ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effects of phenytoin (PHT)on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and stem cell factor (SCF)based on the establishment of indirect co-culture system of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)and vascular endothelial cells (VECs).Methods Indirect co-culture model of rat BMSCs and VECs was established.Experimental groups:indirect co-culture groups (PHT concentrations were 0,20 and 40 μg/mL);the control group:BMSCs culture group and VECs culture group (PHT concentrations were 0,20 and 40μg/mL).The contents of VEGF and SCF in the culture supernatant were measured using double antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA method on cultivation days 2,4,6.Results ELISA assay of the rBMSCs and rVECs in indirect co-culture supernatants,collected on culture days 2,4 and 6 showed that:① VEGF:On culture day 2,VEGF level in the co-culture groups was significantly higher than those in BMSCs group (P <0.05)and rVECs group (P <0.001).As culture time prolonged and PHT concentration increased to 20 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL,VEGF level increased too (P <0.001,P <0.05 ).② SCF testing results showed that the secretion of SCF in co-culture groups was higher than that in the control groups.When PHT was 20 μg/mL,the secretion of
SCF increased as the incubation time increased;but as the incubation time increased, PHT concentration of 40 μg/mL made SCF content decrease.Each group did not significantly differ (P > 0.05 ).Conclusion PHT promotes the secretion of VEGF and may reduce the secretion of SCF.

The objective of the study is to predict the spatial structure and B‐cell epitopes of Mycoplasma suis ORF5 pro‐tein .The secondary structure ,hydrophilicity ,flexible region ,antigenic index and surface probability were analyzed and predic‐ted by the Protean module in DNAStar software and B Cell Epitope Prediction Tools of IDEB ,then B‐cell epitopes were predic‐ted by aggregate analysis .Results showed that the secondary structure of Mycoplasma suis ORF5 protein was relatively regu‐lar ,in which the potential B cell antigenic epitopes were located at GGVDGGRD ,GMRLPEDSR ,and EGHPDLESAR .The methods of prediction of the secondary structure and B‐cell epitopes of Mycoplasma suis ORF5 protein may provide a new method for the study of M .suis immunogenicity ,and provides a new idea for the study on immunogenicity of pathogenic micro‐organisms .

BACKGROUNDTarget-controlled infusion (TCI) has been recently developed and successfully implemented in clinical practice. The current study was to estimate the population pharmacokinetics of rocuronium TCI in adult patients using nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM), and to investigate the influence of relevant factors in adult patients.

METHODSFourteen ASA I-II patients undergoing elective laparoscopy operation with general anesthesia were included. After induction, all patients received rocuronium by TCI system. The beginning target plasma concentration (Cpt) was 2.0 µg/ml, then increased Cpt according to the neuromuscular transmission monitoring. The endpoint of Cpt was determined when the T₁ scale was blocked by 90% - 95%. TCI rocuronium was stopped 30 minutes before the end of the operation. Arterial blood was drawn before anesthesia at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes after the infusion of rocuronium was stopped for the analysis of plasma concentrations of rocuronium by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The population pharmacokinetics analysis was performed using NONMEM program.

RESULTSThe pharmacokinetics of TCI rocuronium in adult patients was best described by a three-compartment model. Pharmacokinetic parameters were clearance (CL)₁ = 0.205 L/min, CL₂ = 0.324 L/min, CL₃ = 0.0292 L/min, volumes of distribution (V)₁ = 4.00 L, V₂ = 2.28 L, V₃ = 4.26 L, Vdss = 10.54 L. Both age and weight as covariates affected the pharmacokinetic parameters. V₁ and CL₁ were negatively correlated with patient age. CL₁ was positively correlated with weight.

