Ovarian cancer is the third-most-common malignant reproductive tumor in women. According to the American Cancer Society, it has the highest mortality rate of gynecological tumors. The five-year survival rate was only 29% during the period from 1975 to 2008 (Reid et al., 2017). In recent decades, the five-year survival rate of ovarian cancer has remained around 30% despite continuous improvements in surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other therapeutic methods. However, because of the particularity of the volume and location of ovarian tissue, the early symptoms of ovarian cancer are hidden, and there is a lack of highly sensitive and specific screening methods. Most patients have advanced metastasis, including abdominal metastasis, when they are diagnosed (Reid et al., 2017). Therefore, exploring the mechanism of ovarian cancer metastasis and finding early preventive measures are key to improving the survival rate and reducing mortality caused by ovarian cancer.
B7-H1 Antigen/biosynthesis* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Chemokines/biosynthesis* ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology* ; Survival Rate ; Up-Regulation

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; B7-H1 Antigen ; CD28 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Liver ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in peripheral T-lymphocytes from patients with chronic periodontitis and its significance and to clarify its role in the development of chronic periodontitis.

METHODSA total of 73 subjects were included in the study and divided into three groups, chronic periodontitis(30 cases), chronic gingivitis(25 cases) and 18 healthy controls. The peripheral blood was collected and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the surface of CD(+)4 T lymphocytes and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes was examined by flow cytometry. Blood samples from 16 chronic periodontitis patients were collected at week 0 and 6 after initial therapy for 6 weeks and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in the surface of CD(+)4 and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes was also determined by flow cytometry. The data were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe percentage of PD-1 expression in CD(+)4 and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes of chronic periodontitis group[(16.7 ± 5.5)%,(20.8 ± 5.1)%]and chronic gingivitis group[(14.2 ± 6.1)%,(14.5 ± 4.3)%]were higher than that of healthy controls[(9.5 ± 2.1)%, (8.1 ± 1.9)%](P < 0.05). The percentage of PD-L1 expression in CD(+)4 and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes of chronic periodontitis group[(24.2 ± 7.1)%,(15.3 ± 6.8)%]and chronic gingivitis group[(12.4 ± 6.0)%,(11.2 ± 5.5)%]were higher than that of healthy controls[(4.7 ± 1.2)%, (3.2 ± 2.3)%] (P < 0.05). The percentage of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in CD(+)4 T lymphocytes and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes of the chronic periodontitis group were significantly decreased after initial therapy(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in peripheral CD(+)4 T lymphocytes and CD(+)8 T lymphocyte of chronic periodontitis patients was up-regulated and was associated with periodontal condition. The initial therapy reduced the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1.

B7-H1 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Periodontitis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; biosynthesis ; T-Lymphocytes ; Up-Regulation

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; B7-H1 Antigen ; CD28 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged

By using semi-quantitative RT-PCR method, it was found that PD-L1 mRNA but not PD-L2 mRNA was expressed in H22 hepatoma cells and both PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNAs were expressed in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice and upregulated as compared with muscle tissues in normal mice and H22 hepatoma cells. PD-L1 and PD-L2 were also expressed on the surface of the activated T cells. The soluble recombinant sPD-1 expressed from the constructed eukaryotic expression vector could enhance the lysis of tumor cells by lymphocytes stimulated specifically with antigen. The expresssion of sPD-1 by local gene therapy on the inoculation site of H22 hepatoma cells could inhibit the growth of tumor. The results of this study indicate that expression of soluble receptor of negative costimulatory molecules could reduce the inhibitory effect on T cells in tumor microenvironment and enhance the cytotoxicity of T cells on tumor cells. This possibly provides a new method of improving efficacy of tumor gene therapy.
Animals ; B7-1 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; B7-H1 Antigen ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; immunology ; pathology ; Genetic Therapy ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spleen ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured