Baculoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism

To obtain chicken CD40L protein, the cDNA was prepared from chicken splenic cells and used as a template to clone and amplify CD40L by PCR. The target gene was cloned into pFastBac vector to construct a pFastBac-chCD40L donor plasmid. Recombinant plasmid was transformed into DH10Bac and recombinant Bacmid-chCD40L was obtained. The Bacmid-chCD40L plasmid was transfected into sf9 insect cells to obtain His-chCD40L protein. In addition, the target gene was cloned into pQM01 vector to construct a pQM01-chCD40L plasmid, recombinant plasmid was transfected into HEK 293T cells to obtain Strep-chCD40L protein. The chCD40L protein was purified by affinity chromatography, and the concentration of purified chCD40L protein was determined to be 0.01 mg/mL. Primary cells were isolated from the bursal tissue of 3-week old SPF chickens, and the chCD40L protein was added to the culture medium to stimulate cells. The chCD40L could bind to CD40 on B cells as examined by Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry, suggesting that chCD40L protein is biologically active. We successfully obtained chicken CD40L protein of biological activity, which laid the foundation in the in vitro culture of primary B lymphocytes for the isolation and diagnosis of virulent IBDV.
Animals ; Baculoviridae/genetics* ; CD40 Ligand/genetics* ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genetic Vectors/genetics* ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics*

The increasing popularity of eukaryotic expression systems can be attributed to their capability of performing many post-translational modifications. At present, There mainly are three expression systems including yeast expression system, insect cell expression system and mammalian cell expression system. The methylotropic yeast Pichia Pastoris usually utilizes alcohol oxidase promoter to drive the expression of foreign gene. Recently, a continuous fermentation has been developed in Pichia Pastoris with the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter. The baculovirus-mediated insect cell expression system is considered to be safe, powerful, but cell-lytic. Baculovirus-S2 system uses the popular and genetically well understood Drosphila S2 cells which do not appear to be lysed after infection. In mammalian cell expression system, recombinant adenovirus are attracting a great deal of attention as a highly efficient gene transfer vehicle. The frequency of Ad vector rescue by homologous recombination in E. coli and Cre-mediated site-specific recombination is significantly higher than by homologous recombination in vivo. Tetracycline-regulatable system is a widely used mammalian cell inducible expression system due to its high efficiency and stringency.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Pichia ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Recombination, Genetic

It has been reported that baculoviruses could serve as a new gene-transfer vehicle for mammalian cells. We have previously constructed recombinant baculovirus BacV-CMV-EGFPA and have proven that mammalian cells could be effectively infected by the recombinant baculovirus. In this report, we studied the efficiency of baculovirus to deliver exogenous gene into twenty mammalian cells, including twelve human cell lines (WI-38, Hela, HepG2, 293, PLC/PRF/5, 143B, MCF-7, BGC-223, DMS 114, CNE, Raji, LCL-cm), seven murine cell lines (BNL 1ME A.7R.1, CHO-K1, L-929, JC, PT67, NIH3T3, P815) and one monkey cell line (CV1). Results showed that most mammalian cell lines could be transduced by the recombinant baculovirus, the transduction efficiencies of the human and monkey cell lines were markedly higher than that of murine cell lines, and the transduction efficiencies in adherent culture cell lines higher than that of suspend culture cell lines, implying that the infection efficiency of the baculovirus may be correlative with the organism used and the growth properties of the cell lines. The plasmid pcDNA3. 1-EGFP, which contains the CMV promoter and EGFP reporter gene, was next transfected by LipofectAMINE into a number of mammalian cells, especially those cells that were low in the baculovirus transfection. Results showed that the CMV promoter could effectively direct the expression of the reporter gene in these mammalian cells. Therefore the gene-expression efficiencies in different mammalian cell lines by the recombinant baculovirus which contains the same CMV promoter were dictated by the ability of the baculovirus to enter the cell lines. This study suggested that the recombinant baculovirus vector is more suitable for gene expression in primate adherent culture cells than in murine cells and suspend culture cells.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Spodoptera

OBJECTIVETo construct recombinant baculoviruses co-expressing three structural genes vp2, vp6 and vp7 of rotavirus, and assemble rotavirus-like particles (VLPs) in BmN cells.

METHODSHuman group A rotavirus was cultivated in MA104 cells, and the RNA was extracted and the three genes were obtained by RT-PCR. The PCR products were inserted into the transfer vectors pFBDM and pUCDM, respectively. A enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) driven by IE1 promoter was introduced into pFBDM to investigate the efficiency of infection. The expression baculoviruse was constructed by Tn7 and Cre-LoxP recombinant and transfected into BmN cells. The gene expression was determined by detecting 6-His tag fused into VP7 C-terminus, and the assembled VLPs were observed by transmission electron micrography.

RESULTSThree genes of rotavirus were cloned and BmMultiBac was constructed. The genes were expressed and the rotavirus-like particles assembled in BmN cells successfully as verified by ELISA and electron microscope.

CONCLUSIONWe have successfully constructed the recombinant baculovirus co-expressing the 3 structural genes of rotavirus, which provide the basis for producing protein complex containing multiple subunits and investigation of the structure of the macromolecules.

Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bombyx ; virology ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; metabolism

Based on site-specific transposition of an expression cassette into a baculovirus shuttle vector (Bacmid) which propagated in Escherichia coli, the Bac-to-Bac System provides a rapid and efficient method to generate recombinant baculoviruses and is widely used for high level expression of heterologous proteins. And the efficiency of recombinant baculovirus infecting cells plays an important role on the protein expression. In this study, we introduced an EGFP expression cassette driven by polyhedrin promoter into the p74 locus of Bacmid by homologous recombination. The target Bacmid-egfp was then transformed into E. coli DH10B containing the transposition helper plasmid to gain a new transposition receipt strain E. coli DH10Bac-egfp. Because of the intact attTn7 sites and lacZ', target gene cloned in a pFastBac vector can be transposed into the Bacmid-egfp shutter vector to construct recombinant baculovirus, which would allow the tracing of the target protein expression and the recombinant Bacmid transfection or recombinant baculoviral infection under fluorescence microscopes. Recombinant virus Bac-egfp-DsRed was constructed by transposing DsRed into the Bacmid-egfp in E. coliDHl0Bac-egfp, and the Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant virus expressed DsRed and EGFP efficiently. Another protein IL-6 fused with 6 x his tag was expressed and purified sucessfully from Sf9 cells infected with recombinant virus Bac-egfp-6 x his-IL6 constructed by the improved Bac-to-Bac system.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Spodoptera

Baculoviruses are a family of arthropod-specific viruses that produce two morphologically distinct types of virions (budded and occlusion-derived) in their lifecycle. Baculoviruses establish infection in the midgut of their host via the oral route: occlusion-derived virions have pivotal roles in these processes. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of baculoviruses, and discusses the composition and classification of baculovirus occlusion-derived virions. The latter focuses mainly on the evolution and role of multiple occlusion-derived virions in the lifecycle of baculoviruses. These achievements should aid understanding the evolution and infection mechanisms of baculoviruses.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; Insecta ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virion ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo obtain recombinant human CYP2E1 and to determine its activity by using the specific probe substrate.

METHODSCYP2E1 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR using human liver RNA as template. The cloned CYP2E1 cDNA was ligated with pFastBac vector to generate recombinant pFastBac-CYP2E1, which was then transformed into E. coli DH 10 Bac. Recombinant Bacmid-CYP2E1 was generated by transposition. Then Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells was infected with Bacmid-CYP2E1 to generate recombinant baculoviruses carrying human CYP2E1 cDNA. Finally, Sf9 insect cells were triinfected with recombinant baculoviruses carrying human CYP2E1, CYPOR and CYPb5. The activity of the recombinant enzymes was determined using chlorzoxazone as the substrate.

RESULTThe Kmand Vmaxof recombinant CYP2E1 to chlorzoxazone was (72.4 +/-8.7) micromol. L(-1) and (2.41 +/-0.10) micromol.min(-1)?g(-1)protein, respectively.

CONCLUSIONActive recombinant CYP2E1 has been obtained by bac-to-bac expression system and its activity is similar to previous reports.

Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Spodoptera ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

To produce the recombinant baculovirus transfer plasmid pFast-ORF2, the ORF2 gene of Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was subcloned into baculovirus transfer vector (pFastBac(TM1) ) using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. E. coli DH10Bac (Gibco BRL) containing baculovirus shutter vector (bacmid) and helper vector was transformed with recombinant plasmid pFast-ORF2. Within E. coli DH10Bac, the ORF2 gene was transposed into the bacmid. The colonies of E. coli containing recombinant bacmid (Bac. ORF2) were collected by blue/white selection. The Bac. ORF2 was transfected into sf9 cells to yield AcNPV carrying the PCV2 ORF2 gene, referred to as Ac. ORF2. Expression of the ORF2 gene of PCV2 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IIFA), SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The expressed ORF2 gene product had a molecular mass of 28kD and could be recognized by the positive serum of PCV2. The results indicated the ORF2 gene was properly expressed in sf9 cell. It was noteworthy that many self-assembled virus-like particles (VLPs) were found in purified and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) stained PCV2 ORF2 protein by electron microscope. The particles were of similar morphology to the PCV2 virion and some self-assembled virus-like particles had darkly stained centers that made them appear to be empty capsids. Both PCV2 particles and self-assembled particles were approximately 17 nm in diameter.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Circovirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Insecta ; cytology ; metabolism ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Swine ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virion

To construct a novel baculovirus expression system of Spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, the 5' end and 3' end-flanking fragments of ph gene were amplified from the genome DNA of SpltMNPV, Japan-C3 strain using two pairs of primers synthesized according to SpltMNPV China-G2 strain genome DNA sequence published in GenBank. To obtain the transfer vector pSplt-gfp, the fragment of gfp gene was inserted into this vector between two fragments tandem linked into pUC18. The spli cells were cotransfected with pSplt-gfp and the wild SpltMNPV genome DNA. The recombinant virus containing gfp was selected with the limited dilution method. The fluorescence can be observed in the spli cells and the 3rd instar larvae after 24 and 48 hours by infection of the recombinant virus, respectively. The result showed that the recombinant virus was obtained successfully. It will be helpful to establish Spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus expression system and more effective pesticide for Spodoptera litura.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Larva ; genetics ; virology ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus ; genetics ; Spodoptera ; genetics ; virology