No abstract available.
Baclofen

We report a case of acute transient encephalopathy with mental alteration, myoclonic jerks, and periodic triphasic wave electroencephalographic patterns caused by a therapeutic dose of baclofen. The clinical and electroencephalo-graphic abnormalities improved to a normal range shortly after baclofen was discontinued. We discuss the pathogenesis and review the literature about baclofen-induced encephalopathies.
Baclofen ; Myoclonus ; Reference Values

Persistent hiccups are described as a recurring troublesome series of involuntary inspirations accompanied by glottic closure, lasting longer than a month. Recently, baclofen, the most effective treatment for intractable hiccups was found to be a useful drug for the management of chronic hiccups, and that substituting gabapentin for baclofen can be effective. Moreover, gabapentin was used successfully in combination with baclofen. We report here on three patients with persistent hiccups, where gabapentin was used successfully as an "add-on" with baclofen.
Baclofen* ; Hiccup* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Baclofen ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans

Hiccups are an involuntarily powerful spasm of the diaphragm, followed by a sudden inspiration with a closure of the glottis. Hiccups that are caused by gastric distention, spicy foods and neural dysfunction can resolve themselves without any treatment. Some hiccups are associated with certain diseases or they occur postsurgically, and life-restricting intractable hiccups should be treated. The cause of hiccups should be quickly determined so as to administer the proper treatment. Hiccups often remit spontaneously within a short period of time, but they may also occur without remission for a prolonged period in some cases. We report here on a 36-year-old man who suffered with intractable hiccups for 5 years. We administered a single oral dose of baclofen, and then the hiccups disappeared. We conclude that a single dose of baclofen is a good treatment for intractable hiccups.
Adult ; Baclofen ; Diaphragm ; Glottis ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Spasm

No abstract available.
Baclofen* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Hiccup* ; Omeprazole*

9 patients with spasticity of cerebral or spinal cord origin have been maintained for upto 2 months with intermittent bolus spinal intrathecal infusion of baclofen. Prior to treatment, all of patients had severe spastiuity in extremties & had frequent & extensive spontaneous spasms, all of which greatly interfered with their activities of daily living. Oral antispasmodic medications were ineffective. Within days of intrathecal baclofen infusion, the muscle tone was reduced remarkable & spasms were eliminated. The greatest benefit to the patients were improvement in activities of daily living & better sleep due to reduced spasms. Complications were not observed.
Activities of Daily Living ; Baclofen* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Spasm ; Spinal Cord

Periodic alternating nystagmus is a rare form of horizontal jerk nystagmus characterized by a periodical reversal in the direction of nystagmus. It implies a cerebellar disorder or lesions involving the vestibulocerebellar connections. We report a patient with an acquired form of periodic alternating nystagmus associated with meningoencephalitis. Its waveform characteristics were demonstrated by a video-nystagmogram. The brainstem lesions in our patient were thought to be responsible for her nystagmus.
Baclofen ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Humans ; Meningoencephalitis ; Nystagmus, Pathologic*

Intrathecal drug delivery is an effective and safe option for the treatment of chronic pathology refractory to conventional pain therapies. Typical intrathecal administered drugs are opioids, baclofen, local anesthetics and adjuvant medications. Although knowledge about mechanisms of action of intrathecal drugs are every day more clear many doubt remain respect the correct location of intrathecal catheter in order to achieve the best therapeutic result. We analyze the factors that can affect drug distribution within the cerebrospinal fluid. Three categories of variables were identified: drug features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and patients features. First category includes physicochemical properties and pharmacological features of intrathecal administered drugs with special attention to drug lipophilicity. In the second category, the variables in CSF flow, are considered that can modify the drug distribution within the CSF with special attention to the new theories of liquoral circulation. Last category try to explain inter-individual difference in baclofen response with difference that are specific for each patients such as the anatomical area to treat, patient posture or reaction to inflammatory stimulus. We conclude that a comprehensive evaluation of the patients, including imaging techniques to study the anatomy and physiology of intrathecal environment and CSF dynamics, could become essential in the future to the purpose of optimize the clinical outcome of intrathecal therapy.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthetics, Local ; Baclofen ; Catheters ; Chronic Pain ; Humans ; Posture

Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy has been proven to reduce severe spasticity in cerebral palsy (CP). However, few results reported the objective gait pattern change after ITB bolus injection in adult ambulatory CP. We therefore evaluated observational and kinematic gait patterns at different ITB bolus injection doses. We performed a test trial of 3-day ITB bolus injections at doses of 12.5 microg, 25 microg, and 50 microg in ambulatory CP. We evaluated modified Ashworth scale, visual analogue scale, observational gait scale, and kinematic gait analysis after ITB bolus injection. Intrathecal administration of low-dose baclofen 25 microg was successfully used not only for the treatment of spasticity but also for the treatment of gait disturbance, whereas the higher dose baclofen 50 microg induced foot drop and deteriorated gait pattern. We experienced dose-dependent changes in gait pattern confirmed by the observational and kinematic gait assessments after ITB bolus injection in adult ambulatory CP.
Adult* ; Baclofen* ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Foot ; Gait* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity