BACKGROUNDPhysical, mental and gross motor development occur intensively during the childhood. Therefore it is important to detect any developmental delays early in order to take proper intervention which is significant for mental ability and personal development of a child. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mental and gross motor development of the kindergarten’s children in Bayanzurkh and Khan-Uul district.METHODSWe selected 157 children, aged from 3 to 6 years, from Bayanzurh district’s kindergarten and 125 children from Khan-Uul district’s kindergarten randomly. Population basedcross sectional study design was used. Mental and gross motor development was measured by Denver-II test. Statistical analysis of the collected data was conducted using SPSS 17.0 software program.RESULTSLanguage development delay, fine motor-adaptive development delay, gross motor development delay and personal-social development delay were observed in 42%, 15%, 12%, 8% of the kindergarten children, respectively.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that it is imperative to pay more attention to mental, language and gross motor developments of children in kindergarten.

We present the fi rst 2 cases of cochlear implantation in Mongolia using “SONATA” type implant of “MED-EL” Company, Austria. CASE 1: A six years old, female had been diagnosed with bilateral congenital profound hearing loss and had been fi tted with hearing aids for 5 years and received little benefi t from her hearing aids and developed very poor speech and language, used lip reading and have had vocabulary of approximately 10 words. A radiological evaluation showed normal cochlea and auditory nerve. Cochlear implant team including speech therapists and audiologists based on the informed consent of patient’s parent decided that family able to participate in follow-up, speech habilitation programme. Patient implanted with SONATA of MED-EL on 4 August, 2009. Electrodes were inserted fully. After 10 days of switch on of the speech processor the patient showed signs of initial hearing of loud sounds. After 5 months of Auditory Verbal Therapy the vocabulary increased up to 50 words. Hearing, cognition and responses are increasing simultaneously. CASE 2: A 2 years old female. Congenitally deaf in both ears. Fitted with hearing aid for 3 months before the surgery and there was no benefi t from hearing aid. Physically and mentally healthy. Patient implanted with SONATA of MED-EL on 4 August, 2009. Electrodes were inserted fully. On 25th days of switching on of speech processor the patient showed initial hearing of loud sounds. Currently, after 5months of treatment her vocabulary is 2 short words and can recognize 4 syllabeles. She is very active, repeats actions and has open nature, feels comfortable with CI.

Background. A large number of longitudinal studies indicate significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in people with the MetSyn and high plasma levels of triglycerides are an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene, a new member of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, was identified by comparative sequencing of human and mice DNA by Pennacchio and co-workers in 2001. Since this discovery, variants of ApoA5 gene have been independently assiociated with level of plasma triglyceride in many countries. Human ApoA5 is expressed in the liver then appears in plasma in association with VLDL and HDL and plays a major role in TG catabolism. Variant at ApoA5 gene locus, 1177C>T is located in 3’ UTR which often contains regulatory regions that influence post-transcriptional gene expression. One alteration can be responsible for the altered expression of many genes. Materials and Methods. 152 people with MS for case group and 152 people for control group were selected in this study. MS was diagnosed according to IDF criteria and serum triglyceride levels were determined. DNA from both case and control subjects were extracted from blood samples (200 ml) using “G-spin™ Total DNA Extraction Kit”(iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc). To detect the 1177C>T variation of ApoA5 gene, using High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kits, a forward primer 5’-CTCTGAGCCTCTAGCATGGTTGAGT- 3’ and the mismatch reverse primer 5’-GAGCATTCCCAAATGAGCAC-3’ were used to create the HinfI restriction site. Results. There were 304 total subjects included males 50.3% (153) and female 49.7% (151) in our study. Incident of CC genotype was 71.1% (216), CT genotype was 25% (76) and TT genotype was 3.9%, TAG level was higher in males than females in both groups (p=0.016, ð=0.001) for CC genotype and also, higher with MS in males for CT genotype (p=). But, TAG level was no significant difference among three genotypes in group with MS subjects (male p=0.236, female p=0.881). Conclusion: The TT genotype of the ApoA5 gene 1177C>T polymorphism frequency was 2.9% in control subjects and 4.9% in subjects with MS. However, TG level was not differ in both groups for TT genotype, TAG level in males was higher compared with females (p=0.016 in control, p=0.001 in group with MS).

