No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Microinjections* ; Zygote*

Shaken baby syndrome refers to the group of nonaccidental injuries occuring in infants and children as a consequence of violent shaking. The characteristic injuries include subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages, retinal hemorrhages, traction-typed metaphyseal fracture of long bone and fractures of the ribs. General physical findings may include bruising and burns, but sometimes no extracranial injuries are detected. Affected children are nearly always under 2 years of age or younger. Common symptoms include lethargy, irritability, seizures, increased or decreased muscle tone, poor feeding, impaired consciousness, vomiting and apnea. We experienced a case of shaken baby syndrome in a 3-month-old girl. Although the history of trauma(shaking) is little known, our findings of clinical and radiographic features corresponded to shaken baby syndrome. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:851-855)
Apnea ; Burns ; Child ; Consciousness ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lethargy ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Ribs ; Seizures ; Shaken Baby Syndrome* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vomiting

Control of tuberculosis is threatened by widesread emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rifampin is a key component among therapeutic regimens for the tuberculosis; therefore patients in whom resistance to this drug develop have a poor outlook, particularly if rifampin resistance is associated with resistance to other tuberculosis drugs. The purpose of this study was to detect the mutation in rpoB gene of rifampin resistant M. tuberculosis in Korea and to evaluate the usefulness of the method in clinical aspects. A sample of 80 M. tuberculosis was studied, and it included 40 rifampin resistance isolates and 40 rifampin sensitive isolates by conventional methods. The detection method involved the amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Rif' region and the identification of mutations by single-strand DNA conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) of the amplification products (157 bp). Mutation were identified in 39 of 40 rifampin resistant isolates, and in 1 of 40 rifampin sensitive isolates.
Humans ; Korea ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis

Control of tuberculosis is threatened by widespread emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Understanding the molecular basis of resistance might lead to development of novel rapid methods for diagnosing drug resistance. Rifampin is a key component among therapeutic regimens for the tuberculosis; therefore, patients who have drug resistance do not convalesce satisfactorily. The molecular mechanism of resistance to rifampin in M. tuberulosis has been elucidated. Substitutions of a limited number of highly conserved amino acids encoded by the rpoB gene are responsible for the ""single-step"" high-level resistance of M. tuberculosis to rifampin. Currently, two genotype-based protocols allow drug test from minimally grown cultured materials: (i)mutation identification by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified material. and (ii)mutation screening by PCR-SSCP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the both methods. A sample of 75 isolates of M. tuberculosis was studied, and it inculded 36 rifampin-resistant strains and 39 rifampin-sensitive strains by conventional methods. Mutaions were identified in 36 rifampin-resistant isolates but in none of 39 sensitive isolates. All mutations were clustered within a region of 23 amino acids. Both methods allow detection of rifampin resistance in 2 to 3 days and will thus help in the early management of infection by M. tuberculosis.
Amino Acids ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Electrocardiography* ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation*

To investigate the effect of hyperoxia on EKG findings and to evaluate the applicability of EKG as noninvasive monitoring index of oxygen toxicity, 38 rabbits were continuously exposed to 6 different conditions-3 hyperbaric oxygenations (HBO-2.5, 3.5 and 5ATA, 100% O2), normobaric oxygenation (NBO, 100% O2), hyperbaric aeration (HBA-5ATA, 21% O2) and normobaric aeration (NBA, 21% O2)-for 120 minutes and their EKG and time to dyspnea and convulsion were recorded. Dyspnea and death were observed in exposure conditions of HBO-3.5 and HBO-5 (Positive rate of dyspnea; 10%, 100%, death; 10%, 25%, respectively) only, and convulsion in 4 oxygenation groups (NBO; 20%, HBO-2.5; 20%, HBO-3.5; 20%, HBO-5; 88%). Abnormal EKG findings included arrhythmia and ST-T changes and the incidences was increasing with doses(partial pressure of oxygen). In addition to EKG change, findings observed during exosure were dyspnea and convulsion in the order of appearence and when non specific ST-T change was accepted as positive (abnormal) finding, the frequency of abnormal EKG was statistically significant(p<0.01), but when it was excluded from positive results, the frequency of EKG change was not significant(p>0.05). These results suggest that the effect of hyperoxia on heart is myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia, that oxygenation more than 3.5ATA causes myocardial damage in 120 minutes exposure, and that EKG is valuable as monitoring index of oxygen toxicity.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Hyperoxia* ; Incidence ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Oxygen ; Rabbits* ; Seizures

It was reported that many adverse effects occurred to the growth areas of the adolescent player due to repititous strain. The injuries mainly involved in the shoulder and elbow, and named as little leaguers Shoulder and Little Leaguers: Elbow in boy baseball player. But the stress fracture of olecranon epiphyseal plate was rare and reported in a few cases. We reported a case observed in an adolescent Judo Player.
Adolescent ; Baseball ; Elbow ; Fractures, Stress ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Male ; Martial Arts ; Olecranon Process ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Colon, Descending* ; Leiomyosarcoma*

A case of carcinoma of the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism was experienced at the department of orthopaedic surgery, C.A.F.G.H. This patient, a 23 years old male, had complained of a left shoulder pain during the past 3months. And weakness of the lower extremities causing walking disturbance, multiple bone pain, and polyuria had occurred sinoe one month before admission. Physical examination revealed a hard palpable mass in the right anterior region of the neck. Radiologic examination revealed subperiosteal bone resorption in phalanges of the hands and feet, generalized osteoporosis and cystic lesions, and pathologic fracture of the ribs, left humerus, and left femur. Laboratory studies demonstrated hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, increased alkaline phosphatase and PTH, hypercalciuria, and hyperphophaturia. Sonogram and C-T scan of the neck revealed a mass in the right inferior portion of the thyroid. Rib biopsy revealed the findings of ostitis fibrosa cystica, and parathyroid gland and regional lymph node biopsy revealed a parathyroid carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biopsy ; Bone Resorption ; Femur ; Foot ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Hand ; Humans ; Humerus ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hypophosphatemia ; Lower Extremity ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteoporosis ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Physical Examination ; Polyuria ; Ribs ; Shoulder Pain ; Thyroid Gland ; Walking

BACKGROUND : DHEAS, the major circulating adrenal hormone, has been suggested to have a role in many aging related diseases and perhaps in aging itself. But, there is no epidemiologic data of DHEAS in normal adults in Korea. We studied age changes and sex differences in serum DHEAS & its related factors throughout adulthood. METHODS : We administ structured questionnaires to the study subjects. We measured serum DHEAS levels and several biochemical markers (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, glucose etc) in 1.710 healthy men(857) and women (853), aged 17-76 years. We also measured their height, weight, waist & hip circumference and body fat contents with bioimpedance method. We analyzed various variables relating to serum DHEAS levels by using SPSS. Reference data of serum DHEAS level in normal adults were also suggested. RESULTS : The DHEAS concentration peaked at age group blow age of 30 years in man(260.9 microgram/dL). Then mean values declined steadily in both sexes (r=-0.38, p<0.001 in men and r=-0.46, p<0.001 in women). At age group above 70 years, only 30.9% in men & 30.4% in women, when compared with age group below 30 years, was remained. DHEAS concentration were significantly higher in men than women at all age group except age group above 70 years. Average 1.5 times higher concentration in men than in women (at least 1.28 times at age<30 and max 2.00 times at age 60-64). In men, DHEAS had higher mean value in smokers (218.1 vs 199.1 microgram/dL, p<0.05), drinkers (>or=2 times/week, 219.1 vs 185.3 microgram/dL, p<0.01), android type fat distribution group (waist/hip>0.85, 227.1 vs 197.4 microgram/dL) after adjusting age. DHEAS was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.12, p<0.01). But in women, drinkers (154.3 vs 131.7 microgram/dL, p<0.05) and regular exercise group (146.1 vs 131.6 microgram/dL, p=0.05) had higher mean DHEAS value. There were no significant association between DHEAS and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) & fasting glucose level in both sex. CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that DHEAS levels may influenced by several sociodemographic factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol, exercise etc) and body mass index. DHEAS level was inversely correlated by age in both sex and men had 1.5 times higher DHEAS values than women. We could not find any association between DHEAS level and lipid profile & fasting blood sugar.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Aging ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate* ; Dehydroepiandrosterone* ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Characteristics* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Waist-Hip Ratio