Objective To find the characteristics of stress distribution on condyle during different vertical distances of edentulous jaw.Methods Three dimensional finite element models of the mandible and temporomandibular joint were established with the complete dentures in different heights by helix-CT scanned transverse sections.The stress distribution of the condyle was analyzed under load.Results The compressive stress and tensile stress coexisted on the whole condyle with the different vertical distances.The trend of distribution was consistent practically,but the stress presented a large difference on different locum.With the decrease of the vertical distance(from H-2 to H-6),the stress presented a decreasing trend but an increasing trend at H-8.Conclusion Changes in the vertical distance produce different effects of stress on edentulous jaw under the same load.

Objective To investigate changes of serum levels of interleukin(IL)-4,-6,-8 and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),and probe their clinical significance in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP)/ HenochSchonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN).Methods Serum levels of IL-4,-6,-8 and TNF-? of 45 children with HSP/HSPN and 43 healthy children were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),changes and correlation between the aforementioned cytokines in children with HSP /HSPN were analyzed.Results 1.Serum levels of IL-4,-6,-8 and TNF-? of children with HSP were higher than those of control group(P0.05);The serum level of TNF-? was positively correlated to the serum levels of IL-6,-8 of patients with HSP(r=0.670 P

Setting up the chief teacher to be fully responsible for the medical course teaching is an explorative idea.It is necessary for the construction of medical teachers,integration of medicine courses and capacity building of young teachers.A qualified chief teacher should be a professional teacher with enough academic prestige and some management experience.Chief teachers will play important roles in the overall course teaching process,including organizing the teaching team,developing the objectives,plans,guidelines of the course and supervising the execution teaching program.The author also propose that the chief teacher responsibility system should be put into the medical course teaching practice which will improve the course teaching quality and make contributions to training excellent medical personnel.

Objective To explore the value of Gadofluorine M,a novel M RI enhancement agent,in the diagnosis the early radiation brain injury.Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups.To establish the radiation injury model,the rat's posterior brain was irradiated with 0(blank controls),25,35,45,55,and 65 Gy,respectively.After irradiation MR plain scanning and Gadofluorine M enhancement scanning (after the T1WI and T2WI scanning Gf at the dosage of 0.1 mmol/kg was injected intravenously and scanning was performed again 12 h later) were performed once a week for 8 weeks.Another 12 rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to exposure to 55 and 65Gy,respectively,and MR scanning was performed once a week for 8 weeks since the third week after MR.After T1WI and T2WI scanning Gd-DTPA was injected intravenously,MR was conducted again 30 min later,and Gf was injected intravenously (Gd-DTPAenhancement and Gf enhancement contrast).The MR image and the pixel count were compared.Since the third week 2 rats from the Gf enhancement scanning group and 1 rat from the Gd-DTPA enhancement and Gf enhancement contrast were killed after MR with their brains taken out to undergo pathological examination.Results No abnormal signal changes were found in MRI in 25 and 35 Gy groups within 2 months after irradiation.A high signal in the Gf enhancement T1 WI image was found in 45,55,and 65 Gy groups within the period of 4-6 weeks after radiation.The signal intensity was significantly higher than that of the control,25,and 35 Gy groups(F =2.15,P <0.05).The emerge time of this signal was negatively correlated with the dose of radiation(r =-0.62,P < 0.05).When there was no obvious change was found by Gd-DTPA enhancement,a high signal representing change of injury could be found in Gf enhancement in the same rat.The signal intensity was significantly enhanced in Gf enhancement compared to the Gd-DTPA enhancement (F = 2.74,P <0.01).Histopathology examination of the 65 Gy group showed frosted degeneration in part of the region,however,no obvious necrotic damage was found in other groups.Conclusions The Gf enhancement change appears before histopathological changes,it helps discover early radiation injury in brain.Compared to the regular MRI and Gd-DTPA enhancement,Gadofluorine M enhancement has obvious advantage and is worth further research and application.

Objective To investigate the impact of initial dialysis dose on residual renal function of peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Clinical data of 178 consecutive patients on initial peritoneal dialysis received follow-up for 3 months in our department were analyzed retrospectively. According to urinary volume after peritoneal dialysis, patients were divided into three groups: lower urine group (LU, n=97), decreased urine group (DU, n=19), and normal urine group (NU, n=62). Their dialysate volume, dialysate glucose content, uhrafiltration, weekly renal urea clearance normalized to total body water (Kt/V), body weight, edema degree and daily urinary volume were recorded and association among these parameters were examined. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, serum albumin and total Kt/V among three groups. One month after dialysis, body weight and edema degree in DU group were significantly higher than those in LU and NU groups (all P<0.05); the dialysate volume, dialysate glucose content, ultrafiltration and renal Kt/V in DU group were significantly higher than those in LU group (all P<0.05), but were not significantly different from NU group. Three months after dialysis, in DU group, dialysate volume, ultrafiltration and urinary volume decreased significantly (P<0.05) as compared with LU and NU groups, but body weight and edema degree were still higher, and Kt/V decreased significantly as well. Conclusions The residual renal function (urinary volume and Kt/V value) of initial patients will be deteriorated by over ultrafihration in early stage of peritoneal dialysis. Excess uhrafiltration should be avoided for the initial peritoneal dialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the changes in blood coagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children of different ages undergoing open heart surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease.Methods Sixty children with cyanotic congenital heart disease undergoing open heart surgery under CPB were divided into 3 age groups: Group A(age≤12 mort, n=25), Group B (12mon＜age≤24 mon, n= 17) and Group C (24 mon＜ age＜4 yr, n=18). Venous blood samples were taken immediately after induction of anesthesia(T1) and at 10 min after protamine administration (T2)for determination of activated coagulation time (SonACT), clot rate and platelet function (PF) using Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer-type DP2951 (Sieuco Co., USA).Results There was significant difference in SonACT, clot rate and PF at T1 among the 3 groups: the SonACT was significantly shorter in Groups B and C than in Group A, the clot rate was significantly higher in Group B than in Group C, and the PF was significantly lower in Group C than in Group A. At T2 , the SonACT was significantly prolonged in all 3 groups, the clot rate was significantly decreased in Groups A and B, and the PF was significantly decreased in Group A.Conclusion There are significant differences in blood coagulation and PF among the 3 different age groups of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease after induction of anesthesia and CPB has different effects on their blood coagulation and PF.

Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of primary osteoporosis syndrome types from the perspective of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) , thus to reveal the nature of osteoporosis and its traditional Chinese medical syndrome types. Methods A total of 210 osteoporosis women patients meeting the diagnostic criteria, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were collected from July of 2011 to October of 2013. The osteoporosis patients were differentiated into the syndrome types of yin deficiency of liver and kidney ( N=67) , yang deficiency of spleen and kidney ( N=70) and qi stagnation and blood stasis ( N=73) . And a total of 69 age-matched post-menopause non-osteoporosis patients were chosen as the control group, which were classified into the syndrome of harmony of Qi and blood. The peripheral blood was sampled for detecting mtDNA copy number with fluorescent quantitatitation PCR and for examining 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Statistical methods was used to analyze the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) with mtDNA copy number and 8-OHdG content in different groups. Results The difference of mtDNA copy number was significant between the osteoporosis patients and non-osteoporosis patients (P<0.05), and was also significant among the three syndrome types of osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) . And 8-OHdG content showed the same features between the osteoporosis patients and non-osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) and among the three syndrome types of osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) . The correlation analysis results showed that mtDNA copy number was positively correlated with BMD, while 8-OHdG was negatively correlated with BMD in each group. Conclusion The mtDNA copy number and 8-OHdG content are correlated with the syndrome types of primary osteoporosis patients, and close correlation is shown between spleen-kidney yang deficiency and 8-OHdG, and between liver-kidney yin deficiency and mtDNA copy number.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of laterally spreading tumors (LST).MethodsESD was applied to remove 32 colorectal LSTs larger than 2 cm.The characteristics of the tumors and clinical results including en bloc resection rate,procedure time,complication and recttrrence rates were retrospectively evaluated.Results The lesions ranged from 2.5 cm to 8.0 cm,with a mean diameter of 4.1 ± 2.1 cm.En bloc resection wasachieved in 29 patients (90.6％ ) with a mean operation time of 75.7 ±66.0 min.Immediate arerial bleeding occurred in 5 ( 15.6％ ) cases but was stopped successfully by clips or coagulations.Late bleeding occurred in 2 ( 6.2％ ) and perforations in 3 (9.4％ ),which were closed successfully by clips without surgery.Pathological diagnosis revealed low-grade intraepithelial dysplasia in 19 (59.4％ ),high-grade intraepithelial dysplasia in 6 ( 18.8％ ),and carcinomas in 7 (21.9％).The lesions were restricted in mucosal layer in 25 (78.1％ ),infiltrating into sm1 layer in 5 ( 15.6％ ) and sm2 layer in 2 (6.2％ ),and the later 2 were referred to surgery.Twenty patients were followed up for 3-12 months,and no local recurrence was found..ConclusionESD was an effective and safe therapy for colorectal LST larger than 2 cm.

Objective To study the protein expression profiles in stegnotic and normal segment of Hirschspning disease (HD) and find the differentially expressed proteins. Methods Immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to isolate the proteins from stegnotic and normal segment of HD. After the samples were treated with silver staining,ImageMaster 2D Platinum analysis software was used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins. Results Repeatable 2-DE profiles were obtained. The mean matching rates of the stegnotic and normal mucosa were 78.1% and 86.7%,respectively. Totally, 103 spots of differentially expressed proteins were screened out between the stegnotic and the normal segment of HD. Conclusion Good reproduuibility and resolution could be obtained in the tissues of HD by applying immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Screened differentially expressed proteins may provide the candidates of the markers for early detection of HD.