Arthroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries

Objective To explore the nurses'self-efficacy for palliative care and its related factors.Methods Data were collected via a self-constructed questionnaire,using the purposive sampling method.Subjects were nurses from two “grade-A” general hospitals in Henan province.Results The nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care stayed at a disequilibrium state,mean score of self-efficacy for physical care was 4.00,followed by family care self-efficacy 3.85,then psychological and spiritual care self-efficacy 3.70.Significant difference existed in self-efficacy for palliative care in nurses having different attitudes toward death.The cognitive level for palliative care,past experience of caring for end-stage patients were positively correlated with self-efficacy.Conclusions The main factors of the nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care related to attitudes toward death,past experience of caring for end-stage patients and the cognition level of nurses to palliative care.

One of the focuses in bone and cartilage tissue engineering research is to find suitable seed cells. Embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts possess unique characteristics such as unlimit- ed capacity of proliferation and the potential to differentiate into diverse cell types (pluripotentiality), which make them a promising cell source for tissue engineering. In this paper, the progress in the study on embryonic stem cell differentiating directly into osteoblasts and chondrocytes is introduced. The prospects and difficulties of using em- bryonic stem cells as seed cells for tissue engineering are also discussed.

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a clinical critical syndrome caused by a variety reason,sepsis is the leading cause and independently associated with mortality in critical patients.Fluid resuscitation is one of the most important treatment of spesis and AKI.Fluid overload has been shown to be associated with worse outcomes in critically ill patients.Different liquid treatment should be adopted in different stages.To carry out dynamic,noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring is the best way to critical patients with AKI liquid management.

Objective To present a method based on wavelet transform for detecting the QRS complexes of electrocardio-gram(ECG) without preprocessing.Methods By comparing three different kinds of wavelets,the first derivative of Gaussian function wavelet whose coefficient of wavelet is more sensitive adopted for MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database which is widely and internationally accepted in the end.The catastrophe points of QRS complexes are detected by time-frequency analyz-ing.Results The method is proved to be precise and effective by applied to detect the QRS complexes of the ECG record provided by MIT-BIH.Conclusion The method is satisfied real time of ECG monitoring system and has preferable potential application.

Aiming to improve the quality of teaching international students and enhance the international cooperation of medical teaching,this article discusses the teaching to international students from the aspects such as enhancing the recognition,breaking through language communication obstacles,careful preparation and teaching,and strict regular management by combining practice and research obtained from recent years of international student teaching.

Objective To observe the novel endothelial like cells of the marginal ear vein intima of rabbit by scanning electron microscope.Methods The marginal ear veins were obtained from male Japanese big ear white rabbits,and prepared for scanning electron microscope(SEM).The novel endothelial like cells of the marginal ear vein intima were observed.Results Between endothelial cells and basement membrane of the marginal ear vein intima of rabbit,some oval-shaped endothelial like cells were found.This kind of cells was measured,the length was(8.32?1.04)?m,width was(5.79?0.68)?m,and length/width is 1.45?0.22.The cells were connected each other by some filament structure,and the average length between two adjacent cells was(6.41?2.45)?m.Conclusion There are novel endothelial like cells in the marginal ear vein intima of rabbit.The filament structure,connected between endothelial like cells,might be a new type of cell junction.

Objective]The article analyzed and summed up the experience of making formula and description on treatment of gastric abscess in Qing Dynasty Zhang Yuqing’s Medical Records, in order to provide reference in treating contemporary similar diseases.[Methods]Through studying the medical cases of this book,the authors selected out 30 cases of gastric abscess for futher analysis and summing up the Zhang Yuqing’s experience of description.[Result]He usually used the methods to cure gastric abscess, i.e. expelling phlegm by Banxi and Hualou,harmonizing stomach and liver by Zuojin pills, removing obstruction in channels by Xufuhua decoction, tonifying spleen by Liujunzi decoction and Weiling decoction.These cases had accurate effect and distinct treatment characteristics.[Conclusion]Zhang had rich experience in treating gastric abscess, those can broaden insight in treating similar diseases by traditional Chinese medicine,and increase clinical efficacy.

Cognitive dysfunction is associated with common symptoms of people with epilepsy, mainly declining in attention, memoryand planning ability to judge. With the change of medical model, cognitive rehabilitation should be comprised in epileptic therapeuticschemes by doctors. The relationship between epilepsy and cognition has attracted more and more attention. This article summarized thecognitive influencing factors in epilepsy itself, treatments and social psychological factors in order to explain the mechanism of the effect ofcognitive function.