Objective To explore the nutritional increased risk related factors in esophageal cancer patients after chemoradio‐therapy .Methods Sixty‐eight esophageal cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy were prospectively investiga‐ted .The patient‐generated subjective global assessment(PG‐SGA) was adopted to grade the nutritional risk .All of the patients re‐ceived early nutrition education and short‐term nutrition support for severe malnutrition ,nutritional status was assessed again at the end of radiotherapy .The patients were divided into the mild‐to‐moderate malnutrition group[PG‐SGA(B)group] and the severe malnutrition group [PG‐SGA(C)group] according to the PG‐SGA score on admission .The body mass ,albumin(Alb) ,hemoglobin (Hb) ,white blood cells ,platelets ,neutrophils ,lymphocytes ,monocytes and other objective nutrition indicators were collected before and after chemoradiation .Results There were 24 cases in the PG‐SGA(B) group and 44 cases in the PG‐SGA(C) group;the gen‐der ,age and ethnic had no statistical differences between the two groups(P>0 .05) .Hb(χ2 =2 .710 ,P=0 .009) and Alb(χ2 =3 .743 ,P=0 .000) before chemoradiotherapy had no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0 .05);Hb and Alb after che‐moradiotherapy in the PG‐SGA(B) group were higher than those in the PG‐SGA(C) group .The body mass index(BMI)before and after chemoradiotherapy had statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0 .05) .The percentage of body mass decrease in the two groups had no statistical significance (P=0 .487) .The PG‐SGA scores after chemoradiotherapy were positively correlated with the change of Hb ,Alb ,BMI parameters and percentage of weight decrease before and after chemoradiotherapy(rs=0 .240 ,0 .249 ,0 .282 ,0 .447 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The poor understanding of malnutrition ,the change of Hb ,Alb ,BMI parame‐ters and percentage of body weight decrease before and after chemoradiotherapy are the nutritional increased risk factors in esopha‐geal cancer patients after chemoradiotherapy .

Objective To observe the efficacy and the toxicity of external irradiation combined with 252Cf brachytherapy on advanced cardiac carcinoma.Methods 48 patients with advanced cardiac carcinoma hospitalized during March 2007 to December 2010 were recruited,in which 39 cases were adenocarcinoma,5 patients were squamous carcinoma and 4 cases were signet-ring cell carcinoma.All cases had a Kamofsky above 80,no metastasis and received radiotherapy sequenced external and internal irradiation.The external irradiation was conducted under a 6MV X linear accelerator,and a dose of 38-45 Gy (2 Gy/22 f).The type ZH-1000 252Cf neutron breach-loading machine was used for brachytherapy with a dose of 12-16 Gy.Results Dysphagia cleared in all cases.The short-term efficacy (PR+CR) rate was 91.7 ％ (44/48).One and two year survival rate were,respectively,39.6 ％ and 6.3 ％.25 (52.1％) patients had gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea,vomiting and impedance,and grade 1,2 neutropenia were occurred in 21 (43.8 ％) and 3 (6.3 ％) patients.Conclusion External irradiation combined with 252Cf brachytherapy is a safe,effective and tolerable treatment for advanced cardiac carcinoma.

Objective To study the effect of radiotherapy and prognostic factors for patients with post-operative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal carcinoma. Methods From 2000 to 2005,91 patients with esophageal carcinoma who developed post-operative loco-regional recurrence were analyzed retrospectively. The interval between surgery and recurrence was 1 -35 months, with a median interval of 11.1 months. There were 4 patients with anastomosis relapse, 6 with anastomosis and mediastinal lymph nodes relapse,4 with abdominal lymph node relapse, 20 with supra-clavicular lymph node relapse, 34 with mediastinal lymph node relapse, and 23 with mediastinal and supra-clavicular lynph node relapse. There were 56 and 35 patients who received conventional and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy respectively, with a total radiation dose of 50 -70 Gy. Sixty-eight patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Results The follow-up rate was 95%. The 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 52%, 20% and 14%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the recurrence time (P = 0. 001), postoperative stage (P =0. 000), radiation dose (P =0. 001) ,overall response rate (P =0. 000) ,T stage (P =0. 028), and N stage (P = 0. 003) were related with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the recurrence time (P =0. 014), postoperative stage (P = 0. 006), radiation dose (P = 0. 009), overall response rate (P = 0. 000)were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions Radiotherapy may improve the survival of esophageal carcinoma patients with postoperative recurrence. Patients with long recurrence-free time, early stage, high response rates, and radiation dose of higher than 60 Gy have better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expressions of AGGF1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their relationships with clinical features and prognosis of ESCC. Methods The expressions of AGGF1 in 70 cases of ESCC and 30 cases of normal esophageal tissue were examined using SP immunohistochemical staining and were analyzed according to the clinical features and follow-up data. Results The expressions of AGGF1 in 70 cases of ESCC was significantly higher than those in 30 cases of normal esophageal tissue [54.29%(38/70) vs. 23.33%(7/30)](P=0.004). The expressions of AGGF1 in ESCC were significantly related to the TNM stage, clinical stage and prognosis (P all<0.05). The OS was shorter in the positive teams of AGGF1 than that in the negative teams [(19.7 ± 3.5) months vs. (33.2 ± 4.0) months] (P=0.015). Cox- proportional multivariate analysis showed that positive expressions of AGGF1 and VEGF (P=0.043, 0.024) and clinical stage (P=0.035) were significant prognostic factors in overall survival. Conclusions AGGF1 has high expressions in ESCC, and it is closely related to the clinical features and prognosis of ESCC.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level for cervical cancer and its relationship with the therapeutic efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).Methods Eighty patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC),20 patients with chronic cervicitis,and 20 healthy persons (as controls) were enrolled in the study.The CSCC patients received CCRT.All the subjects had their baseline serum VEGF levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);also,the CSCC patients had their serum VEGF levels measured by ELISA at 3 months after CCRT.The relationship between the serum VEGF levels and therapeutic efficacy of CCRT was analyzed.Results The CSCC patients had a significantly higher baseline serum VEGF level than the chronic cervicitis patients and controls (237.36 μg/L vs.142.36 μg/L,t =4.03,P =0.000).The serum VEGF level was closely related to tumor stage,tumor differentiation,and lymph node metastasis.A serum VEGF level above 197.52 μg/L was the optimal cut point for diagnosing cervical cancer,with a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.72.The serum VEGF levels before and after CCRT showed a close relationship with the therapeutic efficacy.The patients achieving a complete remission had a significantly greater change in serum VEGF level than those with progression; the patients with high baseline serum VEGF levels had a significantly higher tumor progression or death rate than those with low baseline serum VEGF levels.Conclusions Serum VEGF level has poor diagnostic value for cervical cancer,though it is closely related to the tumor stage,tumor differentiation,and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer.However,serum VEGF level has some predictive value for the therapeutic efficacy of CCRT in patients with cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND:It is very important to appreciate the Sagittal discrepancy during the diagnosis and therapy in orthodontics patients.At present,ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value were often used to evaluate the mandible and maxilla relationships in orthodontic clinic.Correlation and variance degree among these parameters were analyzed to judge the reliability.OBJECTIVE:To compare the reliability of ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value in assessing sagittal discrepancy between mandible and maxilla in transitional dentition cases with Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion.METHODS:Totally 56 patients of Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion in transitional dentition at the Department of Orthodontics,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,between January 2004 and June 2009,were selected.ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value of Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion in transitional dentition were measured on the cephalometric radiographs.The radiographs were scanned by Microtek Phantom 9800 XL scanner at proportion of 1:1 with 300 dpi pixels,and saved as JPG format.The JPG pictures were fixed-point using Photoshop 8.0 to measure ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value,the mean value was obtained after 3 times measurement.The correlation and variance degree among these parameters were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Significant correlation was found among ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value (P＜0.05).The coefficients of variation for the 4 indexes were 1.35,0.75,0.07 and 0.04,respectively.The results demonstrated that,it is accurate to use ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value as cephalometric norm to evaluate sagittal discrepancy of maxmandibul in transitional dentition cases with Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion.However,the APDI value is more reliable as cephalometric norm.

BACKGROUND:Beta angle,as a new index for the assessment of sagittal jaw relationship,has been widely used by clinical doctors.However,hand-made measurement but not academic software is still adopted in some hospital.OBJECTIVE:To study the beta angle of different skeletal patterns in Urumqi city for the clinical use of the method to assess the sagittal jaw relationship,and verify the possibility of Photoshop software to measurement of beta angle.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An observational experiment and measurement design was performed at Department of Orthodontics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2006 to May 2009.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 262 malocclusion cases including 94 males and 168 females were lived in Urumqi City.They were divided into three groups based on type of facies ossea,including type Ⅰ group (n=119),type Ⅱ group (n=74),and type Ⅲ group (n=69).METHODS:Lateral position of skull was photographed using X-ray,and beta angle was measured using Photoshop 8.0 software.Sex and type of facies ossea were compared using one-way analysis of variance and t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Beta angle of male and female;beta angle of the types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ.RESULT:There was no significant difference in beta angle between males and females (P>0.05).Beta angle of type Ⅰ was (34.15±3.88)°,that of type Ⅱ was (26.42±2.65)°,and that of type Ⅲ was 42.41°±1.88°.There was significant difference in beta angle among three types of facies ossea (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Beta angle is an index for the assessment of sagittal jaw relationship.The reference range of the beta angle is 30°-38°.Photoshop 8.0 software is a novel tool to measure cephalometry.

