1.The Differential Profile of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) on the Basis of Criterion B of the DSM-5-AMPD in a College Sample
Azad Hemmati ; Sahar Rezaei Mirghaed ; Fateh Rahmani ; Saeid Komasi
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;26(5):74-87
Background: The present study was conducted to determine the differential profile of
social anxiety disorder (SAD) and avoidant personality disorder (APD) based on dimensional
diagnosis in criterion B of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (DSM-5-AMPD)
in a college sample.
Methods: Samples of this cross-sectional study included 320 (23.08 ± 2.66 years; 57%
female) college students in western Iran during February 2015 to December 2017. Liebowitz-social
anxiety scale, PID-5, SCID-II, SCID-II-SQ and diagnostic interview for SAD were the tools. The data
were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: Forty-three and 38 participants met criteria for SAD alone and APD, respectively.
Five main domains of PID-5 could explain 29% and 54% of the variance of SAD and APD,
respectively. Facets of negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism
could explain 25% versus 43%, 26% versus 54%, 7% versus 27%, 21% versus 41%, 13% versus 30% of
the variance of SAD and APD, respectively.
Conclusion: SAD and APD probably refer to two distinct mental states having prominent
anxiety, emotional instability, and interpersonal pattern of avoidance and detachment of
challenge. SAD is a simple form of mental disturbances with anxiety in its core features; although,
APD is possibly referring to more complicated psychopathology.
2.Efficient drug and gene delivery to liver fibrosis: rationale, recent advances, and perspectives.
Somayeh MAHDINLOO ; Seyed Hossein KIAIE ; Ala AMIRI ; Salar HEMMATI ; Hadi VALIZADEH ; Parvin ZAKERI-MILANI
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020;10(7):1279-1293
Liver fibrosis results from chronic damages together with an accumulation of extracellular matrix, and no specific medical therapy is approved for that until now. Due to liver metabolic capacity for drugs, the fragility of drugs, and the presence of insurmountable physiological obstacles in the way of targeting, the development of efficient drug delivery systems for anti-fibrotics seems vital. We have explored articles with a different perspective on liver fibrosis over the two decades, then collected and summarized the information by providing corresponding and cases. We have discussed the mechanism of hepatic fibrogenesis with different ways of fibrosis induction in animals. Furthermore, the critical chemical and herbal anti-fibrotics, biological molecules such as micro-RNAs, siRNAs, and growth factors, which can affect cell division and differentiation, are mentioned. Likewise, drug and gene delivery and therapeutic systems on and models are summarized in the data tables. This review article enlightens recent advances in emerging drugs and nanocarriers and represents perspectives on targeting strategies employed in liver fibrosis treatment.