OBJECTIVE To learn the relationship between blood recipients with transfusion transmitted diseases before transfusion volunteer donors.METHODS HBsAg,HCV antibody,HIV antibody and syphilis antibody in recipients and donorst were tested.RESULTS From 11 037,HBsAg was positive in 1019 cases(9.233%),anti-HCV positive in 61 cases(0.553%),anti-HIV was positive in 2 cases(0.018%),and syphilis was positive in 88 cases(0.797%).From 57 794 donors,HBsAg was positive(0.606%) in 350 cases,anti-HCV positive in 163 cases(0.282%),anti-HIV positive in 4 cases(0.007%),and syphilis was positive in 347 cases(0.600%).CONCLUSIONS The positive rates of HBsAg,HCV antibody and syphilis antibody among recipients are higher than that in blood donors.So,it′s reasonably to detect these serum infection markers in recipients before transfusion for the purpose of reducing or eliminating the occurrence of iatrogenal transfusion transmitted infection.

Superficial temporal fascia,which has various names,such as temporal fascia,temporoparietal fascia,epicranial aponeurosis and galeal extension,has been used to define the fascial layers of the temporal region.All these different names reflect an anatomical feature of the related fascia.This region exists superficial temporal vessels,the temporal branch of the facial nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve,so is very important in otoplasty.This paper reviews the progress of superficial temporal fascia application in otoplasty.

A study of PDCA Cycle in managing hospital medical complaints may introduce such a cycle into the medical complaints control system of a hospital, effectively handling the medical complaints process. Since 2006 when the cycle was introduced into the hospital for medical complaints control, such complaints have been cut back significantly by the end of 2009. Furthermore, such complaints are under control from the start, and prevented from growing into medical disputes, effectively improving quality of care. Such a cycle can effectively avoid medical complaints, enhance medical safety, and build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

Objective To explore the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)and obesity. Methods The 109 elder men were divided into two groups: BPH group (n=59) and non-BPH group (n= 50). The blood samples were collected for the detections of prostate specific antigen (PSA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin,androgen, estrogen, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA).The anthropometric indexes including height, body weigh, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured and calculated. The total prostate volume (TPV) were measured by transabdominal ultrasonography three times at least. Results The morbidity rate of BPH was significantly higher in obesity group and over weight group than in health control group (73.33% and 64.28% vs. 26. 67%, x2 = 13. 991 and 6. 836, both P＜0. 002). So was in central obesity group versus in health control group (71.19% vs.36.00%, x2 =12. 156, P＜0. 001). The waist-height index, waist circumference, body weight, BMI and hip circumference were significantly higher in BPH group than in non-BPH group [(0. 56±0. 05)vs. (0.52±0.06), (93. 6±8.8) cm vs. (87.0± 10. 1) cm; (72.6±9.7) kg vs. (64.5±9.3) kg;(25.7±3.4) kg/m2 vs. (23.1±2.9) kg/m2; (100.2±6.6) cm vs. (95.6±8. 1) cm; t=-3.3, -3. 65, -4.38, -4. 17 and -3.18, respectively, all P＜0.01]. The TPV was higher in obesity groupthan in normal group [ (40.8± 23.5 ) ml vs. (20. 1 ± 6.1 ) ml, t = - 2.82, P＜ 0. 002] and obviously higher in central obesity group than in non-central obesity group [(42.8±25.6)ml vs. (26. 9±11.2)ml, t= -3. 93, P＜0. 001]. The ratio of E2/TT and HOMA-IR were higher in central obesity group [(9. 06±4.36) and (2.81 ±2. 80)] than in non-central obesity group [(7. 38±3. 11) and (1. 55±0.76), t= -2.02 and -4.24, both P＜0. 05]. Inversely, the TT and SHBG were lower in central obesity group than in non-central obesity group [(4.54 ± 1.54) nmol/L vs. (5.20 ± 1.54) nmol/L,(45.8± 17.24) nmol/L vs. (59.6 ± 26.09) nmol/L, t = 2.16 and 2.79, both P＜ 0. 05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that waist circumference was a major factor affecting TPV (x2= 19.52, P=0. 000). The annual growth rate of TPV was significantly higher in obesity group and central obesity group than in health control group [(7. 14±8. 09)ml vs. (1. 49±5.14)ml, (7. 96±13.81)mlvs. (1. 35±5.36)ml, t=-2.19 and -3.28, both P＜0. 05]; The PSAD was significantly lower in central obesity group than in health control group [(0. 048±0. 036) vs. (0. 090±0. 093), t=2.02, P＜0. 05], and lower in obesity group than in health control group [(0. 052 ±0. 039) vs. (0. 091 ±0. 080), t= 3. 13, P＜0. 01]. Conclusions The occurrence of BPH is closely related to obesity,especially central obesity. Its mechanism may be related to sex hormone imbalance and the GH/IGF-1 axis disorders in obese patients.

Objective To investigate the regulation effect of bispectral index (BIS) on the depth of total intravenous anesthesia (TI-VA) by comparing with regulating the depth of anesthesia according to the changes of hemodynamics. Methods 60 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were randomly assigned into controlled group (group C) and trial group (group T) ,with 30 patients in each group, according to the rules of regulating the titration of propofol during TIVA. The target of group C was to keep SBP/DBP 100 ～ 140mmHg/60 ～ 89mmHg and that of group T was to keep BIS 40 ～ 60 during anesthesia. The measure indexes included SBP/DBP, HR, BIS, total dosis of Propofol, time to extubate, time to leave operating room and OAA/S (observer's assessment of alert-ness/sedation). After operation, we evaluated whether awareness during surgery happens. Results As compared with group C, there were higher SBP/DBP and BIS in group T after induction of anesthesia, during aeroperitonia, immediately after finishing operation and just before extubating endotracheal catheter, but less dosis of propofol and less time of extubation and leaving operating room in group T. The differences had significance (P <0.01). There were no significant differences in the changes of HR between two groups (P >0.05) and no awareness during surgery happened in both groups. Conclusion TIVA regulated by BIS during LC can decrease the dosis of propofol, accelerate the recovery from anesthesia and avoid extremely deep anesthesia and awareness during surgery.

Fraction absorbed (Fa) is an important parameter to describe the absorption level of oral drugs, and an important basis for the development and optimization of the formulation process. Because it is easily confused with the concept of absolute bioavailability, it has not received enough attention from the industry. There are many complex factors affecting Fa. There are three time-related factors that directly affect the extent of Fa: the release time, the absorption time, and the residence time. The relationship between these three time-related factors determines the extent of Fa. Generally, we are more concerned about the apparent factors that affect the extent of Fa, including independent variables and covariates; The independent variables include administered dose, route, dosage form, etc. The covariates are divided into internal and external factors, and external factors include food factors, drug interactions, etc. Internal causes include age, sex, disease, etc. This paper analyzes and systematically combs how independent variables and covariates directly or indirectly affect the three time-related factors by affecting the body's physiology and internal environment, thus changing the complex process of Fa. Understanding this theoretical framework can better optimize the independent variables to reduce the impact of covariates on Fa. In addition, this paper also introduces the latest progress of prediction and evaluation of Fa, including the progress of complex dissolution device and the status of software prediction.

Objective By investigating the departments of ECG and the staff in China,to study the current ECG status and thus provide references for training ECG workers,improving the work environment and stabilizing the ECG professional team.Methods One hundred and twenty four domestie grass-root hospitals were investigated through real-name questionnaire surveys.The data was collected and analyzed.Results Among the 124 investigated hospitals,the educational background description is:(1) The ECG workers in provincial or municipal hospitals had mainly been entitled with Bachelor's degree or above accounting for 72.7％ of whole ECG workers;the ECG workers in the county or township hospitals were entitled with college degree or below,accounting for 85.7％ of whole ECG workers.The difference between the two kind of workers was significant(P＜0.01).(2) The proportion of ECG workers owning senior professional titles in provincial or municipal hospitals and county or township hospitals were both low,which were 12.2％ and 3.6％,and the former one was significantly higher than the later(P＜0.01).(3) The proportion of hospitals which established dependent department of ECG was low;the percentage of provincial or municipal hospitals was 23.4％,which was significantly higher than that of county or township hospitals (3.3％,P＜0.05).(4) The provincial or municipal hospitals were well equipped and also conducted various of inspection projects in comparison to county or township hospitals.Conclusions The grass-root ECG staff in China has no satisfying education background and professional titles;ECG department belonging varies and the special inspection projects are insufficient and the economic benefit was low.So this study suggest that the competent departments take measures in improving ECG personnel enthusiasm,improving the working environment,and ensuring the healthy and orderly development of ECG profession.

[Objective] To evaluate the early effect of posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization in lumbar degenerative disease.[Methods]The clinical outcomes of 31 patients with lumbar degenerative disease treated by posterior decompression with Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization implant or combined with posterior lumbar fusion were retrospectively studied,and assessed with visual analogue scale(VAS)and spinal operative standard of Chinese Medical Association.The early effect and complications associated with Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization were recorded.[Results]The operative procedure of Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization implant was easy and less invasive.The VAS scores were 7.9?2.0,2.6?1.2 and 1.7?0.8 at one day preoperatively,two week postoperatively and final follow-up,respectively.The good to excellent result was 94.4% at the lastest follow-up.No compliction related with Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization was found.[Conclusion]It is easy and safe to use Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization in treatment of degenerative lumbar disease,and the early effect is good.The Wallis system provides an alternative for treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.

Objective To develop a sensitive,quick and convenient comet assay with Viciafaba root cells,so as to provide the reference for biomonitoring in situ.Methods The K_2CrO_7 and H_2O_2 were used as the positive control,the Viciafaba root cells isolated with mechanical and enzyme treatment respectively were exposed to the different concentrations of K_2CrO_7(1 nmol/L,10 nmol/L,100 nmol/L,1000 nmol/L)and H202(25 ? mol/L,50 ? mol/L,100 ?mol/L,200 ?mol/L).The effect of DNA damage was detected by using comet assay.Results The yield of Viciafaba root cells isolated from enzyme treatment were much higher than that from mechanical treatment.K_2CrO_7and H_2O_2 could cause DNA damage in Viciafaba root cells,there was significant difference between exposure group and control group(P

Chinese materia medica is mostly taken orally. The permeability of a drug’s biofilm (e.g. cell membrane) reflects its ability of absorption and transportation in the body. It is of guiding significance to evaluate the membrane permeability of the active components of Chinese materia medica by using appropriate drug permeation model, so as to clarify, the oral absorption and transport mechanism of active ingredients, pharmacodynamic substance basis and dosage form design. The evaluation method of oral drug membrane permeability, as well as the application of various methods in Chinese medicine was summarized for reference in this review.