Objective: To investigate the changes of oxygen metabolic parameters and blood glucose concentrations during perioperative period of orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods: The blood gas, cardiac index (CI), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), oxygen delivery (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2), oxygen extraction rate (O2ER), and arterial blood glucose were measured at defined time points (before anesthesia induction, 30 min before anhepatic period, 5 min after anhepatic period, 30 min after anhepatic period, 5 min of neohepatic period, 30 min of neohepatic period, and postoperation) in 50 patients receiving liver transplantation. Results: Compared with those before anesthesia induction, no significant changes in CI, SvO2, DO2, VO2, and O2ER were found in pre-anhepatic period. CI, VO2, and DO2 decreased significantly at the early 5 min of the anhepatic period (P<0.05); VO2, DO2, and O2ER decreased significantly at the 30 min of the anhepatic stage (P<0.05). SvO2, DO2, and VO2 increased, but O2ER decreased significantly at the early 5 min of the neohepatic stage (P<0.05). DO2, VO2, and O2ER increased significantly at the 30 min of the neohepatic stage (P<0.05). During preanhepatic stage the blood glucose levels increased progressively but were lower than those during anhepatic stage. During neohepatic stage, blood glucose decreased abruptly but was still higher than the normal level (P<0.05). Conclusion: It suggests that serious imbalance of oxygen metabolism exists during liver transplantation, especially in anhepatic and early neohepatic stages. Blood glucose increases during the preanhepatic stage, reaches the peak during the anhepatic stage, and then decreases gradually.

Objective To study the role of extra-anatomic arterial bypass grafting in the management of aorta-iliac occlusive disease. Methods Forty-one cases of aorta-iliac occlusive disease managed by extra-anatomic arterial bypass grafting were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features included claudicafion 11, resting pain 12 and ulcer/gangrene 18 patients. Axillofemoral bypass was performed in 15 cases with aortic and bilateral iliac artery occlusion, femorofemoral bypass in 18 cases with unilateral iliac occlusion and femoro-cnntralateral popliteal bypass in 8 cases with iliac and ipsilateral femoral artery occlusion. Results Postoperatively, clinical features were reheved in 40 cases (97.6%). Ankle brachial index increased significandy from 0.41 ± 0.15 to 0.89 ± 0.21 perioperatively (P < 0.05 ).Thirty-five cases were followed up for 1 year to 5 years. The overall graft patency rates in this series were 93%, 86% and 80% in 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Conclusion Extra-anatomic arterial bypass has merits as less invasive and rapid postoperative recovery, and this is one of the effective methods for the treatment of aorta-iliac occlusive disease.

Objective To investigate the amino acid patterns in penicillin-binding protein 2(PBP2)in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxonc.and the relationship between the amino acid patterns and reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility.Methods DNA was extracted from 13 clinical isolates of N.gonorrhoeae.including 11 strains with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone and 2 sensitive isolates.The full-length penA gene encoding the penicillin-binding protein 2 was amplified and sequenced.BLASTn and BLASTx programs were used to assess the insertion and substitution patterns of nucleotides in penA gene and of amino acids in PBP2,respectively.Results BLASTn analysis revealed insertion or substitution of 18-38 nucleotides in the penA gene of gonococcal isolates with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility.As shown by BLASTX analysis.there were five patterns of amino acid substitution or insertion in PBP2 of the 11 isolates with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility.However.mosaic structure of PBP2 was not found in any of these isolates.Conclusion Mosaic PBP2 seems not to be the major factor contributing to the decrease in susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone.

Chromosomal integration enables stable phenotype and therefore has become an important strategy for breeding of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. pAUR135 is a plasmid that enables recycling use of antibiotic selection marker, and once attached with designated homologous sequences, integration vector for stable expression can be constructed. Development of S. cerevisiae strains by metabolic engineering normally demands overexpression of multiple genes, and employing pAUR135 plasmid, it is possible to construct S. cerevisiae strains by combinational integration of multiple genes in multiple sites, which results in different ratios of expressions of these genes. Xylose utilization pathway was taken as an example, with three pAUR135-based plasmids carrying three xylose assimilation genes constructed in this study. The three genes were sequentially integrated on the chromosome of S. cerevisiae by combinational integration. Xylose utilization rate was improved 24.4%-35.5% in the combinational integration strain comparing with that of the control strain with all the three genes integrated in one location. Strain improvement achieved by combinational integration is a novel method to manipulate multiple genes for genetic engineering of S. cerevisiae, and the recombinant strains are free of foreign sequences and selection markers. In addition, stable phenotype can be maintained, which is important for breeding of industrial strains. Therefore, combinational integration employing pAUR135 is a novel method for metabolic engineering of industrial S. cerevisiae strains.
Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Metabolic Engineering ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; Xylose ; metabolism

Three new compounds, including a naphthoquinone, a reduced naphthoquinone derivative naphthalenone, and a tricarboxylic acid, along with five known naphthalenone derivatives were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of rice fermentation products of the fungus Pleosporales sp. by multiple column chromatographic methods, including Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase HPLC, and chiral chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by MS, NMR, and specific rotation spectroscopic analyses as well as ECD calculations. Three novel compounds were named as pleospathone A (1), pleospathone B (2), and pleosporalic acid A (3). Five known compounds were separately identified as (3S,4R)-3,4,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (4), (4R)-3,4-dihydro-4,6,8-trihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone (5), (-)-scytalone (6), (3S,4S)-3,4-dihydro-3,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone (7), and cis-4-hydroxyscytalone (8). Compounds 4-8 were isolated from the Pleosporales fungi for the first time. Compound 1 shows inhibitory activities against human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa and murine leukemia cell line P388 with the IC₅₀ values of 78.93 and 98.80 μmol·L^-1, respectively.

Objective To clone and express of Rv0091 encoding protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis,identify and characterize of the enzyme activities.Methods Construct the Rv0091 prokaryotic expression plasmid,the vector was transformed into E.coli strain BL21trxB.After induced by IPTG,recombinant protein was purified by Ni2+-NTA chromatography and analyzed for purity by SDS-PAGE gels stained with Coomassie Blue.Immunological activity was identified by Western blot.The recombinant protein molecular weight was identified by Mass spectrometry.The enzyme-coupled assay detectes enzyme activity.Results The expression plasmid pET32a-Rv0091 was constructed and expressed in E.coli.BL21trxB,and the optimum expression system was conformed.The purity of the recombinant protein was more than 95％.Western blot analysis confirmed that recombinant protein was one of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins.Mass spectrometry identified the relative molecular weight and theoretical molecular weight was basically the same.Enzyme assay showed the recombinant protein able to catalyze the substrate MTA.Enzymatic properties showed that the optimal buffer for the phosphate and Hepes buffer,the poor thermal stability of the enzyme,the optimal temperature of 37℃,optimal pH10-12,when the pH ≤7,the protein denaturation and loss of some vitality.Conclusion The recombinant protein methylthioadenosine nucleosidase(MTAN) was obtained and enzyme activity was detected and plays a key role in the metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The social and behavioral research in promoting human health and the impact on human social relations and structures has been confirmed .With the development of social and behavioral science , the importance of ethics review for the research is also increased .Despite its uniqueness , the basic principles of ethics in social and behavioral research are consistent with other biomedical studies .This paper introduces ethics review points of social and behavioral research from the research design , risk and benefits , informed consent , deception and debriefing , expedited review , exemption of ethics review, privacy and confidentiality .This paper also introduces the relevant experiences from Europe and America giving references for the domestic professionals .

Translational medicine is a systemic project because it is patient and clinical problems oriented, aiming at research results application, and involves multidisciplinary cooperation. Studies on molecular events in the precancerous stage, early stage and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are the CRC hot research topics currently. Investigations on the earliest molecular events can help to find out the markers which may improve the effect of CRC screening and predict CRC liver metastasis and prognosis. Based on the concept of micro environment, molecular targeted drugs to interfere with metastasis and invasion and new concepts of surgical resection margin and neoadjuvant therapy will gain recognition from clinicians.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Translational Medical Research

An improved and practical synthesis of racemic 11-demethylcalanolide A [(±)-1] was developed. This improved process involved Pechmann reaction on phloroglucinol with ethyl butyrylacetate to give 5, 7,-dihydroxy-4-n-propylcoumarin(3). Poly phosphoric acid (PPA) catalyzed acylation of compound(3) with crotonic acid, then intramolecular cyclization was achieved simultaneously in one step to afford the key intermediate chromanone(4). A microwave assisted synthetic method preparing chromene(6) using chromenynation of chromanone(4) with 1, 1-diethoxy-methyl-2-butene was conducted. Luche reduction of chromene(6) using NaBH<,4> with CeCl3·7H2O preferably gave (±)-1. The overall yield of this four step synthesis of (±)-1 was around 32% increasing one fold more than that of the previous method. An in vitro investigation showed that (±)-1 exhibited inhibitory activities against both wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 in HIV-1 RT and cell culture assay, and significant synergistic effects in combination with AZT, T-20, and indinavir. Its LD50 of acute toxicity in mice by intragastric administration and by intraperitoneal injection were 735.65mg·kg-1 and 525.10mg·kg-1, respectively. The C<,max> and AUC<,0-∞> were 0.54μg·mL-1 and 1.08(μg·mL-1)·h, respectively. The dynamics study of the inhibition of mice sera on HIV-1 RT showed that mice treated with 100mg·kg-1 (±)-1 once intraperitoneally were similar to that of 5mg·kg-1 of known clinical effective anti-HIV-1 drug neverapine. The results suggested that further investigation of the anti-HIV candidate (±)-1 was warranted.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; pathology ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; pathology ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery