No abstract available.
Wandering Spleen*

OBJECTIVE: Heat shock protein family is related to protective mechanism of cells by environmental changes. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) expression in mouse ovarian tissue. METHODS: Cryopreservation of mouse ovarian tissue was carried out by slow freezing method. The mRNA level of Hsp90 expression in both fresh and cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue was analyzed by RT-PCR. The protein expression of Hsp90 was evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein of Hsp90 were expressed in both fresh and cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue. The amount of Hsp90 mRNA was increased in cryopreserved ovarian tissue after 60 and 90 minutes after thawing and incubation. The amount of Hsp90 protein was increased in the cryopreserved ovarian tissue after 6 hours of the incubation in Western blot analysis. In immunohistochemical study, Hsp90 protein was localized in cytoplasm of oocytes and granulosa cells. Significant level of immunoreactive Hsp90 protein was detected in theca cells contrast to the weak expression in ovarian epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: This results showed the increase of Hsp90 expression in both mRNA and protein level in the cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue. It can be suggested that Hsp90 may play a role in the protective or recovery mechanism against the cell damage during cryopreservaion.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cryopreservation* ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Freezing ; Granulosa Cells ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice* ; Oocytes ; RNA, Messenger ; Theca Cells

The contraceptive implant is an effective and well-established method of contraception. A 43-year-old woman presented with paresthesia and weakness of left hand. Symptoms began 3 weeks ago, immediately after removal of a contraceptive device in the left arm. A nerve conduction study showed proximal median neuropathy, and ultrasonography revealed focal swelling of the median nerve at the level of removal. Although nerve damage is a rare complication, special care should be taken to avoid nerve injury during removal procedure.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography(CT) scanning in classification and selection of treatment method for distal radius fractures involving articular surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plain radiographs and CT scans of 42 patients with intraarticular distal radius fractures was analysed for type of fractures and surgical indication and then the results were compared. RESULTS: Fracture types were changed in 15 of 42 patients. 10 patients with AO B1, B3, C1 or C2 type fractures were reclassified as C3 type, which suggested that CT scan revealed articular comminution more accurately. According to the assesment of plain radiographs, 16 patient needed surgical treatment. However additional 17(68%) patients were necessary operation on the bases CT scan evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of intraarticular fractures of distal radius using CT scan was useful for fracture classification and selection of treatment methods, which provided an accurate assessment of fracture patterns and reduction status.
Equidae ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Radius ; Radius Fractures

The management of the third molar tooth in mandibular angle fracture is still controversial. Retrospective analysis of 197 cases of mandibular angle fractures associated with third molar tooth was undertaken. Selective prophylactic extraction of the third molar teeth were undertaken in 66 cases. The third molar teeth were retained in 131 fractures. The indication of extraction of the third molar teeth in mandibular angle fracture were as follows: 1) interfering with reduction of the fracture; 2) excessive mobility; 3) exposure of tooth root due to distraction of the fracture; 4) fractured teeth; 5) severely carious tooth 6) infected supporting structure. There were no significant differences between the complication rate in the "tooth removed" group and "tooth retained" group. Complications were minimal. Therefore proper management of the third molar tooth in mandibular angle fracture will minimize complication.
Molar, Third* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth Root ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: Intracavernosal self injection therapy is now being widely used to treat patients with erectile dysfunction. However, there is a large number of patients who give up the self injection program due to the fear of injection. Therefore, less invasive route of drug administration is highly recommended. We investigated the efficacy of intraurethral instillation of Prostaglandin El (PGE1 ) solution in the patients who showed full erection with intracavernosal injection of PGE1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine impotent patients who showed full erection with intracavernosal injection of PGE1 were included in this study. We estimated the grades and durations of the penile erection after intraurethral instillation of PGE1 RESULTS: Sixteen out of 29 patients(55.2%) showed full erection with intraurethral instillation. Two patients(6.9%) showed urethral pain which disappeared within 24 hours. But there was no systemic side effect CONCLUSIONS: Intraurethral instillation of PGE1 appears to be safe, well tolerated, and less invasive treatment modality Thus it can be selected as an alternative treatment of impotence in selected cases.
Alprostadil* ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It have been reported that operative mortality and morbidity rate rise significantly when emergency cholecystectomy is performed in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis(AC), and many studies have also concluded that delayed or interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in patients with AC demonstrated high conversion rate and complication rate compared with early LC. However, if the acutely inflamed gallbladder(GB) is decompressed by emergent percutaneous gallbladder drainage(PGBD), it may decrease the technical difficulty of LC allowing successful delayed LC or may decrease the wound complication of delayed open cholecystectomy, when the patient is in better condition. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the outcome of delayed cholecystectomy focused on LC following PGBD in patients with AC METHODS: A total of 181 patients with AC were divided into PGBD(n= 66) and non-PGBD group(n= 115), and each group were subdivided into PGBD-delayed LC(after 72 hours of admission, n= 32), PGBD-open cholecystectomy(n= 20), non-PGBD-early LC(within 72 hours of admission, n= 40), non- PGBD-delayed LC(n= 17), non PGBD-open cholecystectomy group(n= 58) and others. PGBD group had higher incidence of comorbidity compared with non-PGBD group. Outcomes of cholecystectomy was assessed by conversion rate and morbidity rate(chi2 test), LC time and hospital stay(median test) for LC, and morbidity for open cholecystectomy in PGBD group compared with those of non PGBD group. RESULTS: PGBD promptly relieved of symptom of AC in 94 % of patients and showed 3 % of technical failure and 4.5 % of complication rate. Compared with non PGBD-early and delayed LC group, the PGBD-delayed LC group showed longer LC time(median 110 min vs 82.5, p < 0.05, vs 95 min), a little lower conversion rate(12.5 % vs 22.5 % vs 17.6 %), similar morbidity rate(19% vs 17.5 % vs 29 %) and prolonged total hospital stay(median 12.5 days vs 7 days, p < 0.001, vs 10 days). In open cholecystectomy series, PGBD group showed lower morbidity rate compared with non PGBD group(5% vs 24 %, p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Unlike to open cholecystectomy series, PGBD did not significantly improve the outcome of LC for AC as assessed by conversion and morbidity rate and hospital stay compared with non PGBD. Thus we can conclude that although PGBD is a safe and effective emergency procedure for AC, it should be limited to higher risk group such as elderly or critically ill patients and to acalculous cholecystitis.
Acalculous Cholecystitis ; Aged ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholecystitis, Acute* ; Comorbidity ; Critical Illness ; Drainage* ; Emergencies ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVES: To determine the utilization of oral health services in community health centers in Korea. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved secondary analysis of data obtained from the 2011-2012 Community Health Survey. The data were analyzed to determine the utilization of community oral health services. A total of 458,417 people (weighted sample was 80,268,227) were included. A multistage probability proportional systematic sampling method was used. The dependent variable was the utilization of community oral health services. The independent variables were region (city, town, and district), demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, income, occupation, and basic livelihood security), oral health status, and overall health status. The differences in the utilization of community oral health services related to independent variables were analyzed using an independent t-test and ANOVA. Additionally, a Scheffe post-hoc test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW statistics 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), at the 5% significance level. RESULTS: The average utilization rate was 26.3% for community health care services and 4.3% for oral health services during the study period in Korea. Utilization was associated with old age and lower education and income levels (P<0.01). Furthermore, residents having poor oral health, chewing discomfort, and unmet dental needs most frequently used the community oral health services. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of community oral health services was low in Korea. The needs and circumstances of communities should be considered and unique regional structural characteristics should be identified to plan and execute oral health programs and incorporate them with community health care services for overall community health.
Community Health Centers* ; Community Health Services ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Health Surveys* ; Korea ; Mastication ; Occupations ; Oral Health*

PURPOSE:This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of thrombocytopenia in children taking valproate for convulsive disorders. METHODS:From Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2005, we reviewed the medical recordes of 54 children with convulsive disorders taking valproate over a period of 12 months. Then, we estimated the prevalence of thrombocytopenia, and analyzed the relationship between changes in platelet counts and other factors such as age, sex, serum valproate levels and the duration of valproate therapy. RESULTS:Six(11.1%) children taking valproate had at least one episode of thrombocytopenia. The platelet counts were significantly lowered at 3 months after valproate therapy and recovered after 6 months(P<0.05). The relationship between the platelet counts and other factors such as blood valproate levels, sex and age was not observed in our study. CONCLUSION:Thrombocytopenia can appear after a few months of therapy and regular monitorings of platelet counts in children taking valproate may be needed to prevent potential bleeding diathesis.
Child* ; Disease Susceptibility ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Platelet Count ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors* ; Thrombocytopenia* ; Valproic Acid*

The goals of reconstruction of orbital blowout fracture are to restore continuity, to provide support of orbital contents and to prevent functional and anatomic defects. Various materials such as autogenous and alloplastic implants have been used to reconstruct the defect of orbital wall fracture. Autogenous implants such as bone and cartilage have the advantages of excellent biocompatibility and low rates of infection. On the other hand, they have the disadvantage of donor site morbidity. Alloplastic implants have potential risk of tissue inflammation and migration within orbit or anterior to the skin although they are easy to use without any disadvantages of donor site morbidity. To cover these disadvantages of various materials, we used the resorbable materials in mesh form(Biosorb FX(R)) in orbital wall reconstruction. Seventeen patients with blowout fracture defect were operated with 0.8mm thickness resorbable material in mesh form and fourteen of them were followed-up (Minimum, 9 months; maximum, 30 months). The results were satisfactory in most cases. Some of them showed minor problems for a short time; One patient had persistent 2mm enophthalmos, but no further surgical correction was required. Transient diplopia in four patients disappeared in two weeks. Lower eyelid swelling in two patients lasted for more than two weeks, but no inflammation, migration or extrusion of implants were observed. Resorbable materials allow initial sufficient stability and are gradually resorbed through the physiologic process. So no permanent implants that might affect facial growth, create interference with radiologic imaging, or be susceptible to infection and extrusion remain. Resorbable mesh plates we used are made of copolymers of Dextro(D)-polylactic acid and Levo(L)-polylactic in 30: 70 ratio. They were well tolerated by tissue, giving adequate support to healing of bone defect. During the follow-up period(mean 14 months), no significant problems were observed.
Cartilage ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Orbit* ; Polymers* ; Skin ; Tissue Donors