Objective: To investigate the effects of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether ( BDE-47 ) on the differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts-3T3-L1, so as to provide the basis for revealing the mechanism of environmental obesity factors. Methods: The 3T3-L1 cells were divided into five BDE-47 intervention groups ( 25, 18.75, 12.5, 7.5 and 2.5 µmol/L ), a positive control group (1 µmol/L 2, 4-thiazolidinedione) and a negative control group ( 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide ) for the induction of differentiation. The lipid droplet accumulation in adipocytes was observed by oil red O staining treatment and detection of optical desity ( OD ) on the eighth day of differentiation. Triglyceride ( TG ) content was measured using the histiocyte TG enzymatic assay kit. The mRNA expression of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ ( PPARγ ) was measured by RT-PCR. Results: The positive areas of oil red O staining, OD values, TG content and mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPARγ in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly different among seven groups ( P<0.05 ). The positive areas of oil red O staining and OD values in the BDE-47 groups with different concentrations were higher than those in the negative control group ( P<0.05 ). The 18.75 µmol/L BDE-47 group had higher TG levels than the negative control group ( P<0.05 ). The mRNA expression of PPARγ in the 25, 18.75, 12.5, and 7.5 µmol/L BDE-47 groups and the positive control group was higher than that in the negative control group ( P<0.05 ). The mRNA expression of PPARγ in the 12.5 µmol/L BDE-47 group was higher than that in the 25, 18.75, 7.5, 2.5 µmol/L BDE-47 group and the positive control group ( P<0.05 ). The mRNA expression of adiponectin in the 12.5, 7.5 µmol/L BDE-47 group and the positive control group was higher than that in the negative control group ( P<0.05 ). The mRNA expression of adiponectin in the 12.5 µmol/L BDE-47 group was higher than that in the 25, 18.75, 2.5 µmol/L BDE-47 group ( P<0.05 ). The mRNA expression of PPARγ and adiponectin in the different concentration groups of BDE-47 distributed like inverted "U" shape. Conclusion BDE-47 can promote the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Low concentration of BDE-47 may induce adipocyte differentiation by activating PPARγ.

Objective: To understand the pathogenic spectrum characteristics of enteroviruses of non-enterovirus (EV) 71 and non-coxsackievirus (CV) A16 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xinjiang. Methods: Specimens were collected from HFMD patients infected with non-EV-A71 non-CV-A16 enterovirus from 2011 to 2016 in Xinjiang. The virion protein (VP)1 gene sequence was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. Sequencing and genotyping were performed through erterovirus genotyping tool. Results: A total of 119 sequences were obtained, 15 human enterovirus serotypes were identified including CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A4, CV-A8, CV-B1, CV-B3 (4 strains), CV-B4, CV-B5, ECHO30, ECHO12, ECHO14, CV-A9, CV-A24, PV1 and PV3. The composition ratio of CV-A6 among non-EV-A71 non-CV-A16 enterovirus in 2013, 2015 and 2016 was 87.9%, 79.5% and 88.3% respectively. Conclusions The pathogens causing HFMD in Xinjiang included more than 17 kinds of human enterovirus serotypes. Since 2013, CV-A6 has become the main pathogen of HFMD simultaneously or alternately with EV-A71 and CV-A16.

OBJECTIVETo analysis the genotypes of wild type hepatitis A virus circulated in Xinjiang Hetian of China in 2006.

METHODSThe Vp1-2A region of HAV genome was amplified and sequenced from serum samples collected in Xinjiang Hetian of China in 2006, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining (NJ) method.

RESULTSThe nucleotide sequence differences in the VP1-2A region among Xinjiang Hetian HAV strains ranged from 0%-3.9%, all belonged to sub-genotype 1A. Genetically similar strains were identified among Xinjiang Hetian 2006 and Xinjiang Yili 2005 of China isolates. Only 0-2 amino acid differences were found among the Xinjiang Hetian HAV isolates in the VP1-2A region.

CONCLUSIONThere were different HAV strains existing in the investigated areas, these strains may have different transmission pathways for the spread of the disease. The results indicate the usefulness of molecular epidemiological methods in studying changes in the circulating HAV strains and in tracing transmission routes, and also for effectively control measures to prevent the spread of the disease.

China ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; immunology ; virology ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Viral Structural Proteins ; genetics