OBJECTIVE：Improve the synthetic method of diphenoxylate hydrochloride,which was more suitable for the industrial process.METHOD:N,N-bis(β-chloroethyl)-4-methyl phenyl sulfonylamine was used as starting material vialiquid-liquid phase transfer catalysis to prepare 1-(4-methyl phenyl)-sulfonyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidine cabonitrile,which by hydrolysis,esterification,condensation,salifying to yield diphenoxylate hydrochloride.RESULTS:The total yield ammounted to 51.8%.CONCLUSION:The method was suible for the industrial process.

<b>Objective:b> To understand the prevalence, trend and related factors on soil-borne nematode in Danzhou city to provide information for prevention and control of the disease. <b>Methods:b> According to the guidelines set by the National National soil-borne nematode technical solutions, one village was randomly chosen from every township as the monitoring location, in the east, west, south and north parts of Danzhou city. A total of 200 residents aged 3 years and over were randomly selected in each monitoring site, with modified Kato thick smear and Cellophane tape anal swab used for microscopy. <b>Results:b> In this survey, we retrospectively analyzed the rates on soil borne nematode infection in five monitoring locations of Danzhou city and the results showed that the overall positive rates of infection was 19.5% (195/1 000). Comparing with the previous surveys, rates on soil-borne parasites infection were decreasing. The main types of soil-borne nematode infection appeared as roundworm, whipworm, hookworm and pinworm in Danzhou city, with rate of hookworm-egg infection ranking the highest (42.5%, 85/200) in Dacheng. The infection rate was seen significantly higher in females than males. People aged over 60 and between 3-10, had a higher rates of infection. Rate on multiple infections reached 16.9%, including 5 triple infection cases. <b>Conclusion:b> Rates of infection on soil-borne nematodes in Danzhou city showed a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2016 with hookworm and whipworm as the major ones.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nematoda/isolation & purification* ; Nematode Infections/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Serogroup ; Soil ; Surveys and Questionnaires

<b>Objective:b> To describe the situation of insufficient sleep and the association between insufficient sleep and physical exercise, among Chinese Han students aged 9-18 years. <b>Methods:b> We selected 172 197 Chinese Han students aged 9-18 years from the project 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health. The average sleep duration per day of less than 9 h for children aged 9-12 years and of less than 8 h for adolescents aged 13-18 years, were defined as insufficient sleep. We described the distribution of sleep duration and the prevalence rates of insufficient sleep for each subgroup. Logistic regression models were established to assess the association between insufficient sleep and physical exercise. <b>Results:b> In 2014, 6.6%, 30.8%, 26.3%, 20.8%, 13.8% and 1.8% of the Chinese Han students self-reported sleep duration were <6, 6-, 7-, 8- and ≥10 h, respectively. The overall prevalence rate of insufficient sleep was 77.2%, with 75.8% for boys and 78.6% for girls. No gender disparity was found at each 9-11 age groups. However, in the 12-18 age groups, the prevalence rates for girls were significantly higher than that for boys. The prevalence rates of insufficient sleep for primary school, middle school and high school students were66.6%, 74.1% and 93.8%, respectively. Rates were increasing with age for children aged 9-12 years and adolescents aged 13-18 years respectively. The three provinces with the lowest prevalence rates of insufficient sleep were Zhejiang (68.8%), Jiangsu (66.7%) and Shaanxi (65.2%). Data from the logistic regression models revealed that, when comparing to those students with only exercise of <0.5 h per day, the exercise hours of 0.5-1 h (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.69-0.74) or ≥1 h (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.44-0.47) per day seemed as protective factors for insufficient sleep. When compared with physical exercise frequency <2 times per week, the 2 times (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.78-0.86) or >2 times (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.62-0.68) frequencies also appeared as protective. <b>Conclusions:b> The prevalence rate of insufficient sleep prevailing among students aged 9-18 years was high, in China. Our data called for setting up effective measures to deal with this situation.
Adolescent ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Child ; China ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; Sleep ; Sleep Deprivation ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

[摘 要] 目的：探讨细胞视黄酸结合蛋白2（CRABP2）在子宫内膜样腺癌组织和细胞中的表达及其对子宫内膜样腺癌细胞增殖与侵袭的影响与其分子机制。方法： 收集2020年6月至2021年4月在衡水市人民医院手术切除的子宫内膜样腺癌组织及配对正常子宫内膜组织，共24对；体外培养人子宫内膜样腺癌细胞An3ca、KLE。采用免疫组化分析及WB法检测子宫内膜样腺癌组织及正常子宫内膜组织中CRABP2的表达情况，采用WB法检测An3ca及KLE细胞中敲低CRABP2表达的效率，并以EDU法及Transwell实验检测敲低CRABP2表达后的An3ca及KLE细胞的增殖及侵袭能力，免疫荧光染色及WB法检测敲低CRABP2表达后的An3ca及KLE细胞中Wnt/β-catenin通路相关关键蛋白（β-catenin、c-Myc、cyclin-D1、MMP7及MMP9）的表达情况。以裸鼠体内成瘤实验观察敲低CRABP2表达对子宫内膜样腺癌细胞移植瘤生长和移植瘤组织中Ki67和β-catenin表达的影响。结果： 与正常子宫内膜组织相比，CRABP2在人子宫内膜样腺癌组织中表达上调（P<0.01）。转染靶向CRABP2的shRNA后，An3ca、KLE细胞中CRABP2的表达降低（均P<0.01）；敲低CRABP2表达后An3ca及KLE细胞增殖及侵袭能力均降低（均P<0.01），并且Wnt/β-catenin通路受到抑制（P<0.01）。成瘤实验显示敲低CRABP2表达后，裸鼠体内移植瘤体积明显缩小（P<0.01）。结论： CRABP2可通过调节Wnt/β-catenin通路发挥对子宫内膜样腺癌细胞增殖与侵袭的促进作用。

[摘 要] 目的：采用生物信息学方法探索结肠癌组织中与焦亡相关的基因，并探讨其与预后的关系，为结肠癌患者提供新的治疗靶点。方法：分别从TCGA数据库、GEO数据库中下载结肠癌患者的基因表达、转录数据及临床数据。利用R软件提取出TCGA转录数据中细胞焦亡基因的表达量，并找到差异表达基因，构建差异表达基因的蛋白互作网络。采用单因素分析、聚类分析将基因进行分型，比较两种亚型之间生存差异，得到预后相关基因。然后通过Lasso回归分析、交叉验证及优化，得到基因系数（Coef系数），构建一种结肠癌预后的预测模型。根据该预测模型计算出TCGA样本的中位风险得分，将样本分为高、低风险组。以GEO样本作为验证组，分别对TCGA、GEO样本进行生存分析（Kaplan-Meier分析）、绘制ROC曲线、绘制风险曲线、PCA和t-SNE分析。结合模型中的风险评分，分别采用单因素及多因素分析来寻找结肠癌患者的独立预后因素。对高、低风险组进行GO和KEGG分析。最后行ssGSEA分析，对每个样本进行免疫细胞及免疫相关功能打分，得到高、低风险组之间免疫细胞及免疫细胞相关功能的差异。结果：共鉴定了52个焦亡基因在结肠癌及正常结肠组织中的表达，筛选出40个差异基因。通过Cox回归和Lasso回归分析，构建了一个基于15个基因的结肠癌预后风险预测模型，并将结肠癌患者分为高、低风险两组，两组之间生存有明显差异（P<0.001）。根据预测模型计算出TCGA样本的风险评分，并得到的中位风险评分，利用GEO数据库结肠癌患者进行验证，结果显示高低风险组之间生存率存在明显差异（P=0.013）。发现预测模型计算出的风险评分是预测结肠癌患者生存的独立预后因素。对差异基因进行GO富集分析、KEGG富集分析、ssGSEA分析结果显示，高风险组患者免疫细胞浸润明显减少。结论：通过生物学信息方法构建了一个基于15个基因的结肠癌患者预后风险预测模型，这些基因在结肠癌免疫中也发挥重要作用。