CONCLUSIONSNo pharmacokinetic change was noted when rocuronium was administered via TCI. Both age and weight as covariates affected the pharmacokinetic parameters.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To study the overweight and obesity situation among Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents in the last 25 years and to provide a basis on related prevention and control measures.Methods A cross-sectional study was used,with 18 366 aged 7 to 18 Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents involved.Surveys on their physical health,in 1985,2000 and 2010 were carried out.Comparison on the mean of BMI and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in different years,genders,location of residence (urban or rural) was also made.Results Over the past 25 years,among the aged 7 to 18 Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents,the overall trend on their means of BMI was increasing.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents were 2.1％,0.5％ in 1985,and 6.3％,2.4％ in 2000,with an increase of 2 to 4 times during the last 15 years.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were substantially increasing in the year 2010,to have reached 9.1％ and 6.6％,which were 4 to 12 times of the figures in 1985.The detection rates of overweight and obesity in urban boys were 1.2％,0 in 1985,7.9％,3.4％ in 2000 and 11.0％,11.8％ in 2010.However,the rate of obesity in the rural boys were 0.6％ and 0.6％ in 1985,2.8％,2.1％ in 2000 and 9.0％,3.4％ in 2010.In 1985 the rates of overweight and obesity in urban girls were 1.8％,0.3％,8.1％,4.3％ in 2000 and 9.4％,8.4％ in 2010.However,among the rural girls,the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity prevalence was 8.8％,2.2％ in 1985,4.5％,0.9％,in 2000 and 10.2％,4.5％ in 2010.The rates of overweight and obesity among groups in different years showed significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion Over the past 25 years,the prevalence rates on overweight and obesity increased significantly in Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents,and continued to rise,which called for reasonable and effective measures to be taken to prevent and control the occurrence of the problem.

Objective To study the effect of OK-432 in combination with IL-2 on Lewis lung cancer (LLC) growth and bcl-2 expression in C57BL/6 mice. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC were divided into 4 groups and injected with 0.9% NaCl solution, OK-432, IL-2 and OK-432/IL-2. The inhibition of tumor growth after the drug administration and the expression of bcl-2 in paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues were observed with SABC. Results The growth of LLC in the group with combined treatment was significantly inhibited. ( with inhibition rate of 60%, P < 0.05). The expression of bcl-2 in this group was significantly lowered compared with control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions OK-432 and IL-2 has distinct synergetic anti-tumor effect, possibly by attacking the tumor cells directly or indirectly, and the improved interaction of cells due to inhibition of bcl-2 gene expression and induction of tumor cell apoptosis may also contribute to this effect.

Objective:To study the curative effect of standard channel (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) PCNL combined with ultrasonic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi under the guidance of ultrasound, and analyze the influence factors of post-operative residual calculi.Methods: The data of 94 patients with upper urinary tract calculi were researched by using retrospective analysis. All of patients underwent the treatment of standard channel PCNL combined with ultrasonic pneumatic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi under the guidance of ultrasound. The curative effects of upper ureteral calculi, pelvis calculi, multiple renal calculi, kidney stone with ureteral calculi and renal staghorn calculi were observed, and the post-operative complications were further detected so as to grasp the situation of residual calculi and calculate the clearance rate of calculus. The difference of general documents between patients with residual calculi and those without residual calculi were compared, and the influence factors of residual calculi were analyzed by using Logistic regression equation.Results:The incidence of post-operative complication was 27.66%, the clearance rate of calculus was 67.2% and residual rate of calculus was 32.98%. The differences of location puncture time, establishing channel time and ostomy fistula time among the five kinds of patients were no significant (F=1.89,F=2.46, F=0.91,P>0.05). While the differences of calculus removed time, amount of bleeding in intra-operative period and length of stay among various kinds of patients were significant (F=81.90,F=35.84,F=4.17,P<0.05). Depended on the results of Logistic regression equation, the types of calculus, size of calculus, hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection and renal insufficiency were the influence factors of post-operative residual calculus of patients with upper urinary tract calculi who received the treatment of PCNL combined with ultrasonic pneumatic lithotripsy.Conclusion: PCNL combined with ultrasound pneumatic lithotripsy under the guidance of B ultrasound without major complications has better curative effect, and its clearance rate of calculus is higher. Besides, the types of calculus, size of calculus, hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection and renal insufficiency can increase the incidence of post-operative residual calculus and affect the curative effect.

Objective To study the effect of OK-432 in combination with IL-2 on Lewis lung cancer (LLC) growth and bcl-2 expression in C57BL/6 mice. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC were divided into 4 groups and injected with 0.9% NaCl solution, OK-432, IL-2 and OK-432/IL-2. The inhibition of tumor growth after the drug administration and the expression of bcl-2 in paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues were observed with SABC. Results The growth of LLC in the group with combined treatment was significantly inhibited. ( with inhibition rate of 60%, P < 0.05). The expression of bcl-2 in this group was significantly lowered compared with control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions OK-432 and IL-2 has distinct synergetic anti-tumor effect, possibly by attacking the tumor cells directly or indirectly, and the improved interaction of cells due to inhibition of bcl-2 gene expression and induction of tumor cell apoptosis may also contribute to this effect.

BACKGROUNDUncontrolled cell division is one of the hallmarks of tumor growth. Researches have been focused on numerous molecules involved in this process. Cyclins are critical regulatory proteins of cell cycle progression and/or transcription. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of cyclin L2, and to define its growth regulatory mechanisms using human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.

METHODSHuman cyclin L2 was transfected into human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cell), and was expressed in a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1. The effects and mechanisms of the cyclin L2 in cell growth, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry or Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSOverexpression of cyclin L2 inhibited the growth of A549 cells. Cell cycle analysis in cells transfected with pCCNL2 revealed an increment in proportion in G0/G1 phase ((68.07 +/- 4.2)%) in contrast to (60.39 +/- 2.82)% of the cells transfected with mock vector. Apoptosis occurred in (7.25 +/- 0.98)% cells transfected with pCCNL2, as compared with (1.25 +/- 0.21)% of the mock vector control group. Cyclin L2-induced-G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis involved upregulation of caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 and survivin.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that overexpression of cyclin L2 protein may promote efficient growth inhibition of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; biosynthesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclins ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; physiology ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the risk factors of extubation failure following surgical repair of congenital heart defects (CHD) in infants.Methods Infantile patients who underwent surgical repair of CHD under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2015 to October 2016 were included.According to results of extubation,the patients were divided into the extubation failure group and extubation success group.Clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed,including age,gender,body mass,the types of congenital heart disease,extracorporeal circulation time and the use of vasoactive drug,et al.Results Sixty cases were enrolled in this study.Among them 12 cases (7 males,5 females with the boy to girl ratio of 1.4 ∶ 1.0,and average age was 0.56 years old) were in the extubation failure group,in which 3 cases (25.0％)aged ＜3 months,5 cases(41.6％) aged 3-6 months.Eight cases(66.7％) weighed ≤5 kg and 4 cases(33.3％)weighed ＞ 5-10 kg.Forty-eight cases (27 males,21 females;the boy to girl ratio was 1.2 ∶ 1.0 and average age was 1.15 years old) were in the extubation success group.The distribution of age and body weight were significantly lower in the extubation failure group than those in the extubation success group [0.42 (0.37) years old vs.1.00 (1.08)years old,Z=-3.22,P＜0.01;5.00 (1.25) kgvs.8.40 (3.95) kg,Z=-3.57,P＜0.01].The durations of CPB and mechanical ventilation until the initial extubation were significantly longer in the extubation failure group than those in the extubation group [114.0 (110.O) minutes vs.80.0 (45.0) minutes,Z =1.59,P ＜ 0.05;142.5 (229.5)hours vs.14.0 (48.9) hours,Z =2.00,P ＜ 0.05].The incidences of airway spasm and pulmonary infection had no difference between the 2 groups (x2 =4.00,5.54,all P ＞ 0.05).Multiple Logistic regression showed thatthe duration of CPB was an independent risk factor of extubation failure [odds ratio (OR) =0.967,95％ CI:0.956-0.997,P =0.024].Conclusions The risk factors of extubation failure include young age,low body weight,and prolonged CPB and mechanical ventilation.CPB time is an independent risk factor of extubation failure following cardiac surgery in infants.