Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lead ; adverse effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects

Objective: To study the optimum particle size of Cordyceps sinensis for liver fibrosis in combination with in vitro dissolution experiment from serum pharmacology. Methods: To prepare the powder samples with different grinding degrees, Cordyceps sinensis was crushed through 100-, 150-, 200-, and 300-mesh sieves. The in vitro dissolution of adenosine was measured at different time points. Meanwhile, the powder sample was ig administered to rats, and pharmacodynamic approach was adopted to study the inhibition of medicated serum on HSC-T6 proliferation. Results: The accumulative in vitro dissolution of C. sinensis by 200-300 meshes was higher than that of other meshes. Medicated serum could significantly inhibit HSC-T6 cell proliferation. The AUC of HSC-T6 inhibition kinetics of medicated serum crushed to 200-300 meshes was significantly higher than that in other groups. Conclusion: The in vitro dissolution and pharmacodynamic method could be used for the study on different particle sizes of C. sinensis for anti-hepatic fibrosis, and 200-300 meshes are the optimal particle size.

Objective: To investigate the anatomic characteristics of the pudendal-thigh flap and provide anatomic basis for clinical design and application. Methods: The perineal regions of 15 male cadavers were anatomized. The flap was designed on the cadavers and the blood vessels/nerves contained in the flap were studied. Based on the above anatomic findings, we designed the flaps in our operation. The axial arteries were isolated according to the designing and the tissue adjacent to the vessel pedicles was preserved. The flaps were transferred to the recipient site. The incision of donor site was directly sutured; skin graft was transplanted when the incision could not be directly sutured. Results: The perineal regions had rich and constant blood supply and had stable nerve innervation. The blood supplies of the perineal region included external pudendal artery, anterior cutaneous branches of obturator artery, lateral branch of posterior labial or scrotum arteries. The location of the above vessels was comparatively constant, especially external pudendal arteries and posterior scrotum arteries. Three groups of blood vessels went through the lower, middle and upper parts, and there were 4 groups of major nerves responsible for the innervation of the pudendal region. We have used 23 cases of pudenal-thigh flaps, with the largest flap being 17 cm × 9 cm and the smallest being 8 cm × 5 cm, and satisfactory outcomes were achieved in all the cases. Conclusion: The pudenal thigh flap has rich blood supply, convenient incision, and covert donor site. It has satisfactory outcome (morphologic and sensory) in repairing and reconstructing male perineal region and is worth popularizing.

Objective: To investigate the effect of astragalus on the serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), renal function and the damage of renal morphology in ischemic acute renal failure (IARF). To study the protective mechanism of astragalus in IARF. Methods: The rats were pretreated with astragalus or vehicle for 3 days. IARF was induced by left renal artery clipping for 60 min, after the right kidney was removed. Biochemical parameters for serum HGF,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr) were measured and histological analyses of the kidneys were performed by tubular grading. Results: There have no significant difference between the serum HGF levels of I/R controls and the levels observed in sham-operated group (P > 0.05). Serum HGF levels in astragalus treated group was significantly increased than those of I/R control group(P < 0.01) .After 4 h of I/R, serum levels of BUN and Cr were increased in I/ R control rats compare with Sham-operated rats(P < 0.01). Astragalus treatment reduced the levels elevation(P < 0.05). Simultaneously,. I/R-induced severe damage in renal morphology were significantly ameliorated by astragalus treatment(P < 0.01). Conclusions: Astragalus pretreatment can alleviate the damage of renal function in IARF. It is may be one of the mechanisms of astragalus for protecting renal tissue in IARF that astragalus can induce the expression of HGF.

Objective To explore the diagnosis for early stage lung cancer with "normal" plain CT scan in order to draw the concern of physician to these patients. Methods We reviewed and analyzed 3 cases of central bronchogenic carcinoma with normal plain CT scan at first visit who were confirmed through fiber bronchoscope examination and PET/CT scan later. Then we compared the values of some diagnostic methods for early-stage central bronchogenic carcinoma. Results Three patients were all males with long smoking history. They came to hospital for cough and bloody sputum. All their plain CT scan showed "no abnormal findings", but their symptom continued. Later, the fiber bronchoscope examination and PET/CT scan strongly suggested that they were suffered from central bronchogenic carcinoma, and then the pathological findings and sputum cytology confirmed the diagnosis. Two patients received lobectomy, and the other one was suggested to accept radiotherapy because of his poor lung function. Conclusions The positive rate of plain CT scan for early-stage central bronchogenic carcinoma is relatively low. Thus, some of these patients lost the chance of surgery and combined therapy. So physicians should pay more attention to these patients with symptoms of persistent bloody sputum or obstructive pneumonia, even if the plain CT scan is negative at first visit. Using PET/CT and fiber bronchoscope examination, physicians can confirm the diagnosis of central bronchogenic carcinoma. So these two methods are important in the diagnosis for early-stage central bronchogenic carcinoma without any abnormal plain CT scan findings.

By studying the varieties of peony and analyzing the prescription of Huangqin decoction, the authors explored the differences between Paeoniae Radix Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra in varieties, origin, processing method and clinical efficacy and compare their efficacies to define Paeoniae Radix Alba or Paeoniae Radix Rubra in Huangqin decoction recorded in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. In the study, the authors clarified the development and change of the variety in various historical periods according to the earliest ancient herbal book recording the variety and the development sequence of main herbs, and made clear the relations between Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra. The modern application of Paeoniae Radix Alba started in the Song Dynasty. Although it was processed in different ways from Paeoniae radix Rubra, they shared the same original plant varieties. On the basis of the historical origin, botanical origin, producing place and processing method, the authors made clear the evolvement of peony varieties, discussed and analyzed the developments and changes for the combined to the separate administration of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra and defined the peony variety in Huangqin decoction. Through the textual research on ancient herbal books, the authors confirmed that more than 2 000 years ago, Paeoniae Radix Alba didn't appear when Treatise on Febrile Diseases was written. According to the records in Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians that "its roots were collected and dried in February and August", it was inferred that the use of Paeoniae Radix Rubra conformed to the historical facts.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Purpose: To explore the relationship between the effect of docetaxel inducing apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer cell and intracellular level of reactive oxygen. Methods: SPC-AI lung cancer cells were treated with 10 -8mol/L docetaxel for 24 hours to observe the apoptotic morphological change under the electromicroscope and fluorescence microscope in ritro. The treated cells were harvested to analyze the cell cycles using flow cytometry and to estimate the intracellular reactive oxygen levels by staining with 2', 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidine. Results: After SPC-AI lung cancer cells were exposed to 10 ~ mol/L docetaxel for 24 hours, the typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed under the electromicroscope and fluorescence microscope. There was a higher reactive oxygen level in docetaxe-treated cells group than in control group. After 24 hours docetaxel exposure, there was a significant G2 ~'M phase arrest of SPC-AI lung cancer cells. Conclusions: Docetaxel can induce apoptosis in SPC-AI lung cancer cells through the mechanism of G2 ~ M phase arrest and by elevating intracellular level of reactive oxygen.

UNLABELLED: Patients with cervical painless mass for 3 months with swallowing not feeling a week for the chief complaint. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION top right sternocleidomastoid before hitting a 7.0 by 3.0 cm size, lower limb reached 2.0 cm x 1.8 cm, the size of the mass on the left side of the supraclavicular reached 3.0 cm x 2.5 cm of the size of the mass, the three homogeneous medium hard, focally border and clear, the activity can be puncture cytological examination in return for: left supraclavicular see more protein and blood samples and a small amount of sample are arranged heap of fiber cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): on the right side of the neck, with three at the left supraclavicular neoplasm, between 2.5-5.5 cm in size, high in T2, T1 low mixed signals, lesion boundaries clear.
Clavicle ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma ; complications ; pathology ; Sensation Disorders ; etiology ; Tumor Burden

This paper reports one case of elderly patients with bronchial foreign body, and analyzes the causes of misdiagnosis. And the best choice of removing larger foreign body is operating under rigid bronchoscopy.
Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchi ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male

Objective:To investigate the preparation of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles targeting liver cancer stem cells and their effects on liver cancer HepG2 cells (CD133 positive subset accounting for 8%) and Huh-7 cells (CD133 positive subset accounting for 65%).Methods:Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-loaded paclitaxel nanoparticles were prepared by using emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles decorated with anti-CD133 antibody, called targeted nanoparticles, were prepared by using 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) cross-linking method. The manifestations and physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles including encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, particle size distribution, morphology and release in vitro were studied. Liver cancer Huh-7 and HepG2 cells accompanying with paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles or targeted nanoparticles were cocultured. The uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles by liver cancer cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry, and positive cell proportion of CD133 was also detected. Cell survival was analyzed by using plate clonogenesis assay.Results:Scan electromicroscopy result showed particle size of targeted nanoparticles was (429.26±41.53) nm with zeta potential of -11.2 mV; targeted nanoparticles were possessed with spherical morphology and higher encapsulation efficiency [(87.53±5.90) %]. Flow cytometry showed that in Huh-7 cells at 37℃, the fluorescence intensity of targeted nanoparticles group (13 397±720) was higher than that of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group (6 898±604), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); there was no statistically difference in the fluorescence intensity of HepG2 cells in paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group and targeted nanoparticles group at 37 ℃ (7 899±343 vs. 8 432±516, P>0.05). CD133 positive cell proportion of Huh-7 cells in targeted nanoparticles group [(15.7±2.6)%] was lower than that in paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group [(54.9±7.4)%], and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 7.31, P = 0.008); there was no statistical difference of HepG2 cells between the two goups ( P > 0.05). Plate clonogenesis assay showed that the cell survival rate of Huh-7 cells in targeted nanoparticles group was lower than that in paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group at different time points, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 5.56, P = 0.009); but there was no statistically significant difference in HepG2 cell survival rate between the two groups ( F = 1. 19, P = 0.142). Conclusion:Prepared nanoparticles targeting liver cancer stem cells have a good inhibitory effect on liver cancer Huh-7 cells.