percentage of lymph node excision and received chemotherapy and radiotherapy,there were no difference in FIGO 1988 Ⅰ a and Ⅰ b group,respectively(P ＞ 0.05).There were 5.9％(2/34)and 6.7％(10/150)found relapse among FIGO 1988 Ⅰ a group and FIGO 1988 Ⅰ b group,and there were 2.9％(1/34)and 2.7％(4/150)for the two groups died of carcinoma.Compared with FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group,there were not significant difference[7.5％(13/200)vs.3.0％(6/200);P ＞0.05].The 5 years and 10 years progression-free survival(PFS)of FIGO 1988 Ⅰ a group and Ⅰ b group were(97.0 ±3.0)％,(90.9 ±6.5)％ and(95.3 ±2.1)％,(90.2 ± 3.6)％,respectively,in which there were not significant difference compared with that in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group[(96.1 ±1.6)％,(89.6±3.2)％ ; P＞0.05].The 5 years and 10 years overall survival(OS)in FIGO 1988 Ⅰ a group and Ⅰ b group were 100％,(93.8 ±6.0)％ and(96.9 ± 1.8)％,(95.2 ±2.5)％,respectively,in which there were did not significant difference with that in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group [(97.9 ± 1.2)％,(93.4 ± 2.8)％ ; P ＞ 0.05].(3)There were not significant difference between FIGO 1988 Ⅰ c group and FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group(P ＞0.05)for the age of the patients,grade,surgery extent,lymph node excision,the percentage of received chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Between FIGO 1988 Ⅰ c group and FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group,there were 3.4％(1/29)and 6.8％(3/44)cases found relapse,respectively.And there were 0 and 2.3％(1/44)cases died of carcinoma in the two groups,in which there were not differ much either(P ＞ O.05).The 5 years and 10 years PFS in FIGO 1988 Ⅰ c group were all 100％,while they were 100％ and(90.9 ±6.2)％ in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group.The 5 years and 10 years OS in FIGO 1988 Ⅰ c group were all 100％,but were 100％ and(95.0 ±4.9)％ in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group,in which they all did not significantly differ much(P ＞ 0.05).(4)The patients in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group were younger than those in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group(P ＜ 0.01).The percentage of low grade in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group were higher than that in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group(P =0.029).The percentages of received chemotherapy and radiotherapy in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group were lower than that in FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group remarkably(P ＜ 0.01).But there were not significant difference in the uterine excision extent and the percentage of lymph node excision between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).There were not significantly differ in the relapse rates and the death rates between the FIGO 2009 Ⅰ a group and FIGO 2009 Ⅰ b group(P ＞0.05).There were also not significant difference in PFS and OS between the two groups(P ＞0.05).Conclusions There were not significant difference in the prognosis between FIGO 2009 stage Ⅰ a and FIGO 1988 stage Ⅰ a and Ⅰ b.There were also not significant difference in the prognosis between FIGO 2009 stage Ⅰ a and FIGO 2009 stage Ⅰ b,which may be due to received more chemotherapy and radiotherapy in FIGO 2009 stage Ⅰ b patients.

Objective:To explore the amplitude of normal kidney motion in the 3D direction and its influencing factors under free-breathing condition.Methods:Clinical data of 28 patients with a KPS score≥80 who received 4D CT scan from March 2018 to March 2019 were collected. All patients were diagnosed with liver, pancreatic or lung tumors. The kidney was outlined and the geometric center and 3D coordinate values were recorded. The motion of bilateral kidneys in each direction and the 3D direction was calculated. The volume of kidney and surrounding organs, age, sex, height and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Clinical data were statistically compared by t-test or nonparametric test. Results:The motion of the left and right kidneys in the the sup-inf (SI) direction were the largest up to (8.39±3.18) mm and (7.71±3.55) mm. The motion amplitudes of bilateral kidneys in male patients were significantly larger than those of the female counterparts in the left-right (LR), SI and 3D directions (all P<0.05). The motion amplitudes of bilateral kidneys in patients taller than 165 cm were significantly larger than those of their counterparts with a height of ≤165 cm (all P<0.05). Patients with a BMI≥25 kg/m 2 had significantly larger motion amplitudes of the left kidney in the LR and ant-post (AP) directions compared with those of normal weight counterparts (all P<0.05). The motion amplitude of the left kidney in the AP direction in patients with the left kidney volume of >180 cm 3 was significantly larger than that of patients with smaller left kidney volume ( P=0.014). Age was not significantly associated with kidney motion in each direction ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Kidney motion mainly occurs in the SI direction. The kidney motion amplitudes in male and taller patients are larger. Special attention should be paid to the use of breath motion control device to decrease the normal tissue damage.