Background: Autoimmune diseases represent a significant health burden for 3% to 9% of the general population, and rheumatology, perhaps more than any other medical subspecialty, encompasses a broad array of such diseases that affect a wide range of organ systems including the eye. It serves as a sensitive barometer of autoimmune phenomena in many of the rheumatic diseases.

Objective: The study determined the various ocular manifestations of all autoimmune inflammatory disorders at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Section of Rheumatology and the Department of Ophthalmology from 2003 to 2018.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was done involving chart review of patients from both private division and clinical division. Sex, age, duration of disease, medications given, and ocular manifestations were determined. Statistical analysis included frequencies, percentages, and logistic regression analysis.

Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. Of these, 58.2% (39/67) had ocular manifestations secondary to an established autoimmune disease. It was found out that 58.97% (23/39) had Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Other autoimmune diseases with ophthalmologic manifestations were systemic lupus erythematosus at 12.8% (5/39), ankylosing spondylitis at 10.25% (4/39), rheumatoid arthritis and Behcet's syndrome at 5.12% (2/39), and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, scleroderma and psoriatic arthritis at 2.56% (1/39).

Conclusion: In this population, the frequency of ocular manifestations of autoimmune diseases remained low with anterior uveitis as the most common. Close coordination between specialties is very important in the course of treatment and management to lessen its complications and related morbidity.

Autoimmune Diseases ; Child ; Humans

Autoimmune Diseases ; Humans ; Liver Diseases

Autoimmune Diseases ; Humans ; Liver Diseases

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Autoimmune Diseases* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Autoimmune Diseases* ; Humans

Recent studies have demonstrated that annular erythema(AE) associated with anti-Ro(SSA) and/or La(SSB) autoantibodies as a unique cutaneous manifestation of Sj gren syndrome(SS) or SS/systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) overlap syndrome in Orientals. We report two cases of annular erythemas who had anti-Ro/La antibodies in a setting of SS/SLE overlap syndrome and in a case of anti-La antibody alone with no underlying autoimmune disease, respectively. It appears that the AE may not be a rarely encountering cutaneous lesions among Korean/Oriental people.
Antibodies ; Autoantibodies* ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Erythema*

Introduction: Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune inflammatory process typically presenting with symmetric proximal muscle weakness preceded by skin lesions. We report a case of dermatomyositis initially presenting with pleural effusion before developing rashes and proximal muscle weakness. Case presentation: A 46-year-old female with no known comorbidities presented with four weeks of anorexia. On work-up, she was found to have bilateral pleural effusion. Diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis done draining one liter. Pleural fluid analysis showed exudative character with no presence of bacteria or malignant cells. Intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5g every eight hours was given for one week but effusion persisted. After 10 days of intravenous antibiotic, antibiotic was shifted to oral cefixime 400mg tab once daily and levofloxacin 500mg tab once daily. However patient developed maculopapular rashes over the face, neck and arms two days after starting the oral antibiotics. The antibiotics were withheld and antihistamine was given for possible drug reaction. No improvement thus oral prednisone 20mg/day for six days was given. After 14 days of oral prednisone, rashes persisted, now with proximal muscle weakness in all extremities associated with the ‘V-sign’ and ‘shawl sign’. The patient was readmitted and work-up showed resolution of pleural effusion. ANA was positive and CKMM level was markedly high. Other rheumatologic tests were unremarkable. Patient was started on Intravenous hydrocortisone 200mg/day and methotrexate 7.5mg/ day once a week. Nine days after initiating intravenous glucocorticoid and methotrexate, patient’s symptoms resolved. Patient was advised for malignancy work-up on follow-up but was lost to follow-up. Discussion: Dermatomyositis initially presents with rashes (100%) and proximal myopathy (95.2%). Interstitial lung disease (ILD) may occur (28.6%), but pleural involvement is rare with only three reported cases and all were associated with ILD. There are no reports of pleural effusion as the initial manifestation. Dermatomyositis is confirmed using the Bohan and Peter Criteria and our patient fulfilled a definitive diagnosis. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs are mainstay treatment. Pleural effusion involvement was observed to have good response to treatment, in contrast to ILD which was associated with higher mortality thus should be ruled out in patients with pleural effusion. Conclusion Autoimmune diseases are known for classic manifestations, but may rarely mimic common clinical manifestations thus high index of suspicion is warranted to provide prompt management.
Dermatomyositis ; Pleural Effusion ; Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune Diseases ; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases ; Humans

Autoimmune Diseases ; Humans ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; Ulcer