ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection for critically ill ICU patients with tracheotomy,and investigate the methods to prevent nosocomial lung infection. Methods94 patients in ICU with pulmonary infection after tracheotomy from March 2008 to March 2010 were analyzed retrospectively,they were set as the observation group.100 patients in synchronization without pulmonary infection after tracheotomy were set as the control group.The general condition,diagnosis and treatment methods and care,the environment,etc.were studied,the risk factors for nosocomial pulmonary infections after tracheotomy were analyzed.The care methods and points to prevent lung infections for critically ill ICU patients after tracheotomy were summarized. ResultsThe study showed that the respiratory system diseases in critically ill patients,smoking history,low seniority of nursing staff,long-term use of large dose of antibiotics,application of H2 blockers and antacids,and many patients in the same ward were risk factors for critically ill patients with pulmonary infection. ConclusionsLung infection after tracheotomy in critically ill ICU patients was affected by many factors.In the actual operation,we should targeted to avoid infection led by treatment and care factors,environmental factors,control and prevention measures should especially be strengthened for patients with respiratory diseases to prevent lung infection.

Background and objective Pulmonary sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor in sotf tissues. Resection is the preferred option to treat this tumor. hTe aim of this study is to explore the effect of interventional bronchoscopies in the treatment of pulmonary sarcoma if the patient is inoperable.MethodsSixteen cases with pulmonary sarcoma were retrospec-tively reviewed in our hospital from November 2008 to July 2014. hTe mean age was (53.1±5.4) years old. Rigid bronchoscopy was applied for the ifrst procedure with general anesthesia, and electronic bronchoscopy was used for the second procedure or slight patients.Results Sixteen cases, which include 10 sarcomatoid carcinoma, 2 ifbrosarcoma, 2 sarcoma, 1 ifbromucoid sarcoma, and 1 spindle cell synovial sarcoma, were collected in this study. Eleven cases (68.8%) were peripheral and mainly located in the right upper lobe and letf lower lobe. Five cases (31.2%) were central. Of these cases, 82% (9/11) were mixed and primary tumors in pulmonary tumor. Meanwhile, 56% (9/16) were intraluminal and 69% (11/16) were metastatic in central airway. All of the four cases with whole atelectasis were completely relieved through postbronchoscopic interventions. hTree of the seven cases with segment atelectasis were completely reopened; two of them were partially relieved; and the remaining two had no response. hTe obstructive degree,Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and shortness of breathless score improved signiifcantly atfer the treatment.Conclusion Interventional bronchoscopy could rapidly and effciently remove endobronchial tumor, relieve airway obstruction, and improve clinical symptoms.

Background and objective It is very diffcult to deal with the comprehensive central airway diseases, especially the malignant airway obstruction. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical effects of multiple interventional bronchoscopies for the treatment of 112 cases with comprehensive malignant central airway diseases so as to evaluate the clini-cal applications of thermoablation and cryosurgery.Methods The 112 cases with malignant airway diseases retrospectively reviewed for bronchoscopic interventions performed in more than two lesions of carina and/or bifurcation. hTe age was from 22 to 90 years, which including 55 cases with squamous carcinoma (SQ), 16 adenocarcinoma (AD), 15 adenocystic carcinoma (ACC), 10 metastasis tumor (MT), 8 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and 8 mixed carcinoma (MC). All bronchoscopic interventions such as argon plasma coagulation (APC), cryosurgery, electronic snare and stenting were performed under rigid bronchoscopy combined with electric bronchoscopy in general anesthesia.Results hTe 460 bronchoscopic procedures were successfully performed in 112 cases. Cryosurgery and APC were the most used in every group. Stent was more common in patients with MT, balloon dilation was more common in patients with ACC and AD. Electric snare and radioactive seeds im-plantation were frequently used in cases with SCLC. Trachea stricture is more severe in MT than that in others, while bronchus stricture is more severe than that of trachea in SQ and ACC group. Karnofsky performance score (KPS) is lower and shortness of breath score (SBS) is higher in MC, MT and SCLC group. Trachea and bronchus stricture is improved atfer comprehensive treatment in 5 groups except of mixed group. KPS increased and SS decreased signiifcantly in 5 groups except of adenocarci-noma. In follow-up, the overall survival time (OS) is 15 months and median survival time is 10 months, especially OS is 28.4 months in ACC and 21.7 months in AD, 8.9 months in SCLC and 7.4 months in mixed group.Conclusion APC combination with Cryosurgery and other bronchoscopic interventions are indicated for the treatment of complex or diffcult airway diseases whether they are located in trachea or bronchus. It is a safe and rapid during procedure.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analysis of hearing status and characteristics of China civil aviation air traffic controllers(ATC). METHODS With cluster random sampling, air conduction threshold data of 1498 ATC, who had finished the class Ⅲa medical assessment this year in a certain area were studied. The subjects were tested by pure tone audiometry, the prevalence rate of speech and high frequency hearing loss between gender groups were compared; After age correction, the threshold of different frequencies were compared between age groups. RESULTS The prevalence rate of hearing loss at speech frequency was 6.68％ in male and 1.97％ in female. The result of high frequency was 7.87％ and 1.23％ respectively. Both the threshold and prevalence rate of hearing loss of every frequency were higher in male(P<0.05); The threshold of 3000 Hz