MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are important in regulating metabolic stress. In this study, we determined the expression and structural characteristics of 20 miRNAs in brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) during torpor in thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Using a modified stem-loop technique, we found that during torpor, expression of six miRNAs including let-7a, let-7b, miR-107, miR-150, miR-222 and miR-31 was significantly downregulated in WAT (P < 0.05), which was 16%–54% of euthermic non-torpid control squirrels, whereas expression of three miRNAs including miR-143, miR-200a and miR-519d was found to be upregulated by 1.32–2.34-fold. Similarly, expression of more miRNAs was downregulated in BAT during torpor. We detected reduced expression of 6 miRNAs including miR-103a, miR- 107, miR-125b, miR-21, miR-221 and miR-31 (48%–70% of control), while only expression of miR-138 was significantly upregulated (2.91 ± 0.8-fold of the control, P <0.05). Interestingly, miRNAs found to be downregulated in WAT during torpor were similar to those dysregulated in obese humans for increased adipogenesis, whereas miRNAs with altered expression in BAT during torpor were linked to mitochondrial b-oxidation. miRPath target prediction analysis showed that miRNAs downregulated in both WAT and BAT were associated with the regulation of mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, while the miRNAs upregulated in WAT were linked to transforming growth factor b (TGFb) signaling. Compared to mouse sequences, no unique nucleotide substitutions within the stem-loop region were discovered for the associated pre-miRNAs for the miRNAs used in this study, suggesting no structure-influenced changes in pre-miRNA processing efficiency in the squirrel. As well, the expression of miRNA processing enzyme Dicer remained unchanged in both tissues during torpor. Overall, our findings suggest that changes of miRNA expression in adipose tissues may be linked to distinct biological roles in WAT and BAT during hibernation and may involve the regulation of signaling cascades.

[摘 要] 目的：探究核受体辅阻遏物2（NCOR2）基因对食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）发生发展的影响及其潜在的分子调控机制。方法: 收集2017年5月至2018年7月间在山西省肿瘤医院确诊的155例ESCC患者的癌及癌旁组织标本及临床资料，利用患者的转录组和临床病理数据进行生存预后分析及临床关联性分析。采用qPCR法检测6种ESCC细胞（TE-1、TE-5、TE-9、KYSE150、KYSE180和KYSE450）中NCOR2基因的表达水平，筛选NCOR2基因高表达的KYSE450细胞进行siRNA敲低实验，构建敲降NCOR2的细胞模型。利用CCK-8、克隆形成、细胞划痕和Transwell实验检测敲低NCOR2对 KYSE450细胞增殖活性、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。对NCOR2敲低的KYSE450细胞进行转录组测序分析，筛选差异表达基因，进行GO和KEGG富集分析，解析NCOR2可能影响的信号调控网络。结果：NCOR2在ESCC组织中表达水平显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.01），NCOR2高表达ESCC患者的预后较差（P<0.05）。敲低NCOR2基因表达后，KYSE450细胞划痕愈合率、迁移和侵袭能力均显著降低（均P<0.01），对细胞的增殖活力及克隆形成能力均无显著影响（均P>0.05）。在KYSE450细胞中敲低NCOR2基因后，转录组测序分析后发现54个基因发生了显著上调、127个基因发生了显著下调。KEGG分析发现，显著差异基因富集于PI3K/AKT分子信号通路（P<0.01），该通路中的4个基因PIK3R3、IL4R、COL1A1、EFNA1的表达水平在155例ESCC患者临床样本的转录组数据中与NCOR2呈显著正相关（均P<0.01），与转录组测序结果相吻合。结论：NCOR2可以通过影响PI3K/AKT信号通路并促进KYSE450细胞迁移与侵袭，进而影响ESCC的发生与发展。

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound,molybdenum target,magnetic resonance(MRI)and single examination for breast cancer.Methods From January 2017 to February 2018,100 patients with suspected breast cancer in Lishui Central Hospital were selected in the study.All patients were detected by ultrasound,mammography and MRI three ways for diagnosis.The results were verified with postoperative pathologic results as the standard.The diagnosis accuracy of three ways for breast cancer were analyzed.Results The detection accuracy of three ways joint detection in patients with breast cancer was the highest(91.00％),which was significantly higher than that of ultrasound(63.00％),mammography(72.00％)and MRI(72.00％)in single mode,the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =22.364,20.154,16.032,all P<0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonography,molybdenum target X ray and MRI have their respective advantages in the process of breast cancer differentiation and diagnosis,and the detection rate can be significantly improved if combined use.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨甲基转移酶样因子3（METTL3）在食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）组织和细胞中的表达水平及其对ESCC细胞糖酵解和增殖能力的影响和潜在的分子机制。方法：基于TCGA数据库分析METTL3在ESCC细胞中的表达及可能的富集通路。收集2021年1月至2021年6月间在北川医学院附属医院外科手术切除的34例ESCC组织及相应癌旁组织，采用免疫组化法验证ESCC组织中METTL3的表达。采用CCK-8法和平板克隆形成实验检测干扰METTL3后ESCC细胞增殖能力的变化，利用比色法检测干扰METTL3后ESCC细胞总RNA中m6A的表达水平，采用甲基化RNA免疫沉淀定量PCR（MeRIP-qPCR）检测METTL3对葡萄糖转运蛋白4（GLUT4）基因mRNA的m6A修饰水平的影响，采用WB和qPCR等技术探索METTL3参与ESCC细胞糖酵解的生物学机制。结果：METTL3在ESCC组织以及细胞中均呈高表达（均P<0.001）。干扰METTL3表达后，ESCC细胞的增殖能力明显减弱、细胞内总RNA的m6A修饰水平显著降低（均P<0.001）。此外，干扰METTL3可显著抑制KYSE150和TE-1细胞中GLUT4基因mRNA的m6A修饰水平（均P<0.01），并通过下调GLUT4的表达抑制葡萄糖的摄取以及乳酸的释放（均P<0.01），最终下调mTORC1通路活性并抑制ESCC细胞的增殖；在干扰METTL3的ESCC细胞同时联合运用mTORC1通路抑制剂显示有协同的抗癌作用。结论：METTL3介导的m6A修饰通过调控GLUT4-mTORC1信号轴影响ESCC细胞的糖酵解及增殖。

Eribulin, an antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic agent, is approved for the treatment of pretreated metastatic breast cancer (mBC) based on the positive outcomes of phase II and phase III clinical trials, which enrolled mainly Western patients. Eribulin has recently been approved in an increasing number of Asian countries; however, there is limited clinical experience in using the drug in certain countries. Therefore, we established an Asian working group to provide practical guidance for eribulin use based on our clinical experience. This paper summarizes the key clinical trials, and the management recommendations for the reported adverse events (AEs) of eribulin in mBC treatment, with an emphasis on those that are relevant to Asian patients, followed by further elaboration of our eribulin clinical experience. It is anticipated that this clinical practice guide will improve the management of AEs resulting from eribulin treatment, which will ensure that patients receive the maximum treatment benefit.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans

<b>INTRODUCTIONb>In this study, we have developed and optimised a novel gelatin-chitosan (GC) substrate for use as a cellular carrier for tissue-engineered conjunctival epithelium.

<b>MATERIALS AND METHODSb>The substrate was fabricated by casting and the mechanical properties of the substrate, including tensile strength and elongation, were measured. Using the MTT, cell proliferation assay with rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts, we optimised the G:C ratio to enhance cytocompatibility. Rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies for keratin 4 and pancytokeratin to investigate the biological effects of the GC substrate on the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells.

<b>RESULTSb>We found that increasing the amount of gelatin resulted in an increase in elasticity (from 1:9 to 1:1 ratio), reaching a maximum (101.89% +/- 7.13%) at a ratio of 1:1. The MTT assay showed that the proliferation of conjunctival fibroblasts significantly increased from 0.068 +/- 0.017 to 0.177 +/- 0.011 (P = 0.014) as the gelatin was increased from 20% (1:4) to 50% (1:1). Additional studies using tissue-cultured conjunctiva explants showed that these explants grew well on the substrate, forming a multilayered epithelium. Cell morphology on this substrate was similar to that of cells grown on culture dishes alone. Positive staining of keratin 4 and pancytokeratin indicated that the substrate supported normal differentiation of conjunctival epithelial cells.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>By enhancing the proportion of gelatin, both the mechanical and biological properties of the chitosan substrate were improved. The results also suggest that this GC biomembrane may be a useful candidate for reconstructive tissue engineering of the conjunctiva.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chitosan ; Conjunctiva ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Elasticity ; Epithelium ; physiology ; Gelatin ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Tensile Strength ; Tissue Engineering

Objective: To explore the related factors of subependymal hemorrhage (SEH) and cerebral hemodynamic changes. Methods: From October 2012 to October 2017, 200 cases of children with subependymal hemorrhage diagnosed by ultrasound in our department of pediatrics were selected as the observation group , and a total of 150 children who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in the same period due to craniocerebral diseases and other serious diseases were selected as control group. The independent risk factors of the children in the observation group were analyzed, and the difference of the maximum systolic blood flow velocity (SV), the diastolic maximum flow velocity (DV), the systolic and diastolic velocity ratio (S/D), the resistance index (RI), and the pulsatile index (PI) were compared between the two groups. Results: Neonatal asphyxia, preterm birth, acidosis, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), patent ductus arteriosus and coagulation dysfunction were independent risk factors for subependymal hemorrhage. The bleeding side SV and DV of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). In the observation group, the bleeding side SV and DV were higher than those of the healthy side, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in bleeding side SV, DV, S/D, RI and PI in 110 cases of single side ependymal hemorrhage (P>0.05). Conclusions Children with ependymal hemorrhage can observe the hemodynamic indexes of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) dynamically by craniocerebral ultrasound, and judge the therapeutic effect by evaluating the systolic and diastolic blood flow velocity, so as to prevent the further aggravation of subependymal hemorrhage

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging features of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jawbone. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 26 CBCT studies of histologically proven cases of CGCG during a period of 20 years, from 1999 to 2019. Patients’ demographic data were recorded, and radiographic features were assessed (location, border, cortication, appearance of the internal structure, locularity, septation, expansion, cortical perforation, effects on surrounding tissue, whether the lesion crossed the midline, and lesion volume). Results: In this study, CGCGs were seen almost twice as often in the mandible than in the maxilla, and 64.7% of mandibular lesions involved the anterior region. Only 26.9% of lesions crossed the midline, a feature that was considered characteristic of CGCG. Furthermore, 65.4% of lesions were unilocular and 34.6% were multilocular. The correlation between a lesion’s size and its locularity was statistically significant, and larger lesions showed a multilocular appearance. The mean volume of multilocular lesions was greater than that of unilocular lesions. Conclusion CGCGs showed variable radiographic features on CBCT, and this imaging modality is highly effective at demonstrating the radiographic spectrum and lesional extent of CGCGs in the jawbone.

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) greatly contributed to the successful outcomes of prevention and control on both AIDS and drug abuse in China. However, the features on drug abuse changed in the past decades, and the prevalence of new psychoactive substances abuse potentially somehow offset the achievement of MMT. This paper concised the information on research and surveys of this issue that targeting on the current situation, characteristics, related factors and relevant public health problem on new psychoactive substances abuse, among patients who have been on MMT, in China.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methadone/therapeutic use* ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Prevalence ; Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects* ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Very few selected species of primates are known to be capable of entering torpor. This exciting discovery means that the ability to enter a natural state of dormancy is an ancestral trait among primates and, in phylogenetic terms, is very close to the human lineage. To explore the regulatory mechanisms that underlie primate torpor, we analyzed signal transduction cascades to discover those involved in coordinating tissue responses during torpor. The responses of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members to primate torpor were compared in six organs of control (aroused) versus torpid gray mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus. The proteins examined include extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), MAPK kinase (MEK), and p38, in addition to stress-related proteins p53 and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). The activation of specific MAPK signal transduction pathways may provide a mechanism to regulate the expression of torpor-responsive genes or the regulation of selected down-stream cellular processes. In response to torpor, each MAPK subfamily responded differently dur-ing torpor and each showed organ-specific patterns of response. For example, skeletal muscle displayed elevated relative phosphorylation of ERK1/2 during torpor. Interestingly, adipose tissues showed the highest degree of MAPK activation. Brown adipose tissue displayed an activation of ERK1/2 and p38, whereas white adipose tissue showed activation of ERK1/2, p38, MEK, and JNK during torpor. Importantly, both adipose tissues possess specialized functions that are critical for torpor, with brown adipose required for non-shivering thermogenesis and white adipose utilized as the primary source of lipid fuel for torpor. Overall, these data indicate crucial roles of MAPKs in the regulation of primate organs during torpor.