Objective To explore the effective molecular mechanism of PPAR-γligands rosiglitazone to biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury in autologous liver transplantation. Method A total of 40 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group (SO), ischemia - reperfusion group (Ⅰ/R), rosiglitazone (ROS) and GW9662 group, with 10 ones in each. The models, rat biliary ischemiareperfusion injury of autologous liver transplantation, were made by modified two-cuff technique. Tissues of the liver and bile ducts and blood of those models were evaluated by pathological and biochemical methods to make sure the models were made successfully or not. SO group suffered autologous orthotopic liver transplantation, and L/R group suffered both that and ischemia-reperfusion. ROS group were injected rosiglitazone (0.3mg/kg) via portal vein after having been done all as I/R. GW9662 group suffered all as ROS, and 10min later ,they were injected GW9662(0.3mg/kg) via portal vein. 4h after the experiment, tissues of livers and bilary ducts were taken to be tested by immunohistochemistry method, and the blood punctured from the right ventricular were taken to be determined by ELISA. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and bile duct cells,while NF-κB was expressed both in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Expression of those proteins in L/R and GW9662 group was increased, significantly higher when compared to the SO and ROS (P ＜ 0.05). IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in rat serum were simultaneously increased, and significantly higher than SO(P ＜0.05).Compared with the SO, expressions of the IL-1 β,TNF-α and IL-6 were not significantly changed in ROS (P＞ 0.05 )but significantly increased in GW9662. Conclusions PPAR-γ ligand rosiglitazone took protective role in biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury in autologous liver transplantation. The mechanism correlates with the release of the IL-lα, IL-1β and TNF-α and other inflammatory mediators, which decreased as the expression of NF-κB inhibited by its antagonist.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture plus moxibustion in treating infantile cerebral palsy. Method Eighty eligible patients with infantile cerebral palsy were randomized into a treatment group of 42 cases and a control group of 38 cases. The control group was intervened by physiotherapy (PT), while the treatment group was given electroacupuncture at scalp acupoints, body acupuncture, and moxibustion along the Governor Vessel in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The two groups were treated once a day, 6 months in total. The comprehensive ability and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) were evaluated before and after the interventions in the two groups, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result After 6-month treatment, the total effective rate was 92.9% in the treatment group versus 78.9% in the control group, and the total effective rate of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group (P<0.05). The motor function and activities of daily living were significantly improved in both groups after the interventions (P<0.05,P<0.01); after the treatment, there were significant differences in comparing the motor function and activities of daily living between the two groups (P<0.05). The GMFM scores of each domain were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05); after the treatment, there were significant differences in comparing the GMFM scores of each domain between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with being used alone, conventional PT can more significantly benefit the improvement of motor function of cerebral palsy patients when electroacupuncture and moxibustion were added.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the construction and development of hospital modernization pharmacy in Chi-na,and to promote the application of pharmacy automation system in hospital. METHODS:By introducing the change of pharma-cy management due to the debugging and application of outpatient pharmacy automation system(rapid dispensing machine,intelli-gent access machine)in our hospital,the problems of automation system and countermeasures were put forward,and the effects of automation system in our hospital were evaluated. RESULTS:With the application of automation system,the pharmacy layout was adjusted,the drugs in the machine was debugged and optimized,the procedure on adding drugs and stocktaking drugs were im-proved,the reasonable scheduling work in outpatient pharmacy was worked,the complete management plan on validity of drugs was established;referring to the problems of automation system,the procedures of adding drugs by rapid dispensing machine and intelligent access machine were formulated as well as related working guide. The adding and delivering drug failure emergency han-dling procedure of rapid dispensing machine,intelligent access machine failure emergency handling procedure were formulated ac-cording to the possible fault of automation system. Related index evaluation showed that automation system was applied and continu-ously improved,which reduced labor intensity(step count of pharmacists adding drug decreased from 5 634.6 steps/day to 4 087.8 steps/day);the work efficiency was improved greatly(the number of prescriptions increased from 226.55 sheets/h to 311.55 sheets/h during rush hours);the work error was reduced(the number of dispensing internal error decreased from 54.75 items/week to 21.50 items/week). CONCLUSIONS:After appling the automation system in outpatient pharmacy,the drug dispensing and staff manage-ment has been standardized,and it become the hospital pharmacy development inevitable trend. But it is suggested to adjust and op-timize the automation system continuously so as to exert its maximal efficacy.

Amoxicillin ; adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency ; chemically induced

In this paper , the causes of patients in emergency ICU were analyzed .The authors used classical theory of ethics to illuminate and put forward the ethical principles that both doctors and patients should follow and the conception of patients′moderate right , as well as the relevant suggestions and strategies , with the aim to make the application of emergency ICU medical resources more reasonable and make the treatment and cure of the emer -gency and critical patients more conform to the requirement of the ethics .

“Multi-component Chinese medicine” was derived from effective clinical prescriptions, which is similar to natural medicines, and its form is similar to the fixed-dose compounds. The adaptable indications mainly cast chronic, intractable, and complex diseases. Its research targets of pharmacology mostly are diseases, symptoms or pathological process. Vivo and vitro experiments can be used in its researches. Its dose-effect relationship mostly shows non-linear relationship, and three elements (dose, efficacy and syndrome) are involved. However, the comprehensive evaluation method is still in the exploratory stag. In the safety evaluation, there were few general pharmacological researches, and the basis of toxicity and the relationship between amount and toxicity need further study. In combined optimization aspect, including identification of components and component ratio optimization, many methods have been developed, but it still needs to be developed in theory and systemic integration. Pharmacological mechanism researches focus on the multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-pharmacodynamics aspects, combined with new ideas and new technologies, such as systems biology, network pharmacology, etc. But as multi-component medicine, it should also be studied about the correspondence and network relationships of component and target, with a purpose to explain the contribution of each component in overall mechanism.

