Tardive dyskinesia(TD) is a serious side effect of long-term treatment with neuroleptic medications. To investigate if glutamatergic hyperfunction is associated with TD, effect of MK-801 on the prevention and treatment of TD was studied using a rat model, i.e., vacuous chewing movements(VCM). When comparing VCM scores of Group I(haldol decanoate+MK-801) with that of Group II(hadol decanoate+phosphate buffer saline), late measured VCM scores of former were significantly lower than that of latter, meaning that MK-801 is effective in the prevention of VCM. Furthermore, when MK-801 is also effective in the treatment of VCM. From the above results, it is suggested that glutamatergic hyperfunction might be involved in the development of TD and MK801 could be effective in the prevention and treatment of it.
Dizocilpine Maleate* ; Mastication ; Models, Animal ; Movement Disorders*

The widespread uae of colposcopy in the evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology has been accompanied by a trend toward decreased utilization of Papanicolaou smears and cone biopsy. But its accuracy is dependent on the criteria determining its limitations and the observer's experience. This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Papanicolaau smear and eolposcopic finding and to campare these findinga with thase af colposcopically directed biopsy, conization and hysteretomy and to determine the value of endocervical curettage. Nine hundred twenty six patients were evaluated from Jan. 1, 1986 to Dec. 31, 1993 at the cancer detectinn center of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine. Three major classes were involved in this study ; 662 cases with within normal limit Papanicolaou amears with cervical examination grossly suspicious for cancer, 187 cases with squamous intraepithelial lesion or greater, and 72 caees with reactiue or reparative change. The patients with inveaive rnalignancies of the cervix visihle to the naked eye were not included in this study. The majority of patients(75%) were 31 to 50 years of her age. The colposcopic examination wee deemed unsatisfactory in 45 cases in whom the upper limit, of the transformation zone could not be visualized. There were 881 cases each with a satisfactory colposcopie examination. We obtained the following results. In the satisfactory group with within normal limit Pap smears which had clinical impression of gross suspicion for cancer, 54 of 662 cases(8%) were diagnosed as more than cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I and 36(5.5%) were diagnosed as more than cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II with the histology of colposcopically directed biopsy. The analysis of the diagnostic values of Pap smears for cervical cancer screening showed that the sensitivity was 80.0%, the specificity was 93.8%, the false negative rate was 80.0%, the false positive rate was 15.2%, the negative predicitive value was 92.1%, and the positive predicitive value was 83.6%. In the satisfactory group with within normal limit Pap smears which had clinical impression of gross suspicion for cancer, 54 of 662 cases(8%) were diagnosed as more than CIN I and 36(5.5%) were diagnosed as more than CIN III with the histolgy of colposcopically directed biopsy. The accuracy of colposcopic impression when compared to histology of the colposcopically directed biopsy in the satisfactory group was 89.8% (within 1histologic degree) and 82.7% (precise agreement). Histologic comparision of colposcopically directed biopsy and final surgical specimen showed accuracy of 87.2% (within 1 histologic degree) and 66.5% (precise agreement). The accuracy of endocervical curettage with colposcopically directed biopsy when compared with final surgical specimen in unsatisfactory group was 82.2% (with 1 histologic degree) and 57.7% (precise agreement). In conclusion, satisfactory colposcopic evaluation in conjuction with Pap smear offers accurate method for cervical cancer detection. But endocervical curettage with colposcopically directed biopsy appears to be of less value in unsatisfactory group. Therefore futher evaluation is need.
Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Colposcopy* ; Conization ; Curettage ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Papanicolaou Test ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

The authors report a xase of primary non-gestational choriocarcinoma(PNGCO) of the ovary in a prepubertal female patient and reviewed. It is an extremely rere disease of which incidence is one in 369 million. Major clinical symptom is abdominal pain, precociois puberty and it can be misdiagneosed as ectopic pergnancy. Distinction from gestational choriocarcinoma(GCO) of the ovary is important because of the worse prognosis of PNGCO. But no distinctive ultrastructural or immunohistochemical differences are found between PNGCO and GCO. Most acceptable treatment modality is an aggressive surgical therapy and systemic chemotherapy, but its progrosis is poor.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Choriocarcinoma, Non-gestational* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Puberty

Stomach carcinoma is more common disease in korea than western contries. The reported ultrasonographicfindings of gastric carcinoma were thickening of gastric wall and “pseudokidney” sign. The auther analizedultrasonographic findings of 101 cases with gastric carcinoma who were performed ultrasonography and gastroscopyat Kyung Hee Universtiy Hospital from Oct. 1982 to Oct. 1985. The results were as followings; 1. Types of gastriccarcinoma were consisted with infiltrative type 68 cases, infiltrative type with ulceration 16 cases, polypoidtype with ulceration 1 cases, infiltrative and polypoid type 4 cases, linities plastica type 3 cases, lcerativetype 1 case and polypoid type 1 case. 2. Extent of the lesions were in body and antrum 45 cases, entire stomach 18cases, antrum 18 cases, body 12 cases, body and fundus 6 cases. 3. Ultrasonography was useful in demonstrating theextent of the tumor and the presence of materials elsewhere in abdoment.
Korea ; Stomach ; Ulcer ; Ultrasonography

One hundred and thirty-eight strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from the 7th nationwide tuberculosis prevalence survey in 1995 were subjected to the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using IS6110 probe to define the representative fingerprinting patterns of Korean strains of M. tuberculosis and to evaluate the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting in tracing the transmission link of M. tuberculosis. Among 138 strains, 129 different IS6l10 RFLP types were identified. The number of bands in IS6110 RFLP types diversed from 1 to 20, and the majority (75%) was 9 to 14 bands. The RFLP patterns of 8 out of 15 strains isolated from the follow-up survey of one and half year later after the 7th national TB prevalence survey were unchanged when compared with previous RFLP patterns. Fifteen (11%) out of 138 strains were grouped in 6 IS6110 clusters; 2 with 10 copies, 2 with 12 copies, 1 with 14 copies, and 1 with 17 copies. These clusters were unable to be subclassified by IS1081 or (GTG) probes except one cluster by pTBN12 probe. The transmission links of 2 clusters were deducible; one from household and another from neighborhood, but those of remaining clusters were unclear because they had no contact one another. The results suggest that vigorous transmissions in tuberculosis are still progressing in Korea.
Dermatoglyphics ; DNA Fingerprinting* ; DNA* ; Family Characteristics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Korea ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Prevalence* ; Residence Characteristics ; Tuberculosis*

45,X/47,XYY mosaicism is a rare sex chromosomal disorder with clinical information limited to 25 cases in the literature. We report an unusual mosaic Turner syndrome case in a 35-year old Korean woman with a phenotypic female, primary amenorrhea, short stature, immature secondary sexual characteristics. Cytogenetic analysis including G- and Q-banding revealed 45,X/47,XYY mosaicism, and SRY gene was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy was performed because the presence of Y-chromosomal sequences in Turner stigmata may predispose this patient to gonadoblastoma formation.
Adult ; Amenorrhea ; Christianity ; Chromosome Disorders ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Female ; Genes, sry ; Gonadoblastoma ; Humans ; Mosaicism ; Turner Syndrome*

No Abstract Available.
Drug Resistance* ; Korea*

Authors analyzed CT findings of 8 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis and one case of tuberculous abscessdiagnosed surgically or clinically. The results were as follows; 1. Soft tissue density masses were noted in 8patients in paraaortic, mesenteric, peripancreatic, celiac, porta hepatis, and esophagogastric junction areas inorder of frequency, and these correspond to lylmph node groups of the same name. On contrast enhanced CT, rimenhancement with multilocular low dinsties indicating caseous necrosis were noted in 3 patients, ill defined lowdensities were seen in 3 patients, and no definite changes were noted in 2 patients. 2. Two or more lymph nodegroups were involved in 6 patients, and one lymph node group was involved in two patients. 3. A huge cystic masswith relatively irregular rim enhancement and small anount of solid component occupied nearly entire upper abdomenin 1 patient and this was confiremd as tuberculous abscess in peritoneum. 4. In 2 cases, bowel wall thickening wassuggested in cecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum.
Abdominal Cavity ; Abscess ; Cecum ; Colon, Ascending ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Peritoneum ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

One of the patellar function is to protect the femoral condyle from direct blowing to knee, so it is known that ligament injuries of the knee are rare in the presence of patellar fracture. We experienced four cases of posterior cruciate ligament injury associated with patellar fracture. Unfortunately, three cases were initially neglected, and one case was identified by visualization on avulsed posterior tibial spine in plain X-ray film. We reviewed these cases and obtained several results as follows; 1. Among four cases, three cases(75%) are fractured at the lower pole of patella without displacement and one case is a longitudinal fracture. 2. We consider possible two mechanisms of this injury; first, in flexed knee, posteriorly directed force on the proximal tibia produces posterior cruciate ligament injury followed by avulsed fracture at the lower pole of patella. Second, by fall on a flexed knee, the load is sustained on the inferior pole of the patella first and continuously drives the tibia backwards producing posterior cruciate ligament injury. We recommend that all surgeon should be aware of possibility of the ligament injury in the presence of patellar fracture, especially in lower pole fracture.
Knee ; Ligaments ; Patella ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Spine ; Tibia ; X-Ray Film

Since the introduction of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy(PEG) into clinical practice by Ponsky in 1980, the endoscopic procedure for the placement of a gastrostomy feeding tube has been markedly developed in the world. In l986, PEG was first described in Korea, thereafter it is widely used in many Korean institutions. But until recently the clinical studies of the long term efficacy of PEG has almost not been reported. (continue...)
Gastrostomy* ; Korea