Background: The past decade has seen an increasing involvement of private for-profit medical laboratories in the national healthcare provision. But the majority of patients still use services of public hospital laboratories. Goal: The goal of the survey was to assess the status of private and public medical laboratories based on ISO 15189 requirements. Method: The overall capacity of seven private and seven public laboratories was assessed using a questionnaire based on ten main requirements of ISO 15189. Results In general, the public laboratories scored better that the private laboratories but the difference was not significant (79 points for public laboratories vs. 72 points for private laboratories; p=0.115). The main differences were in the areas of equipment management (82 points for private vs. 92 points for public; p=0.025) and testing performances (77 points for private vs. 91 points for public; p=0.006). Out of the remaining eight assessment sections, the private laboratories scored better, but not significantly, in the areas of laboratory management and laboratory information system.

BACKGROUND: According to WHO, Non-communicable disease take place 43% of morbidity as well as 63% of mortality in worldwide and it will may increased as 60% of morbidity, 73% of mortality in 2020. Therefore one quarter of NCD associated with composition and usage of foods. Obesity and Diabetes mellitus are caused by accumulating saturated fat in body due to excessive use of high calorie. High-fat diet promotes lipid deposition in solid organs including skeletal muscle which is underlying cause of insulin resistance. METHODS: Same aged, Inbred (C57BL/6J) 20 male mice are involved in this study. They are raised and fed in central core laboratory of MNUMS. Feeding of mice “Beijing Branch of the Joint Feed Co LTD” from Republic of China produces forage for laboratory animals. They were divided into two groups. A control group mice had been fed standard chow while experimental group mice had been fed 45% high fat diet for 4 weeks. The morphological effect of the a high fat diet was examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: Liver of experimental mice was seen pale and parenchyma had a fatty changes compared to control group liver in gross anatomy. Periportal necrosis and lipid droplet deposition in hepatocytes of study group were detected as microscopically. There is fatty accumulation between solid tissue of pancreas and islets of Langerhans get smaller in study group. Experimental mice which were fed by 45% of fat containing food had lipid droplets were observed in fibers. Therefore degenerated fibers showing separation from the basement membrane and acidophilic staining were observed in skeletal muscle.

: In enterohepatic recycling, foreign chemicals entering the alimentary tract and gut normal micro flora (ShagjJambal., 1989) are absorbed into portal venous blood by enterocytes, removed from blood by uptake into hepatocytes, secreted into the bile, and then deposited back into the intestinal lumen where they may be reabsorbed by intestinal wall cells and available for recycling (compartment model modified by Wang and Reuning). This process is called enterohepatic circulation or enterohepatic recycling (Rollins and Klaasen, 1979). Some studies have attempted to interrupt the enterohepatic recycling of toxicants such as pesticides and heavy metals and 56 carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Plant Material The plant Gentiana macrophylla pall. Was collected during july 2017 from the forest region Galt sum, Khuvsgul aimakh, Mongolian. The taxonomical identification of the plant was done by Botanical survey of Ganbold E. (ScD) Mongolian university subsidiary of Ulanbator institute, Ulanbator. The study was based on the New medicine medical university bio-model, pharmacology laboratory and laboratory. ELISA-biochemistry laboratory. Animals: Male C57BL/6 (miceweight 18-22g (n=40)) were obtained from the Mongolian national university of Medical sciences animal house. Experimental procuders were conducted in accordance with the regulations of Animal Ethical committee. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured according to the technique described by Krawisz et al. (1984) . Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid Reaction (Yagi, K. and Ohkova.,1979). A significant decrease (P<0.005) in the MDA was observed in the Gentiana macrophylla(GM) treated group (0.340±0.031)when compared with the control group (0.521±0.023). Conclusion The results of the study show that Gentiana macrophylla is inhibition of lipid peroxidation, protection of liver cell. From the protonation compounds generate polyphenol compound with rich hydroxyl and alkaloid. These compounds help to lipid peroxidation or antioxidation and membrane protection.The results of the study show that Gentiana macrophylla is inhibition off oxidation ferric molecule in vitro reaction and detoxification of reactive oxygen species release from damaged liver cell by CCL₄.

