When facing the worldwide abuse of opioid substance, one of the effective responses is opioid substitution therapy (OST). However, different OST service patterns may affect the therapeutic outcome. Using the System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, we can analyze the factors that affecting the outcomes of patients from the perspective work system. In this paper, SEIPS model is used to describe the existing OST service model. According to the operation mechanism of the methadone maintenance treatment in China and the existing OST service model, some suggestions are put forward to carry out effective OST service in the country.
Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects* ; China ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Methadone/therapeutic use* ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Opioid-Related Disorders/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

<b>Objective:b> To investigate the infection pattern and etiological characteristics of a case of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. <b>Methods:b> Epidemiological investigation was conducted to explore the case's exposure history, infection route and disease progression. Samples collected from the patient, environments and poultry were tested by using real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Virus isolation, genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted for positive samples. <b>Results:b> The case had no live poultry contact history, but had a history of pulled chicken processing without taking protection measure in an unventilated kitchen before the onset. Samples collected from the patient's lower respiratory tract, the remaining frozen chicken meat and the live poultry market were all influenza A (H7N9) virus positive. The isolated viruses from these positive samples were highly homogenous. An insertion which lead to the addition of multiple basic amino acid residues (PEVPKRKRTAR/GL) was found at the HA cleavage site, suggesting that this virus might be highly pathogenic. <b>Conclusions:b> Live poultry processing without protection measure is an important infection mode of "poultry to human" transmission of avian influenza viruses. Due to the limitation of protection measures in live poultry markets in Guangzhou, it is necessary to promote the standardized large scale poultry farming, the complete restriction of live poultry sales and centralized poultry slaughtering as well as ice fresh sale.
Animals ; Chickens ; China ; Commerce ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/pathogenicity* ; Influenza in Birds/virology* ; Influenza, Human/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Poultry/virology* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Zoonoses

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) greatly contributed to the successful outcomes of prevention and control on both AIDS and drug abuse in China. However, the features on drug abuse changed in the past decades, and the prevalence of new psychoactive substances abuse potentially somehow offset the achievement of MMT. This paper concised the information on research and surveys of this issue that targeting on the current situation, characteristics, related factors and relevant public health problem on new psychoactive substances abuse, among patients who have been on MMT, in China.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methadone/therapeutic use* ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Prevalence ; Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects* ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Epidemiology is a traditional subject mainly based on principles and concepts, and its teaching method needs further improving to meet the requirement of the new trend of education reform. Lecture-based teaching, problem-based teaching, case-based teaching, and internet based teaching, such as flip class, massive open online course and micro-lecture, all have its own unique merits in the practice of epidemiology teaching. So the combination of traditional teaching and online teaching is the most promising mode. "Rain class" , a mixed mode, is an efficient tool to present the epidemiology case more actually in class. Thus, teaching design and application of "rain class" are worth research.
Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Epidemiology/education* ; Humans ; Internet ; Online Systems ; Research ; Teaching

[Abstract] Objective: To study the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in vitamin E succinate (VES) activating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy in human gastric SGC-7901 cells. Methods: SGC-7901 cells were treated with different doses of VES (5, 10, 15, 20 μg/ml) for 24 h, then, qPCR and WB were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of autophagy markers LC3 and Beclin-1; Under the action of reticulum stress inhibitor 4-PBA, the fluorescence intensity and distribution of LC3 were observed under laser confocal microscope, and then qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers GRP78, GRP94 and autophagy markers LC3, Beclin-1. Under the action of the JNK inhibitor SP600125, WB was used to detect the protein expression changes of p-JNK and autophagy marker proteins LC3 and Beclin-1. Results: Compared with the control group, with the increase of the concentration of VES, the mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 showed a gradual increase (all P < 0.05), and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio also increased significantly (P < 0.01); compared with 20 μg/ml VES group, after pretreatment with endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-PBA, mRNA expressions of GRP78, GRP94, LC3 and Beclin-1 decreased (all P < 0.01), and the intensity of LC3 punctate aggregation decreased; after pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125, the protein expression levels of p-JNK, LC3 and Beclin-1 were lower than those of 20 μg/ml VES group (all P < 0.01), these results indicated that inhibition of JNK activity could inhibit the occurrence of autophagy. Conclusion: VES can induce autophagy in SGC-7901cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress, and JNK participates in the regulation process of endoplasmic reticulum stress on autophagy.

Antiviral drugs on influenza are important in the control program of influenza. Options for influenza treatment are currently limited to using the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). Given limited effectiveness of NAIs and related resistance, there remains an urgent need for the development of influenza antiviral drugs that can improve the efficacy and provide low propensity of viral resistance. Several influenza-related antiviral drugs that are currently under the late-stage clinical trials all appear differently in the mechanism of action. It is hoped that when new antiviral drugs are licensed, care and outcomes of severe influenza cases will be improved.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy* ; Neuraminidase/therapeutic use*

［摘要］ 目的：探讨miR-183 对脑胶质瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法：2020 年10 月至2021 年6 月，收集秦皇岛市第一 医院40 例脑胶质瘤组织标本，对T98G 细胞进行梯度剂量X 射线（0、2、4、6 Gy）照射。采用qPCR 检测miR-183、细胞质多腺 苷酸化元件结合蛋白1（cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1，CPEB1）在脑胶质瘤组织、T98G 细胞和经X 射线 照射的T98G 细胞中的表达量。将miR-183 inhibitor 转染T98G 细胞后下调miR-183 表达，经6 Gy X 射线垂直照射，CCK-8 法、 流式细胞术和WB 法，分别检测T98G 细胞增殖能力、细胞凋亡率及BAX 和Bcl2 蛋白表达量。Targetscan 软件预测和双荧光 素酶报告基因实验检测miR-183 与CPEB1 的靶向关系。下调CPEB1 表达后，经6 Gy X 射线照射，分别用CCK-8 法、流式细胞 术和WB 法检测T98G 细胞增殖能力、细胞凋亡率及BAX 和Bcl2 蛋白表达量。将pcDNA-CPEB1 或CPEB1 siRNA 质粒转染 T98G细胞，分别下调或过表达CPEB1 后，检测miR-183 通过CPEB1 对T98G细胞放射敏感性的影响。结果：脑胶质瘤组织和 细胞中miR-183 呈高表达，CPEB1 mRNA 呈低表达。T98G 细胞中miR-183 的表达量随着X 射线放射剂量增加而降低 （P<0.05），CPEB1 表达量随着X 射线放射剂量增加而升高（P<0.05）。6 Gy X 射线照射T98G 细胞后，下调miR-183 可降低细 胞增殖能力、增加细胞凋亡率，而过表达miR-183 则起到相反作用（P<0.05）。miR-183 靶向CPEB1 mRNA 且负调控CPEB1 表 达。下调CPEB1 表达后，经6 Gy X 射线照射可显著提高T98G 细胞增殖能力（P<0.05）、降低细胞凋亡率（P<0.05），miR-183 可 逆转CPEB1 过表达对细胞T98G 放射敏感性的促进作用（P<0.05）。结论：下调miR-183 的表达能够负调控CPEB1，从而增强 脑胶质瘤细胞的放射敏感性。

<b>Objective:b> To understand the situation related to health seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria and to provide practical measures for malaria elimination in Jiangsu province. <b>Methods:b> Data on imported malaria cases in Jiangsu province was retrieved in CISDCP from 2014 to 2016. Relevant information on health seeking behavior, diagnosis and treatment of the disease was gathered. <b>Results:b> A total of 1 068 imported cases were reported in Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2016. Except for one malaria case that was caused by blood transfusion, the rest patients were all recognized as 'imported'. Majority of the cases were migrant laborers working in African countries. The accurate rates on the diagnosis of ovale, vivax and quartan malaria and mixed infection were relatively low, as 79.3% (107/135), 29.5% (18/61), 52.9% (18/34) and 0.0% (0/2) at the primary health care settings, respectively. Rate of seeking health care on the same day of onset was more in 2015 than in 2014 and 2016 (χ(2)=18.6, P=0.001). While only 65.4% (699/1 068) of the patients were diagnosed correctly at the primary health care settings. There appeared no statistical difference in the 3-year-study period (χ(2)=5.4, P=0.246). Capacity on 'correct diagnosis' seemed stronger at the CDC than at the hospital levels (χ(2)=13.2, P=0.000; χ(2)=5.4, P=0.020). Totally, 72.7% (32/44) of the severe falciparum malaria cases did not immediately seek for health care when the symptoms started. <b>Conclusions:b> Migrant workers returning from the high endemic malaria areas seemed to have poor awareness in seeking health care services. Capability on correct diagnosis for malaria at the primary health care settings remained unsatisfactory and staff from these settings needs to receive adequate training.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Malaria/transmission* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium/isolation & purification* ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Transients and Migrants ; Travel

