Objective To study the influence of parental generation coal-burning-borne fluorosis on tooth development of their offspring.Methods High fluoride air model was established on the basis of burning coal habit of the epidemic areas.Fluoride feed was made of coal drying corn from the epidemic areas.Totally 48 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with male to female ratio of 1:1 by random number table method.Rats in high,middle and low fluoride groups were put in the high fluoride air room and feed food with 40,25 and 10 mg/kg fluorine,and the control group was put in normal air room and feed normal food.After 8 weeks,rats were mating and parturition.Tooth eruption time of offspring rat was observed;and dental fluorosis incidence,the tooth length and fluorine content were observed at 21 d.Results In high and middle fluoride groups [(6.83 ± 0.94),(6.25 ± 1.06) d],tooth eruption time of offspring rat was later than that of control group [(5.34 ± 0.89) d,all P ＜ 0.01].At 21 d,dental fluorosis was observed in the lower incisors of the high and middle fluorine groups;compared with control group [(5.21 ± 0.19) mm,(223.00 ± 14.08) μg/kg],the tooth length was decreased [(4.83 ± 0.22),(4.96 ± 0.25) mm,P ＜ 0.01or ＜ 0.05],and tooth fluoride content was increased [(362.64 ± 20.35),(289.79 ± 19.18) μg/kg,all P ＜ 0.01].Dental fluorosis incidence of offspring rats was positively correlated with the fluorine dose (r =0.704,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Parental generation rats’ intaking excessive fluoride can affect offspring rats tooth development and dental fluorosis,which is related to the fluorine dose.

Objective: To determine the knowledge of influenza, pneumonia, herpes zoster and related vaccines, willingness to vaccinate under multiple payment scenarios, and corresponding risk factors among people over 50 years old in Minhang District of Shanghai. Methods: A total of 1 672 respondents aged 50-69 from 13 communities/towns in Minhang district of Shanghai were included in this study using a stratified random sampling strategy on December 2020. The knowledge of influenza, pneumonia, herpes zoster and vaccines was investigated using a questionnaire, and the differences in the willingness under multiple payment scenarios were determined using chi-square test. The consistency in the willingness under multiple payment scenarios was compared using Cohen's Kappa and the risk factors of the willingness was determined using ordinal logistic regression. Results: The average age of 1 672 respondents was (60.48±5.96) years old, including 777 (46.47%) males and 895 (53.53%) females. A total of 1 350 subjects (80.74%) had local household registration in Shanghai. The proportion of the willingness to vaccinate for themselves, spouses, and parents under any payment scenario was determined to be 80.6% (influenza vaccine), 81.5% (pneumonia vaccine), and 74.0% (herpes zoster vaccine). The willingness to vaccinate against influenza and pneumonia under multiple payment scenarios remained stable (Kappa value ≥0.6), while that against herpes zoster infection was inconsistent (Kappa value ≤0.35). Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who had higher knowledge of influenza and influenza vaccine [OR (95%CI): 1.111 (1.054-1.170), 1.182 (1.126-1.240), respectively], aged 50-59 [1.305 (1.085-1.531)] and local household registration in Shanghai [1.372 (1.079-1.721)] had higher willingness to vaccinate against influenza, while males had lower willingness [0.733 (0.551-0.910)]. Respondents who had higher knowledge of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccine [OR (95%CI): 1.837 (1.152-2.517), 2.217 (1.541-2.893), respectively] had higher willingness to receive pneumonia vaccine. Respondents aged 50-59 [1.327 (1.059-1.537)] and with local household registration in Shanghai [2.497 (1.417-4.400)] were more likely to be vaccinated against herpes zoster, while those with middle school degree or below [0.664 (0.396-0.992)] and high school degree [0.559 (0.324-0.964)] were less likely to be vaccinated. Conclusion: Among people aged over 50 years old in Minhang district of Shanghai, the willingness to vaccinate for themselves, spouses, and parents against influenza, pneumonia and herpes zoster infection is quite different under multiple payment scenarios, especially for herpes zoster vaccine.
Aged ; China ; Female ; Herpes Zoster/prevention & control* ; Herpes Zoster Vaccine ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia/prevention & control* ; Vaccination

The quality difference of pharmaceutical excipients from different sources affects the molding properties of the powder, resulting in changes in the properties of the final product. In this study, the critical quality attributes of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with different specifications from two manufacturers (manufacturer A and manufacturer B) were characterized including particle size, physical morphology, viscosity and powder physical quality attributes. Aminophylline, diclofenac sodium, and metformin hydrochloride were utilized as model drugs with different solubility to prepare sustained-release tablets, and the effect of HPMC from different sources on drug release of sustained-release tablets in vitro was investigated. The results showed that HPMC with the same viscosity specification from different sources had outstanding differences in the physicochemical properties (including particle size, physical morphology, viscosity, dimension, compressibility and powder flow), which could change the hardness and friability of the sustained-release tablets. The differences in the physicochemical properties of HPMC had different effects on the dissolution of different sustained-release tablets in vitro. It had no significant effect on the release of easily soluble aminophylline and metformin hydrochloride, but had a greater impact on the release of poorly soluble diclofenac sodium. Compared with manufacturer A, the sustained-release effect of matrix tablets prepared by HPMC from manufacturer B was more excellent. The results of this study will provide a theoretical reference on selecting the appropriate excipients for formulation design.