Background: Poor laboratory quality can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of patients. To demonstrate the quality and reliability of their services, medical laboratories seek accreditation to ISO 15189. We have initiated a project to assist laboratories in their efforts to obtain the accreditation. Goal: Conduct a gap analysis of the status of preparedness of medical laboratories for accreditation. Materials and Methods: Six laboratories are selected for participation in the project. In the first phase of the project, a gap analysis of the participant laboratories is conducted using an Excel program based on ISO 15189 requirements. Results: The findings reveal that the participant laboratories are the strongest in Organization and management of laboratory, Quality of examination results, Personnel and facility management and in Laboratory information management. The majority of the laboratories are hospital based, and their organization and management are well established and functional mostly due to centralized administrative guidance. The concept of quality control is effectively adapted in medical laboratories, therefore ensuring the quality of examinations and the data management are usually in line with the requirements. Weaker areas include Evaluation and audits, and Document control. Even though the laboratories do conduct evaluations and control, they do not do it regularly and, most importantly, do not keep records routinely, which cause the higher gap rate. Conclusion Policies to meet ISO 15189 requirements are in place in the participant laboratories, but their documentation and records keeping are insufficient.

Background/Aims: A latex agglutination turbidity (LA) assay to test for serum antibodies has been approved in Japan and Korea for mass screening of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, we evaluated the LA assay for diagnosing H. pylori infection and predicting gastric mucosal changes in a Mongolian population. Methods: In total, 484 individuals were classified into H. pylori-positive (n=356) and H. pylorinegative (n=128) groups, as determined by histology and H. pylori culture. Results: The best cutoff, sensitivity, and specificity values for the LA assay were 18.35 U/mL, 74.2%, and 65.6%, respectively. The LA values in the atrophic gastritis group were statistically higher than those in the other groups (healthy, chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer, p<0.0001). The cutoff value to distinguish the atrophic gastritis group from the other four groups was 32.0 U/mL, and its area under the curve was 0.673, which was the highest among the E-plate, pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, and PG I/II ratio tests in our data. The odds ratios for atrophic gastritis determined by the LA assay and PG I test in multiple logistic regression were 2.5 and 1.9, respectively, which were significantly higher than for the other tests. Conclusions The LA assay can determine the risk of atrophic gastritis, which in turn is a considerable risk factor for gastric cancer. We propose using this assay in combination with the PG I/II ratio to avoid missing gastric cancer patients who have a low LA value (less than 32.0 U/mL).

Background: Medicinal herbs have been used in traditional medicine to treat systemic inflammatory disease for many years. For instance, Rhodiola rosea L extracts were used to enhance behavioural stresses for improving fatigue and depression. Gallic acid, found in Rhodiola rosea L and Rhodiola quidrifida is, a natural polyphenol, exhibits multiple therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic effects. Saposhnikovia divaricate (its ethanol extract mainly) notified to support function of musculoskeletal tissue and to enhance tissue regeneration by its anti-inflammatory effect. The Salsola laricifolia L has been studied for its strong antioxidant activity, improve immune function, boost energy, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. This study allowed us to screen anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal plants and future therapeutic possibility. Aim: To study the content of phenolic compounds (gallic acid) in the composition of complex products of plants widely used in Mongolian traditional medicine, which have been found to have biological activity of the extracts Materials and Methods: The herbal extract was extracted from Rhodiola rosea L, Saposhnikovia divaricata (Tuscz) Schischk, Rhodiola quidrifida Pall.Fisch, Salsola laricifolia Turcz.ex Litv in laboratory of the Drug Research Institute of Monos Group, Mongolia. We used solvents for HPLC grade was used to identify the bioactive components that Gallic acid in the compound plant extract. : Results: The bioactive compounds in each of the Rhodiola rosea L, Rhodiola quadrifida Pall.Fisch and four medicinal plant extracts were identified using HPLC, confirming the presence of Gallic acid. Conclusion Our research results showed that the quantitative content of Gallic acid in the composite plant extract was high, at 1.02%.