［摘要］ 目的：探讨miR-627-3p 在食管鳞状细胞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma，ESCC）组织中的表达及其对ESCC 细胞生物学行为的影响。方法：收集2015 年1 月至2015 年10 月河北医科大学第四医院胸外科手术切除的ESCC组织86 例及对 应的癌旁组织标本20 例。通过qPCR法检测miR-627-3p 在86 例ESCC组织及癌旁组织中的表达，分析其表达与ESCC患者临床 病理学指标及预后的关系；利用Kaplan-Meier Plotter 在线数据库进一步分析数据库中hsa-miR-627 的表达与ESCC患者预后的关 系；通过qPCR法检测miR-627-3p 在4 株ESCC细胞系中的表达，选取表达水平最低的食管癌细胞转染miR-627-3p mimic，选取表 达水平最高的ESCC细胞转染miR-627-3p inhibitor，采用CCK-8 法检测细胞的增殖，采用Transwell 实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭；采 用KEGG分析探讨miR-627-3p 可能介导的信号转导通路，并采用qPCR法验证miR-627-3p 对信号通路中关键基因表达的影响。 结果：miR-627-3p 在ESCC组织中的表达明显低于在癌旁组织中的表达，miR-627-3p 的表达与ESCC患者淋巴结转移和临床分 期相关（均P<0.05）；miR-627-3p 高表达的ESCC 患者的5 年生存率明显高于miR-627-3p 低表达的食管癌患者（P<0.05）。ESCC 细胞系KYSE170 中miR-627-3p 表达最低，KYSE30 中miR-627-3p 表达最高；在KYSE170 细胞中转染miR-627-3p mimic 后，细胞 的增殖能力无明显变化（P>0.05），但细胞的迁移（P<0.05）和侵袭能力（P<0.05）显著降低；在KYSE30 细胞中转染miR-627-3p inhibitor 后，细胞的增殖能力无明显变化（P>0.05），但细胞的迁移（P<0.05）和侵袭能力（P<0.05）显著增高。KEGG分析结果显 示，miR-627-3p 介导了多条与肿瘤相关的信号转导通路。结论：miR-627-3p 在ESCC组织中的表达明显低于在癌旁组织中的表 达，其低表达与ESCC患者的不良预后相关，miR-627-3p 抑制ESCC细胞的迁移和侵袭，可能是通过干扰多条与肿瘤相关的信号 通路发挥生物学功能。

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of lncRNA SNHG11 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells and its possible mechanisms. Methods: qPCR was used to detect the levels of lncRNA SNHG11 and miR-193a-5p in human embryonic lung cells (HEL-1) and lung cancer cells (A549, H1299, and HCC827). A549 cells were transfected with SNHG11 small interfering RNA (si-SNHG11), miR-193a mimic or miR-193a inhibitor. The proliferation of A549 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay, migration and invasion of A549 cells were detected by Wound healing and Transwell assay, the protein expression of Ki67 and Cyclin D1 was determined by Western blot, and the targeting relationship between lncRNA SNHG11 and miR-193a-5p was verified by Dual-luciferase reporter experiment. Results: Compared with HEL-1 cells, the expression level of lncRNA SNHG11 was significantly increased while the expression of miR-193a-5p was decreased in lung cancer A549, H1299 and HCC827 cells (all P<0.05). Silencing lncRNA SNHG11 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells and reduced the protein expression of Ki67 and Cyclin D1 (all P<0.05). Over-expression of miR-193a-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells (all P<0.05). lncRNA SNHG11 could targetedly adsorb miR-193a-5p. miR-139a-5p inhibition could partially reverse the effect of silencing lncRNA SNHG11 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of A549 cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion: lncRNA SNHG11 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells by adsorbing miR-193a-5p.