The language of hearing-impaired children is poorly developed. There is a lagging development of spoken language, which is manifested in pronunciation, grammar and pragmatics. Written language has difficulties in understanding and expression. Sign language develops normally, but it affects the spoken and written language of hearing-impaired children. This paper summarized the interventions, such as medicine, speech and family, according to the law of language development of children, in order to provide reference for the study and intervention of language development for hearing-impaired children.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨miRNA let-7i-5p在肾细胞癌（renal cell carcinoma，RCC）组织中的表达水平及其对RCC细胞769-P的增殖、迁移、侵袭和透明质酸结合蛋白4（hyaluronan-binding protein 4，HABP4）表达的影响。方法：利用TCGA RCC数据库及GEO数据库对let-7i-5p在RCC组织中的表达进行meta分析。体外常规培养人RCC细胞769-P并对其进行转染，根据转染物不同分为过表达组（转染let-7i-5p模拟物）、抑制组（转染let-7i-5p抑制物）和对照组（转染NC序列）。采用CCK-8、细胞划痕实验、Transwell实验及WB法检测let-7i-5p对769-P细胞增殖活力、划痕愈合率、穿膜侵袭细胞数及HABP4表达水平的影响。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证let-7i-5p与HABP4 mRNA的靶向关系。结果：分析TCGA RCC数据库及5个GEO数据集（GSE23085、GSE47582、GSE95385、GSE16441和GSE71302）中数据结果显示，let-7i-5p在RCC组织中的表达水平显著高于正常肾组织（均P<0.05）。体外实验结果显示，与对照组相比，过表达组在24、48及72 h时细胞增殖活力显著升高，而抑制组显著降低（均P<0.01）；过表达组的划痕愈合率[（37.276±2.058）% vs（15.663±2.949）%，P<0.01]和穿膜侵袭细胞数[（377.000±34.044） vs （255.667±25.384）个，P<0.01]均显著升高，而抑制组的划痕愈合率[（8.791±2.568）% vs（15.663±2.949）%，P<0.05]和穿膜侵袭细胞数[（170.333±14.978）vs（255.667±25.384）个，P<0.01]均显著降低。在野生型HABP4-3’ URT质粒组中，过表达let-7i-5p可显著抑制细胞的荧光素酶活性（P<0.01）；而在突变型HABP4-3’ URT质粒组中，过表达let-7i-5p对细胞的荧光素酶活性无影响（NS，P>0.05）。WB检测结果显示，与对照组相比，过表达组的HABP4和E-cadherin的水平均降低（均P<0.01）、CDK2的水平升高（P<0.01），而抑制组则相反（均P<0.01）。结论：Let-7i-5p在RCC组织中呈高表达，其可能通过靶向HABP4基因来促进769-P细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨LINC00462招募转录因子MYC激活ABCC3对肾透明细胞癌（ccRCC）顺铂敏感性的影响及其机制。方法：数据库分析ccRCC组织中ABCC3、MYC和LINC00462的表达及其相关性，并分析ABCC3基因的富集通路。常规培养人肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）和ccRCC细胞（A-498、786-O和Caki-2），将si-LINC00462、oe-ABCC3、si-ABCC3、si-MYC、si-LINC00462-NC、oe-ABCC3-NC、si-ABCC3-NC和si-MYC-NC核酸序列分别转染A-498或786-O细胞，分为si-LINC00462组、si-LINC00462-NC组、oe-ABCC3组、oe-ABCC3-NC组、si-ABCC3组、si-ABCC3-NC组、si-MYC组、si-MYC-NC组；用2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖（2-DG）进行回复实验，构建oe-NC+PBS组、oe-ABCC3+PBS组、oe-ABCC3+2-DG组；为探究ccRCC细胞LINC00462/MYC/ABCC3轴对顺铂敏感性的影响，构建si-NC+oe-NC组、si-LINC00462+oe-NC组、si-LINC00462+oe-ABCC3组。qPCR法检测ABCC3、MYC和LINC00462在ccRCC细胞中的表达，CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活力，CCK-8法分析梯度浓度顺铂处理ccRCC细胞后IC50值，WB法检测糖酵解代谢途径相关蛋白的表达，Seahorse XP96法检测各处理组细胞的胞外酸化率（ECAR）和耗氧率（OCR），试剂盒检测细胞中丙酮酸、乳酸、ATP水平。双荧光素酶报告基因和染色质免疫共沉淀（ChIP）实验验证ABCC3与MYC间的结合关系，RNA结合蛋白免疫沉淀（RIP）实验验证LINC00462和MYC的结合关系。结果：数据库分析和qPCR实验结果显示，ABCC3在ccRCC组织和细胞中呈高表达，差异基因富集在糖酵解通路上。敲减或过表达ABCC3能够增加A-498细胞或降低786-O细胞对顺铂的敏感性，ABCC3可通过促进有氧糖酵解抑制A-498细胞对顺铂的敏感性，2-DG处理可以逆转过表达ABCC3对ccRCC细胞对顺铂敏感性的抑制作用。MYC可直接和ABCC3结合，LINC00462可招募转录因子MYC；敲低LINC00462可抑制ABCC3的表达，敲低LINC00462可抑制ccRCC细胞的有氧糖酵解，并提高其对顺铂敏感性；而进一步过表达ABCC3可逆转敲低LINC00462对ccRCC细胞有氧糖酵解的抑制作用和顺铂敏感性的提高。结论：LINC00462通过招募转录因子MYC激活ABCC3的表达促进ccRCC细胞的糖酵解，进而促进ccRCC细胞对顺铂敏感性。

A growing number of urban dwellers are being exposed to excessively bright artificial night light induced by the development of high-intensity, high-density cities around the world. The adverse health effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) are increasingly becoming a global public health issue. Investigating the effects of built environment, especially ALAN, on public health has progressively developed into a cross-disciplinary research hotspot since the World Health Organization launched the Healthy Cities Project. Numerous studies found the links between ALAN and multiple negative health outcomes. However, to date, no review has summarized the health impacts of ALAN in China. This article systematically outlined the progress of research on the health effects of indoor and outdoor ALAN, including sleep disorders, obesity, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, cognitive function, and mental health. We pointed out the limitations of current research such as errors in exposure assessment, lack of research in developing countries, weak causal argument, and difficulty in controlling confounding factors. Future research should improve study design, conduct quantitative studies, and explore potential mechanisms, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving urban lighting planning and urban architectural design.

The discovery, sorting and identification methods as well as targeted drug delivery systems for cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reviewed by consulting the recent research papers. CSCs have been believed to be responsible for the occurrence and development of chemo-resistance, leading to the failure of chemotherapy. Much progress has been made in the approaches for CSCs targeting drug delivery systems. The understanding and targeted drug delivery systems for CSCs are promising to provide an alternative for cancer therapy.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects