Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of infraorbital canal protrusion in an Egyptian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography and to describe its radiographic representation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the records of 77 patients and 123 maxillary sinuses. The full lengths of the sinuses were visible for the detection of infraorbital canal protrusion. The infraorbital canals were classified into 3 types based on their relation to the sinus. If the septum was present, its length and its distance from the sinus floor were measured. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described as percentages and means with standard deviations, respectively. Results: The infraorbital canal most commonly presented as the normal confined type (detected in 78.1% of sinuses), whereas the suspended (or protruded) variant was found in 14.6% of the examined sinuses. The septal length ranged from 0.9 to 5.1 mm, with a mean of 2.8±1.1 mm. The distance to the sinus floor ranged from 5.2 to 29.6 mm depending on the sinus shape and size. Conclusion The present study indicates that protrusion of the infraorbital canal is not rare, and surgeons that use the maxillary sinuses as corridors for their procedures must be more cautious, especially in the upper lateral confines of the sinus.

BACKGROUND: The association of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was first reported in 1994. Little is known about the effect of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on glycemic control in T2DM patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors associated with improved glycemic control (IGC) by DAA treatment in Egyptian T2DM patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection. METHODS: This study included 460 T2DM patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection. Four hundred patients received DAAs and 60 patients did not receive DAAs. Patients with sustained virological response after 3 months of DAAs (378 patients) were allocated into two groups: first group included 292 patients (77.2%) with IGC and second group included 86 patients (22.8%) with non-improved glycemic control (NIGC). RESULTS: In IGC group, 78 patients (26.7%) needed to decrease the dose of antidiabetic treatment. There were no significant differences between IGC and NIGC groups as regards age, sex, and body mass index. The percentage of patients with positive family history of T2DM, those with Child B class and duration of T2DM were significantly higher in NIGC group compared to IGC. CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients receiving DAAs should be closely monitored for reduction of antidiabetic drugs especially insulin and sulfonylurea to avoid hypoglycemic events. Improvement of glycemic control with DAAs is more in patients without family history of T2DM, short duration of diabetes mellitus, and mild liver disease.
Antiviral Agents ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin ; Liver Diseases

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the myometrium with a diverse range of manifestations. Fibroids can dramatically increase in size during pregnancy due to the increase in estrogen levels. After delivery, the fibroids usually shrink back to their pre-pregnancy size. Uterine myomas may have many complications, including abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, pressure on nearby organs, degeneration, and malignant transformation. No previous reports have indicated that a fistula may develop between a uterine fibroid and the bowel loops, although previous studies have documented the occurrence of fistulas from the uterus to the bowel following myomectomy or uterine artery embolization performed to treat a myoma. In our case report, we document the rare complication of a fistula occurring between a degenerated myoma in the posterior wall and the ileum 1 week postoperatively in a patient who underwent a Caesarean section but did not have a history of uterine artery embolization.
Animals ; Cesarean Section* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Infertility ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myoma ; Myometrium ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Artery Embolization ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus

Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are infrequent, benign, and locally destructive lesions that most commonly occur during the first two decades of life. They usually affect the metaphysis of the long bones, but the pelvis is involved in 8%–12% of the cases. The management of pelvic ABCs is a challenging issue due to difficulties in choosing the appropriate approach, adjacent neurovascular bundles, the risk of intraoperative bleeding with difficulty achieving good hemostasis, and the risk of injury to the hip or sacroiliac joints. Limited data exist concerning the use of denosumab as a non-surgical treatment for pelvic ABCs. Our hypothesis was that denosumab might be an effective and safe solo treatment of cases with ABCs in the pelvis. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 20 patients with ABCs in the pelvis, who were treated by denosumab as a solo agent without surgery. Patients were assessed regarding disease control, the incidence of recurrence and non-oncological complications, and functional outcome. Results: The mean follow-up period was 38.5 months. Disease control was achieved in 16 patients (80%), with no local recurrence. Tolerable drug-related complications occurred in 15% of cases. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 92.3%. Conclusions Denosumab may provide a reliable option in the nonsurgical treatment of ABCs of pelvic origin with expected lower morbidity than the surgical solution and tolerable complications. Further studies on the safety profile and long-term effects of denosumab especially in skeletally immature patients are required.

The number of complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) in the Arabian Gulf region has risen in recent years, particularly those caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. The high prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and associated cardio-metabolic comorbidities in the region renders medical and surgical management of cSSTI patients with MDR infections challenging. An experienced panel of international and regional cSSTI experts (consensus group on cSSTIs) was convened to discuss clinical considerations for MDR infections from societal, antimicrobial stewardship, and cost perspectives, to develop best practice recommendations. This article discusses antibiotic therapies suitable for treating MDR cSSTIs in patients from the Gulf region and recommends that these should be tailored according to the local bacterial ecology by country and region. The article highlights the need for a comprehensive patient treatment pathway and defined roles of each of the multidisciplinary teams involved with managing patients with MDR cSSTIs. Aligned and inclusive definitions of cSSTIs for clinical and research purposes, thorough and updated epidemiological data on cSSTIs and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the region, clearcut indications of novel agents and comprehensive assessment of comparative data should be factored into decision-making are necessary.

and Relevance: This review provides insights into the future direction of modeling maternal-embryonic interaction research and its combination with other powerful technologies to interfere with this dialogue either by promoting or hindering it for improving fertility or methods for contraception, respectively. The merging of organoid systems with microfluidics facilitates the creation of sophisticated and functional organoid models, enhancing insights into organ development, disease mechanisms, and personalized medical investigations.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of our study was to assess the complications of hepatic fibrosis associated with bile duct ligation and the potential curative role of sepia ink extract in hepatic damage induced by bile duct ligation.

METHODSRattus norvegicus rats were divided into 3 groups: Sham-operated group, model rats that underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL rats treated orally with sepia ink extract (200 mg/kg body weight) for 7, 14, and 28 d after BDL.

RESULTSThere was a significant reduction in hepatic enzymes, ALP, GGT, bilirubin levels, and oxidative stress in the BDL group after treatment with sepia ink extract. Collagen deposition reduced after sepia ink extract treatment as compared to BDL groups, suggesting that the liver was repaired. Histopathological examination of liver treated with sepia ink extract showed moderate degeneration in the hepatic architecture and mild degeneration in hepatocytes as compared to BDL groups.

CONCLUSIONSepia ink extract provides a curative effect and an antioxidant capacity on BDL rats and could ameliorate the complications of liver cholestasis.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Bile Ducts ; surgery ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Cholestasis, Extrahepatic ; blood ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Ink ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Sepia ; chemistry

ABSTRACT This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed at determining frequency and risk indicators/predictors of periodontitis in a sample of Egyptian adult population and to develop a prediction equation for classifying periodontal diseases. Seven hundred and fifty subjects were consecutively recruited from outpatient Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. Validated oral health questionnaire for adults and oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire were filled by all patients. Diagnosis was made based on measurements of clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession. Radiographic examination was performed using digital periapical radiographs. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of periodontal diseases and discriminant analysis was performed to predict periodontal disease classification. Gingivitis was the most frequent periodontal disease (39.6%) followed by periodontitis stage I (38%), stage II (20.4%), stage III (1.6%) and stage IV (0.4%). The lowest OHIP-14 scores were in patients with periodontitis stages III and IV. Multivariate analysis showed that education (p < 0.001), OHIP-14 score (p = 0.003), non-smoking (p = 0.001) and non-alcohol drinking (p = 0.021) were significant negative predictors, while never to clean the teeth (p <0.001) and cleaning the teeth once a month (p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors of periodontal disease. Periodontitis stages III and IV were the least frequent on a sample of Egyptian adult patients. Education, frequency of teeth cleaning, smoking, alcohol drinking and OHIP-14 scores were significant predictors of periodontal disease. Through discriminant analysis this study could classify patients into different periodontal diseases with an overall correct prediction of 99.2%.
Periodontal Diseases--epidemiology

Objective: To explore the efficacy of earthworm's coelomic fluid against gentamicin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Methods: The animals were divided randomly into three groups (n = 6 per group): control, gentamicin, and Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid-treated groups. Toxicity was established after injection of gentamicin daily for 8 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase and histopathology of tissues were investigated in the study. Results: Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid significantly decreased urea, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde levels while significantly increasing levels of total proteins, albumin, glutathione and catalase. The histopathological investigation showed partial restoration of renal and hepatic architecture. Conclusions: This study shows the potency of Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid in improving the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by gentamicin in the liver and kidney of the rats.