There are three different kinds of aphakic corrections as glasses, contact lens and intraocular lens. In this paper we analyse the 20 aphakic patients who had operations during the past four years in our hospital by the intracapsular cataract extraction technique. 10 patients(50%) are using aphakic glasses and 8 patients(40%) are contact lens wearers and remained 2 person are non-corrected monocular aphakics. Among the CL wearers most of them have occupations. Glass wearers are increased in number parallel with the increasing their ages. Most of the aphakic patients have good visual corrections and satisfied with their present corrective measures.
Cataract Extraction ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Occupations

Dermoid is a kind of choristoma and rare congenital benign tumor. It is ugly in appearance and especially dermoid appears at corneal limbus. The above 2 cases which we report invade cornea and it is especially giant compared with the report which has been reported untill now.
Choristoma ; Cornea ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Limbus Corneae

Acquired tumors of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium are rare diseases. They are difficult to diagnose and present as pseudoadenomatous hyperplasia, adenoma or adenocarcinoma. They exhibit slowly progressive enlargement leading to a subluxated lens, cataract, and secondary glaucoma. And some of the more malignant tumors may extend extrasclerally. We report a case of adenoma of nonpigmented ciliary epithelium which produced a cataract.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Cataract ; Epithelium* ; Glaucoma ; Hyperplasia ; Rare Diseases

Trochlear motorneurons were identified by applying horseradish peroxidase(HRP) to superior oblique muscle in cats. Ninety five to ninety seven percent of the contralateral trochlear nucleus were stained 3-5% of ipsilateral side also labelled by HRP. These findings showed that superior oblique muscle was innervated by trochlear nuclei on both side.
Animals ; Armoracia* ; Cats* ; Horseradish Peroxidase* ; Trochlear Nerve

PURPOSE: Glyphosate-surfactant herbicide (GSH) is a widely used herbicide that is generally thought to be safe. When ingested in large quantities, however, it can result in serious toxicity and even lethality. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors for early hospital discharge in GSH poisonings. METHODS: GSH poisoning patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of patients who were discharged earlier, within 48 hours, without any complication since ED admission. Group B included patients who were admitted to the ED more than 48 hours earlier and/or who died within 48 hours of ED admission. Patient demographics, drug intoxication information, chest X-ray (CXR) findings and laboratory data during the first 24 hours on ED admission were collected. Those data were analyzed for their effect on the two groups. Univariate and odds ratio analysis were done. Predictive factors for early hospital discharge were then determined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Seventy three patients (51 males, 22 females) were enrolled in our study; 39 patients in group A, and 34 patients in group B. By univariate and odds ratio analysis, the following variables showed statistically significant differences between groups A and B: estimated amount of poison ingested?, GSC score, CXR findings, arterial pH, PO2, bicarbonate, BUN, creatinine, amylase and potassium. In the analysis of clinical symptoms and signs, mental change, dyspnea and voice change were the significant findings in group B (p<0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict early discharge in GSH poisonings, 3 variables (normal CXR finding, no metabolic acidosis, BUN level < or = 23) were found to be highly associated with early discharge. We established the following multiple logistic regression model: Log(p/1-p) = -3.02+1.85(normal CXR)+1.98(no metabolic acidosis)+1.46(BUN< or =23) CONCLUSION: Although GSH poisoning causes multi-organ toxicity, its mortality rate is relatively low (5.5%). Acid-base status, chest X-ray finding, and serum BUN level during the first 24 hours are useful predictive factors for early discharge from the hospital in GSH poisonings.
Acidosis ; Amylases ; Creatinine ; Demography ; Dyspnea ; Glycine ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Potassium ; Thorax ; Voice

The cataract surgery is most common among the major eye operations and nearly almost has been performed under local anesthesia. We has been censidered that emotional condition of patient during operation and the blood pressure is variable according to emotional condition. So, in order to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure change during operation and complication of cataract surgery, we began this survey. From Dec. 1979 'to Dec. 1980, we had collected the 70 cases that were performed lens extraction under the local anestbesia (retrobulbar injection and akinesia with 2% lidocaine) at our oph. department. The 70 cases were observed in the respect of B.P. change before, during and after operation. 1. Of the 70 cases, 21 cases (30%) were resulted in increased B.P.. 2. There are 4 cases (6%) that were increased B.P. over 20 mmHg. 3. There was no complication due to increased RP..
Anesthesia, Local ; Blood Pressure* ; Cataract* ; Humans

In this study, we investigated the genetic background of 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (36 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] and 34 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA]) obtained from blood at a Korean tertiary-care hospital, using spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, and SCCmec typing. In addition, the prevalence of enterotoxin (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, and sek), tst, and pvl genes among the samples was assessed via polymerase chain reaction, and the results were compared with those of 95 isolates of S. aureus obtained from nasal swabs. All MRSA isolates from blood, except one, belonged to three major clones: sequence type (ST)5-MRSA-II, ST72-MRSA-II (or IVA), and ST239-MRSA-III, among which ST5-MRSA-II was the predominant clone. The prevalence of enterotoxin genes in the S. aureus isolates obtained from blood differed significantly from those from the nasal swabs for the sea, seb, sec, and seh gene. In particular, the seb and sec genes were detected exclusively in the MRSA isolates of ST5 or spa-CC002, thereby suggesting the co-adaptation of virulence genes with the genetic background and their contribution to biological fitness.
Bacteremia/*microbiology ; Enterotoxins/genetics ; Genotype ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Korea ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nose/*microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis/*microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics/*isolation & purification

OBJECTIVES: In an effort to increase understanding of the relationship between sexual violence and mental illness, we conducted an investigation of the prevalence of psychiatric illness and associated psychological features of sexual offenders. METHODS: Twenty-two male sex offenders were referred for psychiatric diagnosis from the prosecutor's office and admitted to the hospital between August 2010 and May 2011. In order to identify Axis I and II disorders, including sexual disorders, we conducted the Korean version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition. All participants completed psychological assessment batteries, including the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and self-report scales, including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Information on participants' legal, personal, and psychiatric family histories was also gathered. RESULTS: Many of the participants received diagnosis of Axis I disorders : Eight subjects (36.4%) had paraphilia, and five (22.7%) had pedophilia. Two subjects (9.1%) had schizophrenia, five (22.7%) had depressive disorder, and three (13.6%) had alcohol dependence. Participants also showed high rates of Axis II disorders : four of them (18.2%) had mental retardation or borderline intellectual functioning and seven (31.8%) had cluster B personality disorders. Participants' serum free testosterone level showed statistically significant correlation with motor impulsiveness (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sex offenders included in this study displayed high rates of mental illness, including paraphilia and intellectual disability. On the basis of our findings, we asserted that sex offenders should undergo careful evaluation for mental illness, and that management programs for sex offenders should include psychiatric evaluation and intervention.
Adult ; Alcoholism ; Anger ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Criminals ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Paraphilic Disorders ; Pedophilia ; Personality Disorders ; Prevalence ; Rape ; Schizophrenia ; Sex Offenses ; Testosterone ; Weights and Measures

Although pandemic community-associated (CA-) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST30 clone has successfully spread into many Asian countries, there has been no case in Korea. We report the first imported case of infection caused by this clone in a Korean traveler returning from the Philippines. A previously healthy 30-yr-old Korean woman developed a buttock carbuncle while traveling in the Philippines. After coming back to Korea, oral cephalosporin was given by a primary physician without any improvement. Abscess was drained and MRSA strain isolated from her carbuncle was molecularly characterized and it was confirmed as ST30-MRSA-IV. She was successfully treated with vancomycin and surgery. Frequent international travel and migration have increased the risk of international spread of CA-MRSA clones. The efforts to understand the changing epidemiology of CA-MRSA should be continued, and we should raise suspicion of CA-MRSA infection in travelers with skin infections returning from CA-MRSA-endemic countries.
Adult ; Bacterial Toxins/metabolism ; Carbuncle/microbiology ; Cephalosporins/therapeutic use ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy/microbiology ; Exotoxins/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocidins/metabolism ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*isolation & purification ; Philippines ; Republic of Korea ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/*drug therapy/surgery ; Travel ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use

PURPOSE: To investigate the significance of the cortex-hilum (CH) area ratio and longitudinal-transverse (LT) axis ratio and the blood flow pattern for diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph nodes by ultrasound in breast cancer patients. METHODS: From October 2005 to July 2006, we prospectively evaluated axillary nodes with ultrasound in 205 consecutive patients who had category 4B, 4C or 5 breast lesions according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System-Ultrasound (BI-RADS-Ultrasound(R)). Among the 205, there were 24 patients who had pathologic verification of breast cancer and axillary lymph node status. For a total of 80 axillary nodes we measured the areas of the cortex and hilum of lymph nodes and calculated the area ratio. We also measured the length of the longitudinal and transverse axis of the lymph nodes and calculated the length ratio. We evaluated the blood flow pattern on power Doppler imaging and classified each lymph node into a central or peripheral pattern. Diagnostic performance was analyzed according to positive criteria for lymph node metastasis (CH area ratio >2, LT axis ratio <2, peripheral type on power Doppler imaging). RESULTS: The sensitivity of the CH area ratio was superior to that of the LT axis ratio (94.1% vs. 82.3%, p=0.031) and to that of the blood flow pattern (94.1% vs. 29.4%, p=0.009). For specificity, all three evaluating parameters had high values (89.1-95.6%) and no significant differences were found (p=0.121). The CH area ratio had a better positive predictive value than the LT axis ratio (94.1% vs. 80.0%, p=0.030) and power Doppler imaging (94.1% vs. 66.6%, p=0.028). For the negative predictive value, the CH area ratio was superior to the LT axis ratio (95.6% vs. 86.6%, p=0.035) and the blood flow pattern (95.6% vs. 63.0%, p=0.027). CONCLUSION: We recommend the CH area ratio of an axillary lymph node on ultrasound as a quantitative indicator for the classification of lymph nodes. The CH area ratio can improve diagnostic performance when compared with the LT axis ratio or blood flow pattern.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity