1.Depression and potential risk factors among the elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kedah, Malaysia
Azniza Muhamad Radzi ; Nani Draman ; Siti Suhaila Mohd Yusoff ; Rosediani Muhamad,
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2019;74(2):103-108
Objective: Elderly with diabetes has been found to have a
higher chance of depression. Therefore, the aim of this
study is to determine the prevalence of depression and its
associated factors among elderly with Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus in Kedah.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the
Klinik Kesihatan Bandar, Sungai Petani, Kedah. The
inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥60 years with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus. Those with cognitive impairment,
presence of organic brain syndrome, presence of severe
mental disorder and patients who are either deaf or mute
were excluded. The Malay version of Geriatric Depression
Scale (M-GDS-14) was used to assess the depressive
symptoms. The data was analysed using descriptive
statistic and multiple logistic regression.
Results: A total of 511 patients participated in the study. The
mean age of the respondents is 64.5 (Standard Deviation 7.0)
years old. There were slightly more males (53.8%). Majority
were Malay (63.0%), married (76.9%) and has a household
income of less than RM1000 (67.5%). The prevalence of
depression was 32.1%. The number of elderly people living
with their children (Adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR0.20, 95%CI:
0.07, 0.55), elderly living with spouse, children, in law and
grandchildren (aOR2.95, 95%CI: 1.18, 7.37), diabetic
complication (aOR4.68, 95%CI: 2.63, 8.35) and HbA1c
(aOR1.23, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.39) are significantly associated with
depression.
Conclusion: The level of depression was found to be high.
Factors contributing to the significantly high level of
depression are found to be associated with living
arrangements, diabetic complication and HbA1c were
significantly associated with depression.