Acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) is an important enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism. Studies concerning the relationship between aSMase and tumor are relatively rare. However, the relationship between aSMase and the development and progression of tumors has already been demonstrated in previously published research. In this review, the mechanism of aSMase activation and the role of aSMase in the development and progression of tumors as well as its application value are summarized. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

[Objective]To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of upper-middle thoracic fractures with spinal cord injury.[Method]Forty patients with upper-middle thoracic fracture were retrospectively reviewed.Hanley-Eskay classification was used:compression fractures in 4,burst fractures in 11,fracture-dislocations in 23,and burst dislocation in 2 cases.Neurologicall function(according to the ASIA classification):A in 29,B in 3,C in 4,D in 0,and E for 4 cases.Four cases without spinal cord injury received conservative treatment.Thity-six cases with spinal cord injury underwent laminectomy and reduction followed by posterior fusion with bone graft and pedicular screw instrumentation.All 36 cases received early rehabilitation.[Result]All 40 cases were evaluated clinically,radiographically,and functionally during the follow-up(mean,32 months).Conservative group:one case developed delayed kyphosis deformity with neurological deficit and underwent anterior-posterior surgical treatment 16 months tater.Surgical group:the correction in 3 patients was not complete on radiographs after operation.No loose screw or breakage was found,and the grafted bone was completely fused.Among the patients with spinal cord injury,one case in ASIA A improved to ASIA B,one case in ASIA B improved to ASIA C,two cases in ASIA C improved to ASIA D.All of the 4 cases with hemorrhage less than 4 mm(MIRI) increased 1 grade of ASIA.Activities of daily living(ADL)scores were increased (average,22.53?6.25)at early rehabilitation in all cases.[Conclusion]The upper-middle thoracic fractures are involved in multipla spine vertebral levels,high dislocation incidence,serious spinal cord injury(most cases were complete injury),poor prognosis.Presence of hemorrhage less than 4 mm (MRI) was associated with good prognosis.Posterior approach decompression and reduction followed by fusion with bone grafting and pedicle screws instrumentation are ideal surgical methods for patients with fresh fractures.Early rehabilitation may improve daily life ability and prevent complications.

[Objective]To compare the neurological improvement of the patients with spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)after primary treatment including operation via anterior/posterior approach and conservative management,and to discuss about evaluating standard for this kind of patients.[Method]Eighty adult cervical SCIWORA patients,72 males and 8 females with an average age of 52.7 years(34 to 74 years)and a follow up period of 53 weeks (48 to 60 weeks),were retrospectively studied. They were divided into the anterior operated,posterior operated and conservative treated groups. The motor and sensory scores and impairment scale of each patient were obtained at least three times by international standard for the neurological classification of spinal cord injury (ASIA standard),and those of their first and final visits to the hospital were retrieved and analyzed. Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test were used in statistic study.[Result]All the patients achieved an average increase of 2 to 5 points of motor scores (P

Objective To investigate the hygienic quality of drinking water in rural areas of Xiamen and to provide scientific bases for the improvement of drinking water quality and protection of human health.Methods The well water samples were sampled randomly according to the proportion and the water quality was analysed and the incidences of water-borne diseases were investigated in Xiamen rural areas.Results Water sources for drinking water in most parts of Xiamen rural areas are shallow-layer ground-water.As being polluted by surface ranoff water,the indices of total bacte-rial count and coliform bacteria in the well water were heavily over the standard with the over standard rates61.6%and85.1%respectively.The contents of fluoride in drinking water were at the higher levels(the highest one was1.6mg /L)in some villages and still there were more villages where the iodine contents in drinking water was at the lower level.The iodine content in well water,spring water and tap water was11.1,2.5and4.45?g /L respectively,in which the unqualified rate was48.3%,90%and58.1%respectively.The incidence of dental fluorosis in school-age children was70%in the high fluoride areas and the incidence of endemic goiter was20.9%in the low iodine areas.Conclu-sion The main hygienic problem of drinking water in rural areas of Xiamen was biological pollution and lower iodine contents and higher fluoride contents in water in some areas.In order to eliminate the water-borne diseases,the most important rural sanitary measures need to be taken:improving the sanitary conditions around the wells,repairing the well wall s and using deep ground-water or drinking water and developing centralized water supply in the areas with unbal-anced health-related microelemeuts in drinking water if possible in some villages.

Objective: To explore the effect of artesunate (Art) on Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway.Methods: Art at different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50 μg·ml-1) was used to treat human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2), and CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation to determine the optimal concentration.Art inhibitor (MK-2206) at different concentrations (0~8 μmol·L-1) was given to LX-2 cells, and a Western Blot method was applied to determine the optimal inhibition concentration.Art, MK-2206 and MK-2206+Art were respectively given to LX-2 cells, and a Western Blot method was used to detect the levels of Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins.Results: CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell survival rate, and the survival rate was 80% after the 24-hour treatment with 25 μg·ml-1 Art.The results of Western Blot showed that MK-2206 at 6 μmol·L-1 could effectively inhibit the expression of p-Akt.Compared with those of the control group, the levels of Akt, p-Akt, p-GSK-3β and β-catenin protein were significantly different (P＜0.05) in Art (25 μg·ml-1) group, MK-2206 (6 μmol·L-1) group and MK-2206 (6 μmol·L-1) + Art (25 μg·ml-1) group.The expression of GSK-3β and Akt in MK-2206+Art group had no significant difference when compared with that in Art group and MK-2206 group (P＞0.05), while the levels of p-Akt, p-GSK-3β and β-catenin were significantly reduced (P＜0.01).Conclusion: Art exhibits the influence on the relative factors in Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway by Akt/β-catenin, subsequently inhibits the cell proliferation and alleviates the liver fibrosis process.

Objective To explore the moves that creating magnetic work environment in hospital, in order to improve the nurses job satisfaction and reduce the turnover rate then stable the nursing team. Methods Through a series of measures such as the establishment of scientific rational allocation of human resources, implementing fair performance evaluation and allocation mechanism, carrying out the nurse grading management system to create magnetic nursing work environment, the nurse job satisfaction and turnover rate were compared before and after the measures. Results In January 2014 a total of 520 questionnaireswere issued, 519 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 99.81%(519/520);And 559 were valid of 577 issued questionnaires, which was 96.88% (559/577). The overall score of nurses′job satisfaction increased from (3.20±0.46) points in 2013 to (3.41±0.52) points in 2014 (t=9.40, P= 0.000); The nurse turnover rate fell to 1.97%(13/661) from 5.13% (30/585) (χ2= 10.27, P= 0.003). Conclusions That is very important for remain stable and high quality nursing team to carry out scientific and fine management according to the demand of nurses, so as to create a safe, harmonious, positive, cooperative magnetic nursing work environment which have development direction and space.

Objective:To analyze therapeutic effect of rosuvastatin on inflammatory factor levels ,insulin resistance (IR) and vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension complicated dyslipidemia .Methods:A total of 136 outpatients with hypertension complicated dyslipidemia were selected .According to random number table ,they were divided and equally into routine treatment group (received routine therapy ) and rosuvastatin group (received rosuvastatin based on routine treatment ) .Serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP) ,interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 , IR and vascular endothelial function were compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results:Com‐pared with before treatment ,there were significant reductions in serum levels of CRP ,IL‐6 and IL‐8 ,homeostasis model‐insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR) and number of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) ,significant rise in in‐sulin sensitivity index (ISI) and flow‐mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD) after treatment , P< 0.05 all . Compared with routine treatment group ,there were significant reductions in serum levels of CRP [ (67.27 ± 7.51) mg/L vs .(37.11 ± 6.32) mg/L] ,IL‐6 [ (87.58 ± 7.21)μg/L vs .(60.17 ± 5.45)μg/L] and IL‐8 [ (121.31 ± 8.57)μg/L vs .(84.44 ± 5.21)μg/L] ,HOMA‐IR [ (3.08 ± 0.51) vs .(2.31 ± 0.47)] and number of EMPs [ (852.18 ± 115.37) /μl vs .(573.29 ± 72.18)/μl] ,and significant rise in ISI [(-4.39 ± 0.61) vs .(-3.42 ± 0.53)] and FMD [ (4.35 ± 0.52)% vs .(5.82 ± 0.69)% ] in rosuvastatin group after treatment ,P<0.05 all .Conclusion:Rosuvasta‐tin could reduce inflammatory factor levels ,relieve insulin resistance and improve vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension complicated dyslipidemia .

Objective To explore the patients satisfaction with participation in medical and nursing decision making and the influencing factors among cancer patients, and to provide a basis for developing better medical care services. Methods Totally 159 cancer patients were recruited from Beijing Cancer Hospital, and then were investigated with the general information questionnaire, the patients′ expectation for participation in clinical decision making scale, the patients′ competence for participation in clinical decision making scale, and the patients′satisfaction with participation in medical and nursing decision making questionnaires. Results The total score of patients′satisfaction with participation in medical and nursing decision making were (45.92±3.91) and (34.25±3.31) respectively. Compared with female patients, male patients had higher satisfaction with medical decision making (46.45±3.24&44.87±4.84) and nursing decision making (34.68 ± 2.93&33.42 ± 3.84) (t=2.416, P=0.017;t=2.275, P=0.024);and compared with melanoma patients, lung cancer patients had higher satisfaction with medical decision making (46.51 ± 2.69&43.33 ± 7.07, P=0.002);compared withⅢstage patients, Ⅳstage patients had higher satisfaction with nursing decision making(34.97±2.24&32.40±4.56, P<0.01). Meanwhile, the satisfaction with participation in decision making was significantly positively associated with patients′ expectation and competence for participation in clinical decision making. Conclusions Patients′satisfaction for decision making may vary from different gender, tumor types, disease stages, and patients′expectation and competence. Health care providers still further strength patients′ knowledge and initiative of decision making, and then improve patients′satisfaction with participation in decision making.

Objective To explore the effects of PP242 on the expression of apoptosis protein Bcl?2 in human lens epithelial cells(HLECs). Meth?ods Immortal HLECs SRA01/04 were cultured and treated with different concentrations of PP242. The cell growth was examined by MTT assay at 24 h and 48 h after PP242 treatment. Real?time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT?PCR)and Western blot were adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl?2 respectively. Results The cultured HLECs SRA01/04 were collected and treated with different concentra?tions(100,250,500,750,1 000,1 500 nmol/L)of PP242. After treatment for 24 h and 48 h,the inhibitory rate in each well was determined by MTT assay. The inhibition rate was as below,24 h:7.55%,9.43%,16.98%,22.64%,26.42%,30.19%;48 h:11.11%,23.81%,36.51%,42.86%, 49.21%,63.49%. Compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the control group(0 nmol/L),the expression of Bcl?2 protein was significantly decreased with the increasing concentrations of PP242(P<0.05),while the expression of Bcl?2 mRNA was inhibited by PP242 based on the results of RT?PCR. Compared with the control group(0 nmol/L),the RT?PCR results of Bcl?2 mRNA were 0.723±0.039,0.517±0.028,0.353±0.052,0.167±0.046,respectively(P<0.05). Conclusion PP242 could inhibit cell proliferation of HLECs in vitro with a concentration and time depended manner. Bcl?2 protein is expressed in HLECs,which could be down regulated by PP242 treatment.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of polypeptide extracts of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker ( ESW) against oxidative aging.Methods Mice were intraperitoneally injected D-galac-tose for consecutive 20 days to establish an aging mouse model.The model mice were administered with different doses of ESW polypeptide (0, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg/d).The normal activity, movement and anti-stress ability of the mice were ob-served.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in blood and different tissues and the content of glutathione ( GSH) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) of the aging mice were assessed by xanthin oxidase activity measurement and spectrophotometry, respectively.The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-re-lated factor 2 (Nrf2) in Caco-2 cells was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Comparing the control and polypep-tide groups, there were significant decreases of body weight gain, organ indexes, anti-stress ability and activity capacity, the activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-PX and the content of GSH, and an increase of the content of MDA in blood and different tissues in the aging mice.With the increasing dose of polypeptide extracts of ESW, the body weight gain, organ indexes of the liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, the static and dynamic exercise time was prolonged in the poly-peptide group, and their abilities of hypoxia tolerance and heat tolerance were close to that of normal controls.The SOD, CAT, GSH-PX activity and GSH level in blood and different tissues were significantly increased, but MDA content de-creased.The expression of Nrf2 in Caco-2 cell nuclei was significantly increased in the polypeptide group, close to that of the positive control group.Conclusions The results of our study show that polypeptide extracts of ESW improve the anti-stress and antioxidative capacity in D-galactose-induced mouse models of oxidative aging by initiating Nrf2-ARE antioxidant signaling pathway, therefore, delay the oxidative aging in mice.