No abstract available.
Angiotensins* ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

MRI and arthrograms were used to diagnose the disc displacement of temporomandibular joint, but most of these trials focused on the anterior disc displacement. The discs could be displaced laterally or medially and in some case this sideway displacement may play a role as a main problem of temporomandibular disorder. In this study, 45 patients(31 unaffected sites, 59 affected sites) and 20 asymptomatic volunteers' sagittal and coronal MRI views were reviewed, then some results were found as follows 1. In sagittal plan, anterior disc displacements were found 15% in normal sites, 45% in unaffected sites and 69% in affected sites. 2. In coronal plan, sideways disc displacements were found 15% as medial in normal, 6% as medial and 13% as lateral in unaffected, 8% as medial and 14% as lateral diaplacement in affected sites. 3. In asymptomatic sites involving unaffected sites, medial disc displacements(11.3%) but in symptomatic joints, lateral disc displacements(13.8%) were prevalent. 4. The sideways disc displacement were observed 10.1% as medial and 2.9% as lateral dispalcement without and 9.8% as medial and 16.4% lateral dispalcements with anterior disc displacement. And, the coronal views of MRI were beneficial to evaluate the sideways disc displacement. Further studies may be needed on evaluation of the relations between sideways displacements and clinical symptoms or the treatment results.
Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Temporomandibular Joint*

No Abstract Available.
Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

To compare the efficiency, success rate and abortion time of applications of intravaginal misoprostol versus intravenous Sulprostone(Nalador) for mid-trimester pregnancy termination. Eighty three patients between 17-29 weeks of gestation with medical, obstetric, or genetic reasons for termination of pregnancy were randomized to receive either 50 ug tablets of misoprostol placed in the posterior vaginal fomix or 1,000ug sulprostone intravenously diluted I L of isotonic saline solution given as a 12-h infusion. Among eighty three patients recruited, fourty five patients received misoprostol and thirty eight patients received sulprostone intravenously. The average interval from start of induction to vaginal delivery was 13.35+/-3.34 hours in misoprostol group and 21.14+/-6.64 hours in the sulprostone group. The success rate of complete termination within 12 and 24 hours in misoprostol group were 57.7%, 93.3%, respectively, while in sulprostone group were 15.8%, 92.1% respectively. Oxytocin augumentation was 6.7% in misoprostol group and 7.9% in the sulprostone group. No serious complication occurred. Intravaginal misoprostol appears to be acceptably safe and effective agents for second trimester pregnancy termination. Misoprostol has the advantage of being inexpensive, easily stored and readily available. The regimen of 100 ug misoprostol inserted intracervicovaginally every 8 hours is the optimal method for pregnancy termination.
Female ; Humans ; Misoprostol* ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Sodium Chloride ; Tablets

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Lymphoma*

BACKGROUND: There are significant concerns about emerging antibiotic resistance that are largely due to the inappropriate use of antibacterial agents for viral respiratory infections. We explored clinicians' attitude on antibiotic prescription for patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) using survey. METHODS: A random, stratified sample of physicians in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon was surveyed with a mailed questionnaire, and 353 clinicians completed information. A total of 344 were included in the final dataset after excluding incomplete data with missing information (response rate 34.4%). RESULTS: Among 344 physicians, those who would prescribe antibiotics in scenario patient were 39.2%, wait and prescribe 30.5% and not prescribe antibiotics 30.2%. Those who believed antibiotics would help treatment of acute sinusitis were 83.7%, acute pharyngitis 36%, acute tonsillitis 86.3%, acute bronchitis 64% and acute lower respiratory diseases 66.9%. In logistic regression analysis, those who were located in Gyeonggi region and those who believed antibiotics help treatment of tonsillitis and suppurative otitis media would prescribe antibiotics in scenario patient significantly more, whereas those who believe antibiotics help treatment of acute pharyngitis and lower respiratory disease prescribe antibiotics less. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians' attitude to antibiotics in respiratory disease has a significant effect on antibiotic prescription for RTIs. Interventions such as practice guidelines and patient education to optimize antibiotic prescription should take this effect into account.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bronchitis ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; Palatine Tonsil ; Patient Education as Topic ; Pharyngitis ; Postal Service ; Prescriptions* ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Sinusitis ; Tonsillitis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (Captopril) has recently been studied extensively in various experimental models of radiation injury and has proven its protective effects in various organs, such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. Twenty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group was divided into two large groups: the first one received a single dose of 18 Gy irradiation from an electron beam on the local field of the kidney region only, and the second group received captopril per oral continuously after the same doses of irradiation. The second experimental group was divided into four subgroups by captopril doses: 62.5 mg/l, 125 mg/l, 250 mg/l, and 500 mg/l, respectively. On light and electron microscopy, the kidneys of the irradiated rats with no captopril treatment showed diffuse glomerular contraction, congestion with occlusion and focal necrosis of the endothelial, and mesangial cells. The tubules showed ballooning degeneration, desquamation, and diffuse coagulation necrosis. Captopril treated rats, especially those given a high dose (more than 250 gm/l), revealed a marked reduction of the tubular and glomerular injuries. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of renal injury among the experimental groups (p<0.05). The result of this study suggests that an administration of high dose captopril might prevent radiation-induced renal injury, especially in the early post-irradiation period.
Animals ; Captopril* ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Kidney ; Lung ; Mesangial Cells ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Radiation Injuries ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The present study proposes a method delineating the extent of the anterior displacement of the temporomandibular articular disc through the angle formed by the deepest point in the glenoid fossa, the center of the mandibular condyle and the junction between the end of the posterior band and the retrodiscal tissue. The method was applied to the normal group and TMD group. The TMD group was further divide into 3 groups Group I(little disc displacement), Group II(anterior disc displacement with reduction) and Group III(anterior disc displacement without reduction). The results were as follows. 1. The normal group showed the location of the articular disc within -10-0degree or with a wider allowance, within -10-10degree from the reference line GC. 2. The TMD group showed the disc located within -21.0-125.8degree,with two peaks at 0-100 and 60-800, suggesting that the group may be composed of more than two different subgroups. 3. The threshold point delineating the normal and TMD states was 0degree, because 82.5% of normal group appeared below 0degree and 94.8% of TMD group appeared above 0degree. 4. Since the angular disc displacement tends to increase from Group I to Group III, the angular displacement increases as the overall severiety of the disease increases, and the chance for a reduction of the disc decreases. 5. The normal group, Group I, Group II, and Group III can be categorized into statistically different groups. The normal group and TMD group can be distinguished in reference to 0degree, while the presence-absence of the anterior disc displacement is judged in reference to 10degree, and the probability of the disc reduction can be estimated in reference to 50degree. The present study assesses the location of the articular disc from the sagittal central section offering a supplementary clinical classification. This system provides an additional information concerning the location of the disc, thereby offering an objective mean to evaluate the progress of the disease. Further studies may be needed on the clinical changes according to location of the disc, as well as the relationship between the morphological changes and the anterior or sideways displacement of the disc.
Classification ; Mandibular Condyle ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; Temporomandibular Joint*

No abstract available.
Temporomandibular Joint*