BACKGROUND:Alterations in secondary hemodynamics around the stent edge can be caused by stent planted. Is there different effect of shear stress on platelet growth factors-A, B (PDGF-A, B) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) of endothelial cells around stent edge after stent planted?OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of shear stress on growth factors of endothelial cells around stent edge.DESIGN: Observational comparative study.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College; Laboratory of Biomechanics (National Laboratory), Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Biomechanics, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from April to October 2006. The main reagents were detailed as follows: trypsin (Hyclon Company); M-199 medium (Gibco BRL Company); fetal bovine serum (Hangzhou Sijiqing Bioengineering Material Institute); aFGF, Heparin and Hepes (Sigma Company); thymide, Ⅷ factor monoclonal antibody (Rabbit anti-human),biotinylated horse anti-rabbit IgG and propidium lodide (Sigma Company); neonate belly band (Delivery Room of Shanghai the Fifth People's Hospital); trizol (Invitrogene Company); reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit (Fermentas Company); penicillin/streptomycin (AB/M), objective gene primer (Shanghai Bioengineering Company).METHODS: Traditional parallel-plate streaming cavity was modified into rectangular and gradient shear stress models;while static group was established at the same time. Two shear stress groups were subjected to 11.37 dyne/cm2 and 5.66-14.38 dyne/cm2 shear stress, respectively for 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of PDGF-A, B and bFGF mRNA of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) were measured by RT-PCR at different time points.RESULTS: Compared with static group, the maximal expression of PDGF-A, B and bFGF mRNA was reached peak at 3 hours in gradient shear stress group and this level of PDGF-A mRNA expression remained till 12 hours. in rectangle shear stress group, the peak value of mRNA expression of these growth factors was all reached at 6 hours, and then gradually decreased.CONCLUSION: Over-expressions of PDGF-A, B and bFGF induced by gradientshear stress after stent planted may play an important role in stent restenosis through intimal hyperplasia.

Objective To investigate the effect of immunocompetent cells and immune regulator on the apoptosis of human mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) and on mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1. Methods MSCs were cultured by density gradient centrifugation and then identified by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect HO-1 mRNA expression and flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis after the stimulation of IFN-? and PHA-activated T cells. Results The mRNA expression of Heme oxygenase-1 was observed in MSCs and decreased after the stimulation of IFN-? and activated T cells. IFN-?,znpp-Ⅸ and combined these two caused obvious cell apoptosis in MSCs,with an apoptotic rate of ( 56. 50 ? 0. 16) % ,( 56. 85 ? 2. 27) % ,and ( 82. 53 ? 2. 65) % respectively. All of them had a significant difference compared with the normal MSCs [( 7. 56 ? 1. 43) % ,P

Objective: To investigate whether Vigconic VI-28 capsule, a formulated traditional Chinese medicine containing radix Ginseng, cornu cervi pantotrichum and semen cuscutae, can assist tumor chemotherapy in a mouse model. Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice were s. c. injected with viable Lewis lung cancer ( LLC) cells (106 cells/mouse) . The mice were then treated with cyclosposphamide (Cyp, 40 mg/kg bodyweight, once every other day). One group was intra-gastrically given 2% VI-28 (0.5 ml/mouse, every other day) during the course of the chemotherapy. By day 28, the mice were sacrificed and their thymic indices and tumor indices were calculated and compared. Splenocytes were collected for analysis of their immunological status. Histological study was carried to examine the solid tumors. Results: Fourteen days after the injection of LLC cells, solid tumors developed in most of the animals, reaching 1 ~ 1.8 cm diameters by 28 th day Compared with mice of the LCC + Cyp group, thymus glands from the LLC + Cyp + VI-28 group were significantly heavier. Splenocytes of the same group responded better to ConA stimulation in vitro. Histochemical examination of the tumor tissues revealed that tumors of the Cyp + VI-28 group were better differentiated (less aggressive) than that of the Cyp group. Conclusion: Vigconic VI-28 capsule can promote recovery of immune system in mice undergoing chemotherapy and help Cyp to control the growth of tumor cells in vivo.

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of aldosterone escape in patients with non-diabetic nephropathy by RASI-therapy. Methods A total of 104 patients with non-diabetic nephropathy were treated with ARB or combination therapy of ACEI and ARB in a mean follow-up period of 12 months. Aldosterone escape was determined according to the change of plasma aldosterone concentration before and after treatment during 6-month and 12-month ACEI/ARB treatment, while the influencing factors of aldosterone escape in patients with non-diabetic nephropathy was also analyzed after therapy with RASI . Results In 12 months, the incidence of aldosterone escape was significantly higher than that in 6 months (26.92% vs. 14.42%, P = 0.007). After 12-month treatment, the difference was statistically significant in incidence of aldosterone escape among different stages of CKD (P = 0.027). Compared with 6-month incidence of aldosterone escape in the losartan group, 12-month incidence increased evidently (P = 0.020). The Ald level was positively correlated with urinary protein excretion and the Scr level (r = 0.431, P = 0.003 and r = 0.336, P = 0.009, respectively), and negetively correlated with levels of the eGFR (r = -0.275, P = 0.006). Univariate Logistic regression demonstrated that risk factors of aldosterone escape included pre-treatment values of the urinary protein excretion (OR = 3.671, P = 0.028) and the eGFR (OR = 0.972, P = 0.019). Multivariate Logistic model revealed pre-treatment values of the eGFR was positively associated with aldosterone escape (OR = 0.970, P = 0.012). Conclusion The incidence of the aldosterone escape increases along with the time of treatment. Renal function has correlated with aldosterone escape and pre-treatment value of the eGFR is an independent risk factor of aldosterone escape.