This study was undertaken to investigate the morphologic changes following flushing, preservation and reperfusion procedures in a canine lung allotransplantation model. Donor lungs were flushed with modified Euro-Collins (MEC) solution, low potassium dextran glucose (LPDG) solution or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, then stored at 10oC for 20 hours. Light microscopic and electron microscopic features of the lungs were examined after flushing, preservation and 2 hours after reperfusion. After flushing light microscopy showed focal mild alveolar collapse and interstitial edema. After preservation the lung tissue showed multiple foci of alveolar collapse, consolidation, and alveolar epithelial cell damage. After reperfusion the lung tissue showed diffuse alveolar collapse, consolidation and many destroyed cellular debris in the alveolar lumina. After flushing electron microscopy showed focal alveolar collapse and mild swelling of type I epithelial cells. After preservation both type I epithelial cells and endothelial cells were swollen and destroyed focally. Some type I epithelial cells were detached from the basal lamina. The endothelial cells showed luminal protrusion of tactile-like structure and vacuoles of the cytoplasm. After reperfusion the lung tissue showed fibrin material in the alveoli, prominent type I epithelial cell swelling with fragmented cytoplasmic debris and marked endothelial cell swelling with vacuoles or tactile-like projections. The alveolar macrophages showed active phagocytosis. After preservation scanning electron microscopic examination of the pulmonary arteries showed multiple patchy areas of swelling or conglomerated lesions in the inner surface of the pulmonary arteries. In conclusion, the ultrastructural changes associated with flushing were mild in severity, the donor lungs were injured during the preservation, and further damage occurred during the reperfusion.
Basement Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Dextrans ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibrin ; Flushing ; Glucose ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation* ; Lung* ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Perfusion* ; Phagocytosis ; Phenobarbital ; Potassium ; Pulmonary Artery ; Reperfusion* ; Tissue Donors ; Vacuoles ; Wisconsin

The soleal line in 115 (left; 61, right; 54) cases of tibiae was studied morphometrically by the method of Mysorekar and Nandedkar. 1. The soleal line showed a uniform character throughout in 26 cases and a mixed characters in 89 cases. The bones showing uniform character were seen generally as a lineal line or wide line. 2. The soleal line having mixed characters divided into three parts. In the upper and middle thirds, the major type of line was wide line. In the lower third, the line was commonly seen as a lineal line. In about 12% of the bones examined the line was seen as a groove, particularly in the middle and lower thirds. 3. The soleal line commenced 1-2cm below the fibular facet In about 61% of cases. 4. The length of the soleal line was 10.5cm, and the ratio to that of the tibia was about 30%. The results of this study provide the characters of the soleal tne of the tibia in Korean. The soleal line, unlike the textbook description, generally shows mixed characters of a line.
Methods ; Tibia*

BACKGROUND: It has been well known that absolute and interpeak latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) are usually prolonged in diabetics. However, Its etiology is still controversial. We tried to identify whether the cause is structural or metabolic in origin by performing BAEP and brain MRI in the diabetic patients. METHODS: BAEP were performed in both the diabetic patients (DM) group (16 males and 15 females) and the normal control group (25 males and 33 female). A brain MRI was performed in the DM group on those who showed abnormal BAEP and com-pared the results of BAEP of the DM group with those of the control group. RESULTS: 7 patients (22.6%) showed abnor-mal BAEP (male; 6, female; 1, unilateral; 4, bilateral; 3) when abnormal BAEP was defined as being larger than two and a half standard deviations of the control group BAEP results. Two males of the DM group who showed abnormal structural lesions of the pons in their brain MRI were not included in the statistical analysis. The remaining 14 diabetic male patients (mean age: 58.7 +/-9.1 years, mean disease duration: 6.1 +/-4.7 years, mean hemoglobin (Hb) A1C: 7.7 +/- 2.0%) and 15 diabetic female patients (mean age: 60.6 +/-10.8 years, mean disease duration: 5.4 +/-5.1 years, mean HgA1C: 7.8 +/-2.1%) were stastistically analyzed. Interpeak latencies of I-III, III-V, and I-V were found to be signifi-cantly prolonged in the DM group. The prolongation of interpeak latencies of I-III and I-V were found to be signifi-cantly correlated with the disease duration only in the diabetic female patients, but not with age and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that both metabolic derangement and structural lesion contribute to prolonging the central conduction time on BAEP pathway in diabetics.
Brain ; Brain Stem* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pons

This study was performed to eatablish the Cephalometric standards and growths change of Korean Teen aged group by McNamara's Analysis. The data from Cephalometric films of 161 male and 205 female subject aged from 10 to 18 years of Normal Korean were used for this study. The following results were obtained; 1. Means, standard deviation from measured values in each age group and sexual values were obtained. 2. Greater measurement showed in male than frmale in Condylion to point A, Condylion to Gnathion, MaxilloMandible differential and ANS to menton in linear measurement of 18 age group. 3. Condylion to point A, Cndylion to gnathion, MaxilloMandible differential and ANS to Menton are increased as the age increased. 4. Facial axis angle and Mandible plane angle of 15 and 18 aged group showed less value than that of 10, 11, 12 age group. 5. There was no significant value changes of Lower incisor to A-Po, SNA angle and Lower pharynx by the increasing of age.
Adolescent* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Mandible ; Pharynx

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic findings of acute intramural hematoma of the aorta, and the clinical follow up thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 34 cases confirmed clinically and radiologically as aortic dissection, an analysis was carried out based on 15 cases in which intramural hematoma without false lumen was demonstrated, on initial CT, 12 cases of in which follow up CT was used and five cases involving an aortogram. Elements such as the shape of the thickened aortic wall, ulcer-like intimal defects, and intimal calcification were examined. Changes in these elements were also examined on follow up CT. RESULTS: DeBackey types I and III accounted for one and 14 cases. respectively. Initial precontrast CT demonstrated continuous, crescentic high attenuation areas along the wall of the descending aorta. In postcontrast scans, the crescentic areas were of relatively lower-attenuation and appeared along the aorta wall. Displaced intimal calcifications were seen in nine of fifteen patients. There was no intimal flap on all five aortogram, while aortic wall thickening and atherosclerotic change were demonstrated in four cases and in one case, case, respectively. Focal ulcers were seen in three cases. Ulcer-like intimal defects were demonstrated in a total of eleven cases (eight on CT, two on aortogram, and one on both). In ten of the twelve cases seen on follow up CT, the thickness of the intramural hematoma was seen to be reduced. Among the 15 cases, the operation was performed in two cases, and the remaining 13 received conservative treatment. In ten cases observed for more than twelve months, a recurrence of symptoms did not occur. CONCLUSION: Eccentric aortic wall thickening in patients who complain of acute chest pain is the result of acute aortic dissection with intramural hematoma, or a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the aorta.The latter may be differentiated from the former by the presence of on ulcer-like intimal defect. When both diseases are limited to the descending aorta, conservative treatment may be effective, unless patients experience persistent or recurrent chest pain, or unless intramural hematoma progresses further.
Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Chest Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Angiomyolipoma* ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

No abstract available.
Echinococcosis, Hepatic*

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of periodontitis in Korean adults and to examine the associations between periodontitis and known risk factors. METHODS: Using Korean National Oral Health Survey 2006 data, a total of 4,263 people who had taken oral examination, interviewed by questionnaire, and aged 18 or older were sampled. The prevalence of periodontitis measured by Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was calculated and the differences in prevalence according to known risk factors (age, sex, monthly income, education, residential area, tooth-brushing frequency, regular dental visit, smoking, and diabetes) were examined with chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to see the effects of each risk factor on the risk of having periodontitis. All statistical approaches were reflected national sampling design using Survey procedures in SAS 9.1. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of periodontitis in Korean adults was 10.3%. There existed statistically significant differences in crude prevalence for periodontitis according to the all risk factors. In logistic regression, older age groups (O.R.:2.94-3.71), people living in rural area (O.R.:1.87), and current smokers (O.R.:1.77) were significantly prone to have periodontitis. People who earned monthly income of more than 2 million Korean won (O.R.:0.64) and brushed their teeth two or more times per day (O.R.:0.60-0.62) had significantly lower risk of having periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: About 10% of Korean adults had periodontitis in 2006. People who were older, living in rural region, in lower income status, smoking, less tooth brushing were more likely to have periodontitis.
Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Phenothiazines ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth

No Abstract

Myxedema is the nonpitting edema caused by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in subcutaneous and other interstitial tissue that occurs in hypothyroid patients. It is most often present in long-standing or severe primary hypothyroidism. While pericardial effusion appears to be a frequent occurrence in patients with myxedema, the development of cardiac tamponade in hypothyroid patients is distinctly unusual because of the slow formation of the pericardial effusion and the ability of the pericardium to distend. Recently we experienced a case of myxedema with pericardial effusion. The patient was 39-year-old female who was admitted due to aggrevated dyspnea for 1 month. She was obese and myxedematous. Chest X-ray revealed marked cardiomegaly. Two-dimensional echocardiography imaged massive pericardial effusion, especially left ventricular posterior wall and right ventricular side. The thyroid function test showed an obvious hypothyroid state. The patient was intubated and given controlled ventilation because of labored breathing, hypoxemia, and hypercapnea. After one half liter of straw-colored fluid was removed by pericardiocentesis, and she was given thyroid hormone replacement therapy, progressive clinical improvement was noted over course of next few weeks. We report this case with reviews of the literatures.
Adult ; Anoxia ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Cardiomegaly ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Edema ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Myxedema* ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Pericardiocentesis* ; Pericardium ; Respiration ; Thorax ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Ventilation