Objective To explore the clinical effect and safety of carrellizumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel on the treatment of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.Methods Ninety-eight patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer were randomly divided into the study group and the reference group,with 49 cases in each group.The reference group was treated with albumin-bound paclitaxel,while the study group was treated with camrelizumab+albumin-bound paclitaxel.After treatment,the overall efficacy was evaluated,and the disease control rate was calculated.Serum tumor markers[high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1),squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen(SCCA)],PD-1 and PD-L1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)before and after treatment.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the microvascular density(MVD)and the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in esophageal carcinoma tissue.The percentages of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+cells were detected by flow cytometry.Patients were followed up and adverse reactions and survival were recorded.Results The disease control rate was higher in the study group than that of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in all indexes between the groups before treatment(P＞0.05).After treatment,HMGB1 level,SCCA level,MVD,serum PD-1 level and tumor tissue high expression rate of PD-1 were all decreased in the two groups,while serum PD-L1 level,PD-L1 high expression rate and percentages of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+cells were all increased(P＜0.05).Except there was no significant difference in MVD between groups,the other indexes were significantly changed in the study group compared with the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).The progression-free survival rate was higher in the study group than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Carrellizumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer can help control lesion progression and inhibit angiogenesis,with good safety.

The tumor microenvironment,particularly the hypoxic property and glutathione(GSH)overexpression,substantially inhibits the efficacy of cancer therapy.In this article,we present the design of a magnetic nanoplatform(MNPT)comprised of a photosensitizer(Ce6)and an iron oxide(Fe3O4)/manganese oxide(MnO2)composite nanozyme.Reactive oxygen species(ROS),such as singlet oxygen(1O2)radicals produced by light irradiation and hydroxyl radicals(·OH)produced by catalysis,are therapeutic species.These therapeutic substances stimulate cell apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress.This apoptosis then triggers the immunological response,which combines photodynamic therapy and T-cell-mediated immunotherapy to treat cancer.Furthermore,MNPT can be utilized as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance and fluorescence dual-modality imaging to give real-time tracking and feedback on treatment.

Objective To investigate the differences in efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy at different grades of the Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS)by selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR).Methods Relevant literatures on SPR treatment for cerebral palsy were retrieved from Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,China Biology Medicine disc,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and VIP Database.Clinical trials on SPR treatment for cerebral palsy were included for Meta-analysis.At least two re-searchers independently screened the literatures,extracted data,and assessed the quality of the liter-atures.Data analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4 software.Results A total of 2,726 lit-eratures were retrieved,and 8 literatures were finally included after screening.The results of the Me-ta-analysis showed that the gross motor function and self-care ability of patients with cerebral palsy at all GMFCS grades improved significantly after surgery,and muscle tone decreased significantly after surgery(P＜0.05).In comparison of the improvement in gross motor function before and after SPR,patients with grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ of GMFCS benefited the most,followed by those with grade Ⅰ,and those with grades Ⅳ and Ⅴ benefited less.In terms of improving self-care ability,patients with grade Ⅰbenefited the most,followed by those with grade Ⅲ,and those with grades Ⅱ and Ⅳ benefited less.No significant adverse reactions were reported in previous literatures.Conclusion SPR is a relatively safe and effective treatment option for patients with cerebral palsy.Patients at grades Ⅱand Ⅲ of GMFCS benefit the most from SPR,and patients at grades Ⅳ and V with poor preoperative physical status can also benefit from SPR.

Objective To investigate the differences in efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy at different grades of the Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS)by selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR).Methods Relevant literatures on SPR treatment for cerebral palsy were retrieved from Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,China Biology Medicine disc,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and VIP Database.Clinical trials on SPR treatment for cerebral palsy were included for Meta-analysis.At least two re-searchers independently screened the literatures,extracted data,and assessed the quality of the liter-atures.Data analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4 software.Results A total of 2,726 lit-eratures were retrieved,and 8 literatures were finally included after screening.The results of the Me-ta-analysis showed that the gross motor function and self-care ability of patients with cerebral palsy at all GMFCS grades improved significantly after surgery,and muscle tone decreased significantly after surgery(P＜0.05).In comparison of the improvement in gross motor function before and after SPR,patients with grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ of GMFCS benefited the most,followed by those with grade Ⅰ,and those with grades Ⅳ and Ⅴ benefited less.In terms of improving self-care ability,patients with grade Ⅰbenefited the most,followed by those with grade Ⅲ,and those with grades Ⅱ and Ⅳ benefited less.No significant adverse reactions were reported in previous literatures.Conclusion SPR is a relatively safe and effective treatment option for patients with cerebral palsy.Patients at grades Ⅱand Ⅲ of GMFCS benefit the most from SPR,and patients at grades Ⅳ and V with poor preoperative physical status can also benefit from SPR.

To explore the significance of Erbin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its relation-ship with patient prognosis. Methods: Erbin expression in a tissue chip containing samples from 299 cases were examined using immu-nohistochemistry; in addition, the relationship between Erbin expression and clinical-pathological parameters and patient survival time were also analyzed. Cox regression was used to predict the risk of clinical-pathological parameters. The mRNA and protein expres-sion of Erbin was also determined in 25 cases with paired ESCC and normal tissues through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and West-ern blot. Results: The expression of Erbin protein and mRNA in ESCC were significantly higher than those of normal esophageal epithe-lium adjacent to cancer (55.2% vs. 0, P<0.05). The high expression of Erbin in ESCC was closely related to TNM stage (64.9% vs. 47.3%, P=0.002) and lymph node metastasis (65.5% vs. 45.0%, P<0.001). Moreover, the high expression of Erbin in ESCC was closely related to poor prognosis (P<0.05). Conclusions: Erbin expression was increased in ESCC and was closely related to poor patient prognosis, which suggested that Erbin may be an important biomarker for the prognosis of cancer patients.

Bispecific antibody (BsAb) has two different antigen-binding sites, divided into the "IgG-like" format and the "non-IgG-like" format. Different formats have different characteristics and applications. BsAb has higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional antibodies, with special functions such as recruitment of immune cells and blocking of dual signaling pathways, playing an important role in immune-diagnosis and therapy. With the deterioration of the global environment and the irregular living habits of people, the incidence of tumor is becoming higher and higher. Tumor becomes the most serious fatal disease threatening human health after cardiovascular disease. There are 12 million estimated new tumor cases each year worldwide. The major clinical treatments of tumor are surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy, target therapy. Tumor immunotherapy is a novel approach for tumor treatment in recent years, and activates human immune system to control and kill tumor cells. Although the traditional monoclonal antibodies have already acquired some therapeutic effects in tumor targeted therapy and immunotherapy, they induce drug resistance resulted from the heterogeneity and plasticity of tumors. Binding to two target antigens at the same time, BsAb has been used in the clinical treatment of tumors and obtained promising outcomes. This review elaborates the research progress and applications of bispecific antibody in clinical tumor therapy.
Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/therapy*

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is an aggressive tumor and prone to metastasize and recur. According to pathological features, PLC are mainly categorized into hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma, and fibrolamelic hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. At present, surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still the main treatments for PLC, but the specificities are poor and the clinical effects are limited with a 5-year overall survival rate of 18%. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a specific cell subset existing in liver cancer tissues. They harbor the capabilities of self-renewal and strong tumorigenicity, driving tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence of PLC. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers and the illustration of mechanisms for stemness maintenance of LCSCs can not only reveal the molecular mechanisms of PLC tumorigenesis, but also lay a theoretical foundation for the molecular classification, prognosis evaluation and targeted therapy of PLC. The latest research showed that the combination of 5-fluorouracil and CD13 inhibitors could inhibit the proliferation of CD13+ LCSCs, thereby reducing overall tumor burden. Taken together, LCSCs could be the promising therapeutic targets of PLC in the future. This review summarizes the latest progress in molecular markers, mechanisms for stemness maintenance and targeted therapies of LCSCs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics* ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Prognosis