Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)in the different phases of femoral neck fracture.Methods Immunohistochemical assays were used to determine the expression and distribution of bFGF and PDGF protein in 36 human specimen of femoral neck fracture.A was measured and analyzed by CMIAS color imaging analysis system for signals of bFGF protein were found high in the mesenchymal cells,monocyte and vascular endothelial cells at 1st week after fracture in 9 subjects,with A of (0.4076 ±0.0902).The weakly positive signals of PDGF protein were found in the mesenchymal cells,while strongly positive in the vascular endothelial cells with A of (0.2261 ±0.0636).At 2rd week,in 9 cases the expression of bFGF and PDGF was strongly expressed in fibroblasts,endothelial cells,cartilage cell and cartilage matrix,osteoblast,with A of[(0.6404±0.0920)and (0.7457±0.0756)]and significandy higher than that at 1st week (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the 3rd and 3nd week with A of[(0.7168±0.1346)and (0.8033±0.0491),P＞0.05 ].The expression of bFGF and PDGF protein was reduced obviously at 4th week but was positive in young and cartilage tissue,with A of [(0.5374correlation between bFGF and PDGF protein in different phases (r1week=0.792,r2week=0.834,r3week=0.880,entiation of cartilage cell and osteoblast,and induce proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and new blood vessel.③ Both bFGF and PDGF are bone growth factors, cooperating in regulating proliferation and differentiation of cartilage cell and osteoblast for fracture healing.

The Community Health Care Centre of Xujiahui, Shanghai tries to integrate the community-based rehabilitation for orthopedic chronic diseases into the primary health care system within the general practices. This paper would discuss its features, problem, and prospect.

Objective:To compare the effects of two different surgical methods (endovascular embolization and microsurgical craniotomy) on hemodynamics and quality of life in patients with anterior circulation aneurysms.Methods:From January 2014 to December 2018, 63 patients with anterior circulation aneurysms in Linfen Central Hospital were divided into group A (micro craniotomy) 30 cases and group B (intravascular embolization) 33 cases according to the different operation method.The changes of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cardiac output, cardiac output per stroke and cardiac output index were compared between the two groups before operation (T0), during operation (T1), after operation (T2) and 24 hours after operation (T3). The quality of life of the patients was evaluated by the MOS 36-item short-form health status survey (SF-36) at the time of discharge from hospital, and the prognosis of the patients at three months after operation was evaluated by Glasgow outcome score (GOS). The quality of life and complications were evaluated by the ability of daily living and the modified Barthel index.Results:Compared with group A, group B showed a significant increase in cardiac output index[(2.86±0.63)L·min -1·(m 2) -1 vs.(3.39±0.83)L·min -1·(m 2) -1], a significant decrease in heart rate[(90±15)times/min vs.(79±9)times/min], systolic blood pressure[(132±18)mmHg vs.(123±9)mmHg], diastolic blood pressure[(96±13)mmHg vs.(89±12)mmHg] and cardiac output per stroke[(88.64±18.53)mL vs.(78.54±13.35)mL] at T1 ( t=2.50, 3.61, 2.89, 2.63, 3.02, all P< 0.05). Compared with group A, group B showed a significant decrease in heart rate[(86±12)times/min vs.(75±11)times/min], systolic blood pressure[(134±20)mmHg vs.(122±11)mmHg] and diastolic blood pressure[(93±11)mmHg vs.(77±14)mmHg] at T2, and a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure[(128±13)mmHg vs.(113±14)mmHg] and diastolic blood pressure[(85±9)mmHg vs.(78±13)mmHg] at T3 ( t=2.68, 3.14, 3.95, 4.15, 3.05, all P<0.05). The scores of energy[(55.07±8.76)points], physiological function[(53.65±8.62)points], physiological function[(62.25±9.53)points], mental health[(72.26±13.95)points], emotional function[(61.89±12.25)points] and overall health[(47.63±8.61)points] in SF-36 scale in group B were significantly higher than those in group A[(45.86±7.62)points, (49.21±9.76)points, (43.58±8.75)points, (50.14±10.33)points, (44.76±9.42)points, (35.86±7.60)points]( t=4.43, 2.35, 8.07, 7.09, 6.18, 5.73, all P< 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in GOS score at three months after operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). After 2 years of follow-up, the scores of activities of daily living[(86.89±4.54)points] and modified Barthel index[(1.34±0.42)points] in group B were significantly lower than those in group A[(92.48±6.09)points, (2.79±0.61)points]( t=4.15, 11.07, all P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For the patients with anterior circulation aneurysms, the therapeutic effect of microsurgical craniotomy and endovascular embolization is the same, but the latter can stabilize the hemodynamic state of the patients during the operation, and the short-term prognosis is better at discharge, but the long-term prognosis may be worse than that of microsurgical craniotomy.

The successes with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T-cell therapy in treating multiple cancer types have established immunotherapy as a pow-erful curative option for patients with advanced cancers.Unfortunately,many patients do not derive benefit or long-term responses,highlighting a pressing need to perform complete investiga-tion of the underlying mechanisms and the immunotherapy-induced tumor regression or rejection.In recent years,a large number of single-cell technologies have leveraged advances in characterizing immune system,profiling tumor microenvironment,and identifying cellular heterogeneity,which establish the foundations for lifting the veil on the comprehensive crosstalk between cancer and immune system during immunotherapies.In this review,we introduce the applications of the most widely used single-cell technologies in furthering our understanding of immunotherapies in terms of underlying mechanisms and their association with therapeutic outcomes.We also discuss how single-cell analyses help to deliver new insights into biomarker discovery to predict patient response rate,monitor acquired resistance,and support prophylactic strategy development for toxicity man-agement.Finally,we provide an overview of applying cutting-edge single-cell spatial-omics to point out the heterogeneity of tumor-immune interactions at higher level that can ultimately guide to the rational design of next-generation immunotherapies.