Primary surgical infections are the second most common cause of surgical admission and contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality of surgical patients in developing countries. This study aimed to determine a bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in primary surgical infections. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study including 150 patients diagnosed clinically as primary surgical infections. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on the isolates using the disc diffusion method. Results: Positive cultures were obtained from 122 patients; Gram-positive bacteria were responsible for 48% (n = 59), Gram-negative for 39% (n = 48), mixed flora for 10% (n = 12) and Candida for 2% (n = 3) of primary surgical infections. The alarming finding was that 78% of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to oxacillin (MRSA) and 83% resistant to cephalosporins, whilst 3 isolates showed intermediate resistance to vancomycin. Gram-negative isolates also demonstrated antibiotic resistance. Conclusions: This study provides recent baseline data both on the bacterial profile and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns in primary surgical infections in the Papua New Guinean setting and it should guide therapeutic policies in the country. There is a growing need for surveillance of the local microbiological epidemiology and for antimicrobial stewardship to ensure that the empirical use of antibiotics is appropriate.
Bacterial diseases/Diagnosis ; Anti-infective agents/Therapeutic use

Advances in the antimicrobials lower the mortality rate in most infectious diseases. But bacterial infections of the CNS is still one of the life-threatening infections. Untreated acute bacterial meningitis is fatal in 70% to 100% of patients. With appropriate antibacterial therapy, the case-fatality rate had been greatly reduced with death occurring principally in the very young the very old, or those with potentially lethal underlying diseases. Early recognition and antimicrobial therapy is mostly desirable. The causes of acute bacterial meningitis vary with age and the clinical setting under which the infection occurs. Empirical antibiotic treatment was started immediately on suspicion of the bacterial meningitis prior to etiologic diagnosis. The most effective and least toxic bactericidal drugs should be selected on the basis of known or predicted susceptibility of the bacterial cause of the disease. After the identification of the specific organism and determination of susceptibilities, effective antimicrobial was administered parenterally at maximum dose. The third-generation cephalosporins(cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and ceftzidime) offer new advantages in the treatment of meningitis because they are active at the CSF concentraions obtainable. Newer antimicrobials(monobactam and newer quinolones) with improved access and an appropriately focused spectrum for CNS infections will become available.
Bacterial Infections* ; Ceftriaxone ; Central Nervous System* ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Mortality

The value of combined detection of neutrophil apolipoprotein (HNL), serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infectious diseases. A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of infected patients and healthy people in the clinical department of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from September to December in 2022. 100 patients with confirmed infection were divided into bacterial infection group (n=50) and virus infection group (n=50), and 50 healthy people were selected as control group (n=50). Fasting venous blood was collected at the initial stage of admission or on the day of physical examination. HNL was detected by double antibody sandwich method, SAA and CRP were detected by nephelometry, and PCT was detected by chemiluminescence method. The efficacy of infection markers in the differential diagnosis of bacterial infection and viral infection in infected patients was evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of HNL, SAA, PCT and CRP in bacterial and viral infectious diseases; Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of each index on the diagnostic efficiency. The results showed that the levels of HNL (126.60±33.32) ng/ml, PCT (28.02±11.37) ng/ml and CRP (36.13±14.37) mg/L in bacterial infection group were significantly higher than those of HNL (47.72±15.94) ng/ml, PCT (1.27±0.40) ng/ml, CRP (18.77±10.66) mg/L in virus group and HNL (38.21±12.53) ng/ml, PCT (0.38±0.12) ng/ml and CRP (4.13±1.07) mg/L in control group. The level of HNL increased most significantly (F=89.228, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) from large to small was HNL+SAA+PCT+CRP (0.976), HNL (0.907), PCT (0.885), CRP (0.856), SAA (0.790), SAA/CRP (0.733). The level of SAA/CRP in virus infection group (94.05±3.75) was significantly higher than that in bacteria group (17.70±3.69) and control group (3.89±1.50) (F=84.005, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) from large to small was HNL+SAA+PCT+CRP (0.986), SAA/CRP (0.956), SAA (0.878), HNL (0.768), CRP (0.742), PCT (0.730). In conclusion, HNL has the best auxiliary diagnostic efficacy in bacterial infection, followed by PCT; SAA/CRP has the best auxiliary diagnostic efficacy in viral infection, followed by SAA; the combined detection of serum HNL, SAA, PCT and CRP may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections.
Humans ; C-Reactive Protein ; Procalcitonin ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; Retrospective Studies ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis* ; Bacteria ; Communicable Diseases ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis*

