Thyroid cancer spreads predominantly via the lymphatics to the local draining lymph nodes.This is a review about it.We also report about the role of sentinel node biopsy in thyroid cancer.

Arthroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries

Objective To explore the normal reference values of infant intelligence in Fagan test of infant Method Fagan test was carried out in 315 healthy infants aged 6.5～14.0 month in Shenyang,Tieling and Jinzhou in Liaoning province.Results Infants with cognitive exponent X≥54.6 might be considered to be normal in development,49.9

Adolescent ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; etiology ; genetics ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; complications ; genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; genetics

Objective To construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes differentially expressed in human lymphoma cell line Jurkat cells treated with glycyrrhizin (GL), and to clone genes associated with its immunological regulation, and to further elucidate the molecular immune mechanism of GL. Methods The mRNA was isolated from Jurkat cells treated with either GL or 0.9 percent sodium chloride as a control, then cDNA was synthesized. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was employed to analyze the differentially expressed DNA sequence between the two groups. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after the amplification of the subtractive library by PCR. Results The amplified library contained 28 positive clones. Colony PCR analysis showed that there were 22 clones containing 200-1 000 bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed, and the full length sequences were obtained with bioinformatics method. Altogether 11 kinds of encoding sequences were achieved, including interleukin-12, interleukin-18, and thymosin ?1, etc. Conclusions A subtractive cDNA library of genes differentially expressed in Jurkat cells treated with GL using SSH technique was constructed successfully, and it might give some new clues for the study of the immune regulation mechanism of GL.

Objective:To investigate the preparation of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles targeting liver cancer stem cells and their effects on liver cancer HepG2 cells (CD133 positive subset accounting for 8%) and Huh-7 cells (CD133 positive subset accounting for 65%).Methods:Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-loaded paclitaxel nanoparticles were prepared by using emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles decorated with anti-CD133 antibody, called targeted nanoparticles, were prepared by using 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) cross-linking method. The manifestations and physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles including encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, particle size distribution, morphology and release in vitro were studied. Liver cancer Huh-7 and HepG2 cells accompanying with paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles or targeted nanoparticles were cocultured. The uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles by liver cancer cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry, and positive cell proportion of CD133 was also detected. Cell survival was analyzed by using plate clonogenesis assay.Results:Scan electromicroscopy result showed particle size of targeted nanoparticles was (429.26±41.53) nm with zeta potential of -11.2 mV; targeted nanoparticles were possessed with spherical morphology and higher encapsulation efficiency [(87.53±5.90) %]. Flow cytometry showed that in Huh-7 cells at 37℃, the fluorescence intensity of targeted nanoparticles group (13 397±720) was higher than that of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group (6 898±604), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); there was no statistically difference in the fluorescence intensity of HepG2 cells in paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group and targeted nanoparticles group at 37 ℃ (7 899±343 vs. 8 432±516, P>0.05). CD133 positive cell proportion of Huh-7 cells in targeted nanoparticles group [(15.7±2.6)%] was lower than that in paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group [(54.9±7.4)%], and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 7.31, P = 0.008); there was no statistical difference of HepG2 cells between the two goups ( P > 0.05). Plate clonogenesis assay showed that the cell survival rate of Huh-7 cells in targeted nanoparticles group was lower than that in paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles group at different time points, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 5.56, P = 0.009); but there was no statistically significant difference in HepG2 cell survival rate between the two groups ( F = 1. 19, P = 0.142). Conclusion:Prepared nanoparticles targeting liver cancer stem cells have a good inhibitory effect on liver cancer Huh-7 cells.

The major challenge in the development of recombinant biologics lies in generating and isolating rare high-producing stable single clone in a short period of time. The selection marker is an essential component of the plasmid vector, it plays an important part in the generation and screening of producing cell lines. Engineering the selection marker to enhance the stringency of selection for high producing cells is one of the most effective approaches to improve the cell line development process. Here, using Chinese hamaster overy (CHO) cells as an example, we introduce the application of selection marker for generation of recombinant biologics producing mammalian cell lines, methods of engineering the selection markers to enhance the selection stringency, and propose considerations on cell substrate stability and selection marker safety, in order to provide references for high-efficiency development of recombinant biologics.

Objective;To discuss if automatic detecting instrument could be applied on cell count in hydrothorax or ascites instead of traditional method. Methods; 121 cases of hydrothorax or ascites specimens were collected. SysmexUF - 100 automatic urine sediment appearance, SysmexKX -21 blood cell analysis instrument and traditional manual method were used to count white blood cell and totoal cell in all samples. The data were treat with student-T test and relativity analysis. Results;There was significant difference between data collected by SysmexUF - 100 aytinatuc urine sediment appearance and traditional manual method after T test ( P

OBJECTIVE:To compare the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. METHODS: A single dose of Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules was given to 18 healthy volunteers by randomized crossover method, and the plasma concentrations of omeprazole were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p97 pharmacokinetic program and the bioequivalence was evaluated. RESULTS: The plasma concentration-time curve of two preparations fitted to one-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of test preparation vs. reference preparation were as follows: Cmax(1.69?1.00) ?g?mL-1 vs. (1.71?1.02) ?g?mL-1; tmax(3.22?1.11)h vs. (3.06?1.00)h; AUC0～24(8.42?4.38) ?g?h?mL-1 vs. (8.87?5.32) ?g?h?mL-1; AUC0～∞(10.35?5.01) ?g?h?mL-1 vs. (10.81?5.86) ?g?h?mL-1. The relative bioavailability of Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules was(94.93?14.54)%.CONCLUSION:2 kinds of Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules are bioequivalent.

Objective To explore whether the presence of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula (JPDD) risks biliary stone disease and recurrence.Methods 829 patients undergoing ERCP in our hospital from Aug 2008 to Dec 2012 were divided into four groups:biliary stone disease (n =609) non-stone biliary abnormality (n =124) common bile duct malformation with cholelithiasis (n =38) and normal control group (n =58).There were 206 patients with JPDD and 623 patients without JPDD.Biliary stoneformation,post-ERCP pancreatitis,cannulation failure,and stone recurrence were compared between those with JPDD and those without.Results The incidence of JPDD in biliary stone disease group (27.8％) was significantly higher than in non-stone biliary anatomical abnormality group (18.5 ％) (x2 =4.512,P ＜ 0.05).In biliary stone disease group,rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis were significantly higher in JPDD cases (33.7％) compared to those without JPDD (13.8％) (x2 =30.841,P ＜ 0.05).The cannulation failure rate was also higher in patients with JPDD (15.4％) compared to JPDD negative (6.8％) (x2 =0.731,P ＜0.05).Recurrence rates in biliary stone disease were significantly higher in patients with JPDD (19.5％) when compared to JPDD-lacking individuals (9.3％) (x2 =14.51,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions JPDD is a risk factor for biliary stone formation.JPDD also is associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis,cannulation failure and biliary stone recurrence.