OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy with wire anchor nailing composite double pulley technique in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fracture involving the anterior root of the lateral meniscus (LM). METHODS: Clinical data of 35 patients with ACL tibial avulsion fracture involving the anterior root of the LM admitted between January 2019 and September 2023 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analysed. There were 20 males and 15 females; ages ranged from 10 to 57 years, with a mean of 29 years. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 3 to 20 days, with a mean of 9.6 days. Meyers-McKeever classification included 5 cases of type Ⅱ, 12 cases of type Ⅲ, and 18 cases of type Ⅳ. Preoperative anterior knee instability Lachman test and anterior drawer test were positive. The anterior root of the LM as well as the avulsion fracture block were fixed using suture anchor nails compounded with double pulley technique under arthroscopy. Postoperative X-ray films were performed to assess fracture healing; knee stability was assessed using the anterior drawer test and Lachman test, anterior laxity of the knee was measured by KT-2000, and knee function was assessed using the Lysholm score and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score; at last follow-up, the recovery of the meniscus was assessed using the McMurry test and knee hyperextension test. RESULTS: All the patients were successfully operated, the operation time ranged from 56 to 78 minutes,with an average of 67.6 minutes, and there was no nerve or blood vessel injury during operation. Thirty-five cases were followed up 12-18 months with an average of 15.1 months. During the follow-up, there was no infection, knee stiffness, loosening of internal fixation, fracture displacement, or re-fracture. The fractures all healed, with a clinical healing time of 8-15 weeks, averaging 10.9 weeks. At last follow-up, 4 patients had weakly positive anterior drawer test and Lachman test, and the rest were negative; McMurry test and knee hyperextension test were negative; no patient complained of knee extension pain or straightening obstacles, and all the patients resumed their normal life or sports and labour; 16 patients with unclosed epiphyses did not have any epiphyseal injuries or growth disorders. Lysholm score, IKDC score, and KT-2000 anterior knee laxity at last follow-up significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION The treatment of ACL tibial avulsion fracture involving the anterior root of the LM with suture anchor composite double pulley technique can effectively fix the anterior root of the LM while fixing the avulsion fracture block, and better restore the function and stability of the knee joint.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Fractures, Avulsion/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery* ; Child ; Treatment Outcome ; Suture Anchors ; Menisci, Tibial/surgery* ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries/surgery* ; Bone Nails ; Knee Joint/surgery*

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by fibrous plaque formation in the penile tissue that leads to curvature and complications in advanced stages. In this study, we aimed to compare four injectable induction agents for the establishment of a robust rat model of PD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibrin, sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) combined with TGF-β1, and polidocanol (POL) combined with TGF-β1. The results showed that injection of TGF-β1 or fibrin into the tunica albuginea induced pathological endpoints without causing penile curvature. The STS + TGF-β1 combination resulted in both histological and morphological alterations, but with a high incidence of localized necrosis that led to animal death. The POL + TGF-β1 combination produced pathological changes and curvature comparable to STS + TGF-β1 and led to fewer complications. In conclusion, fibrin, STS + TGF-β1, and POL + TGF-β1 all induced PD with a certain degree of penile curvature and histological fibrosis in rats. The POL + TGF-β1 combination offered comparatively greater safety and clinical relevance and may have the greatest potential for PD research using model rats.
Animals ; Male ; Penile Induration/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrin ; Penis/drug effects* ; Polidocanol/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage* ; Injections

Protrusive facial deformities, characterized by the forward displacement of the teeth and/or jaws beyond the normal range, affect a considerable portion of the population. The manifestations and morphological mechanisms of protrusive facial deformities are complex and diverse, requiring orthodontists to possess a high level of theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the relevant orthodontic field. To further optimize the correction of protrusive facial deformities, this consensus proposes that the morphological mechanisms and diagnosis of protrusive facial deformities should be analyzed and judged from multiple dimensions and factors to accurately formulate treatment plans. It emphasizes the use of orthodontic strategies, including jaw growth modification, tooth extraction or non-extraction for anterior teeth retraction, and maxillofacial vertical control. These strategies aim to reduce anterior teeth and lip protrusion, increase chin prominence, harmonize nasolabial and chin-lip relationships, and improve the facial profile of patients with protrusive facial deformities. For severe skeletal protrusive facial deformities, orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment may be suggested. This consensus summarizes the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of numerous renowned oral experts nationwide, offering reference strategies for the correction of protrusive facial deformities.
Humans ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Patient Care Planning ; Cephalometry

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice. Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances, clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies, presenting new clinical challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique. This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty, principle of clear aligner therapy, clinical procedures and potential complications, which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation*

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

AIM:This study examined the inhibitory effect of peiminine on the human colonic adenocarcino-ma cell line SW480 and explored the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:SW480 and human normal colonic epithelial CCD-841CoN cells were treated with different concentrations of peiminine and subjected to the CCK-8 assay to select the optimal treatment time and concentration of the compound.SW480 cell migration and invasion were evaluated by the wound-healing and Transwell assays.Cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins were examined by Western blot.SW480 xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice to ex-amine the effect of peiminine on tumor growth and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in vivo.RESULTS:Peimi-nine(110 mg/L)significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells compared with the control group(P<0.01),caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase,and significantly downregulated the expression of cyclin dependent kinase 2(CDK2),CDK4,CDK6,cyclin D1,p-Rb/Rb,E2F1,E2F3,and E2F4(P<0.05).Peiminine inhibited SW480 xenograft tumor growth,prolonged the survival of model mice,and affected the expression of CDK2,CDK4,CDK6,and cyclin D1 in tu-mor tissues.CONCLUSION:Peiminine promotes G1 phase arrest by down-regulating the expression of CDK2,CDK4,CDK6,and cyclin D1,thereby inhibiting the proliferation of SW480 cells.

Necroptosis is a regulated process of programmed cell death independent of aspartic acid-specific cysteine protease,which can induce inflammation.Studies have shown that necroptosis is closely related to the progression and prognosis of pancreatic disease and plays an important two-way regulatory role in its progression.Related necroptosis inhibitors and inducers are expected to be used in the treatment of pancreatic disease.We herein review the mechanism of necroptosis and its role in the progression of pancreatic disease to provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of pancreatic diseases and offer a theoretical basis for the research and development of targeted drugs.

Objective To observe the effect of matrine on intestinal mucosal injury in rats with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)by regulating interleukin 6(IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.Methods IBD model rats were constructed by colon perfusion of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)method,and randomly divided into model group,matrine low-and high-dose groups,and matrine high-dose+ colivelin(STAT3 activator)group,with 10 rats in each group.Another 10 rats were selected for colon perfusion with equal volume of normal saline as the normal group.After treatment with matrine and colivelin,the body mass and disease activity index(DAI)of rats in each group were detected.The histopathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The ultrastructural changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)in serum and colonic mucosa of rats in each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and colorimetry,respectively.The expression of IL-6/STAT3 pathway-related proteins in rat colonic mucosa was detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the colonic mucosal tissue of rats in the model group had severe pathological damage and obvious ultrastructural damage,DAI,colonic mucosal histopathological score,serum and colonic mucosal tissue CRP,IL-6,MDA levels,and IL-6 protein expression and p-STAT3/STAT3 levels in colonic mucosal tissue were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and body mass,serum and colonic mucosal tissue SOD level were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the pathological damage and ultrastructural damage of colonic mucosa in the low-and high-dose of matrine groups were alleviated,DAI,pathological score of colonic mucosa,CRP,IL-6,MDA levels in serum and colonic mucosa,IL-6 protein expression and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio in colonic mucosa were decreased(P＜0.05),and body mass,SOD level in serum and colonic mucosa were increased(P＜0.05),in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with the matrine high-dose group,the pathological damage and ultrastructural damage of colonic mucosa in the matrine high-dose + colivelin group were aggravated,DAI,colonic mucosa histopathological score,serum and colonic mucosa CRP,IL-6,MDA levels,colonic mucosa IL-6 protein expression and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio were increased(P＜0.05),body mass,serum and colonic mucosa SOD level were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Matrine can reduce the level of inflammation and oxidative stress by preventing the activation of IL-6/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby reducing intestinal mucosal injury in IBD rats.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.