The value of combined detection of neutrophil apolipoprotein (HNL), serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infectious diseases. A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of infected patients and healthy people in the clinical department of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from September to December in 2022. 100 patients with confirmed infection were divided into bacterial infection group (n=50) and virus infection group (n=50), and 50 healthy people were selected as control group (n=50). Fasting venous blood was collected at the initial stage of admission or on the day of physical examination. HNL was detected by double antibody sandwich method, SAA and CRP were detected by nephelometry, and PCT was detected by chemiluminescence method. The efficacy of infection markers in the differential diagnosis of bacterial infection and viral infection in infected patients was evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of HNL, SAA, PCT and CRP in bacterial and viral infectious diseases; Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of each index on the diagnostic efficiency. The results showed that the levels of HNL (126.60±33.32) ng/ml, PCT (28.02±11.37) ng/ml and CRP (36.13±14.37) mg/L in bacterial infection group were significantly higher than those of HNL (47.72±15.94) ng/ml, PCT (1.27±0.40) ng/ml, CRP (18.77±10.66) mg/L in virus group and HNL (38.21±12.53) ng/ml, PCT (0.38±0.12) ng/ml and CRP (4.13±1.07) mg/L in control group. The level of HNL increased most significantly (F=89.228, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) from large to small was HNL+SAA+PCT+CRP (0.976), HNL (0.907), PCT (0.885), CRP (0.856), SAA (0.790), SAA/CRP (0.733). The level of SAA/CRP in virus infection group (94.05±3.75) was significantly higher than that in bacteria group (17.70±3.69) and control group (3.89±1.50) (F=84.005, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) from large to small was HNL+SAA+PCT+CRP (0.986), SAA/CRP (0.956), SAA (0.878), HNL (0.768), CRP (0.742), PCT (0.730). In conclusion, HNL has the best auxiliary diagnostic efficacy in bacterial infection, followed by PCT; SAA/CRP has the best auxiliary diagnostic efficacy in viral infection, followed by SAA; the combined detection of serum HNL, SAA, PCT and CRP may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections.
Humans ; C-Reactive Protein ; Procalcitonin ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; Retrospective Studies ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis* ; Bacteria ; Communicable Diseases ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis*

Renal Infarction is a rare disease and in 90% of patients with renal infarction, underlying cardiac disease is presented. Most often this includes valvular heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, rheumatic heart disease with fibrillation, or subacute bacterial endocarditis. The correct clinical diagnosis and appropriate treatment of renal infarction are often delayed. Three cases of renal infarction were presented with review of literature.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Diagnosis ; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Rare Diseases ; Rheumatic Heart Disease

Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease in female genital organ, which occurs most commonly with intrauterine device. Because of it's diverse clinical manifestation and progress, the diagnosis is made postoperatively by pathologic confirm in most cases and adequate medical treatment is required. Ureter obstruction is one of the common complication of pelvic actinomycosis, but it's management has been very variable by cases. If physician operate this after adequate management of ureter and preoperative antibiotics therapy, the risk of pelvic structure injury is reduced and then a patient can be saved from an extensive surgical procedure. We experienced a case of pelvic actinomycosis complicated by tubo-ovarian abscess with ureter obstruction and hydronephrosis, improving by Double J catheter insertion and preoperative antibiotics therapy and report it with brief review of literatures.
Abscess ; Actinomycosis* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Intrauterine Devices ; Ureter*

The usefullness of monocytosis in routine CMC as an aid in diagnosis of several diseases was evaluated in infancy and children. 234 cases in which the absolute count was more than 750 mono cyte per cubic millimeter were the subject of this study. The following results were obtained; 1) 234 cases (2.9%) of total 8069 patients from Oct. 1977 to Aug. 1978 showed monocytosis. 2) monocytosis was found in infectious diseases, hematologic disorders and malignant diseases. Most common cause of absolue monocytosis was infectious diseases(73%). 3) The 171 cases in infectious diseases group included congenital syphilis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, bacterial meningitis, bacillary dysentery, etc. And weconcluded that the monocytosis is useful as an aid in diagnosing several disease.
Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Pneumonia ; Syphilis, Congenital ; Tuberculosis

Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare chronic anaerobic infectious disease, which occurs most commonly in association with an IUD. It is difficult to diagnose the disease initially. In most cases, the diagnosis is made postoperatively because of its diverse clinical manifestations and courses. Besides it is frequently misdiagnosed as pelvic malignancy or endometriosis. If physician has a full understand to these characteristics of pelvic actinomycosis, the use of preoperative antibiotics can reduce the risk of pelvic structure injuries and then a patient can be saved from an extensive surgical procedure. We experienced four cases of pelvic actinomycosis complicated by tubo-ovarian abscess in women wearing IUD and report it with a brief review. In three cases, it was helpful that preoperative intravenous antibiotics therapy.
Abscess ; Actinomycosis* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices*

Kaposi's varricelliform eruption is a characteristic syndrome of disseminated vesiculopustules superimposed on variable pre-existing dermatoses. Among these, atopic dermatitis is most common disease. We report two cases of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption associated with atopic dermatitis in a pair of identical twins. Diagnosis was made by the history, clinical feature, histologic examination and serologic test. These patients' condition was much improved by the treatment with antiviral agent and antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption* ; Serologic Tests ; Skin Diseases ; Twins, Monozygotic*

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a rare disease which represents a chronic suppurative and scarring process, affecting the apocrine glands due to persistent bacterial infection and apocrine dysfunction. We have experienced a case of hidradenitis suppurativa, 22-year-old female which involved both axillary region. Diagnosis was established by clinical characteristicsymptoms, histopathological findings and bacteriological examinations.
Apocrine Glands ; Bacterial Infections ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hidradenitis Suppurativa* ; Hidradenitis* ; Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Young Adult