Allergic response to common environmental agents has been regarded as a main pathogenetic mechanism of bronchial asthma. However, allergic sensitization (atopy) can not be detected in a siginificant number of adult asthmatic patients. The etiology of nonatopic asthma has not yet been defined. To evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune response against bronchial mucosa in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma, we performed indirect immunofluorescence staining of fresh frozen human bronchial mucosa tissue using serum samples from patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma, healthy controls, and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On immunostaining, circulating IgG autoantibodies against bronchial mucosa were detected in 2 (9.1%) of 22 patients with nonatopic asthma and in none of 22 patients with atopic asthma and of 22 healthy controls. IgG autoantibodies from the two patients with nonatopic asthma predominantly stained the cytoplasmic membrane of basal cells in bronchial epithelium. Serum samples from 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus immunostained the nucleus of epithelial cells in whole layer of bronchial epithelium. This study showed the presence of circulating IgG autoantibodies against the bronchial epithelial cell in a small portion of patients with nonatopic asthma. Further studies may be necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma.
Asthma/immunology* ; Autoantibodies/immunology* ; Autoantibodies/blood ; Bronchi/immunology* ; Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Human ; Immunity, Mucosal/immunology ; Respiratory Mucosa/immunology*

Vitiligo is a disease in which melanocytes are selectively destroyed. The disease is thought to be an autoimmune process being there are antibodies to pigment cells in the sera of patients and animals with vitiligo. In the present study, sera from vitiligo patients were examined for reactivity with the human melanoma cell line, SK-Mel-28, by Western blot analysis of solubilized membrane antigens of these cells to identify the pigment cell antigens defined by antibodies in the patients with vitiligo. Antibody reactivity to human melanoma cells (SK-Mel-28) was investigated in 14 patients with vitiligo, and 16 with normal control individuals. Antibodies to the 116-113, 60, 40 KD antigens were associated with vitiligo being present in 79%, 86%, and 43% respectively of the patients with vitiligo, but in only 6%, 38% and 6% of the normal controls. In contrast, antibodies to the 160-155, 78 and 64 KD antigens were equally common in vitiligo and in normal individuals. The results suggest that autoreactivity to pigment cells occurs more commonly in patients with vitiligo than in the normal control and high autoreactivity to pigment cells in the vitiligo sera might be an impertinent epiphemenon to destroyed pigment cell.
Antibodies, Neoplasm/*blood ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Autoantibodies/blood ; Blotting, Western ; Human ; Melanoma/*immunology ; Vitiligo/*immunology

No abstract available.
Adult ; Autoantibodies/*blood ; Gangliosides/blood/*immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmoplegia/blood/*diagnosis/immunology ; Recurrence ; Syndrome

Immunotherapy has become the fourth cancer therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors are proved to be unprecedentedly in increasing the overall survival rates of patients with refractory cancers, such as advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. However, inhibitor therapies are only effective in a small proportion of patients with problems, such as side effects and high costs. Therefore, doctors urgently need reliable predictive biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor therapies to choose the optimal therapies. Here, we review the biomarkers that can serve as potential predictors of the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, including tumor-specific profiles and tumor microenvironment evaluation and other factors.
Autoantibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms ; blood ; therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment

Autoantibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Female ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; blood ; immunology ; Male ; Mitochondria ; immunology

Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Autoimmunity ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Hepatitis C ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; immunology ; Muscle, Smooth ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies

We selected 12 antigens corresponding to commonly used autoantibodies in clinical practice to prepare antigen microarray. We chose NBT/BCIP color reaction as the end detection strategy to develop a new autoantibody protein chip detection system. Using this system, we optimized the best spotting solution, spotting concentration of the 12 antigens and the dilution of serum. We prepared a protein chip that could detect 12 autoantibodies simultaneously using the optimized antigen concentration. We established a new method to determine the cutoff of each autoantibodies by evaluation of 678 positive and 120 negative serum of clinical sample. We also evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of our new detection system. The optimal spotting solution was 0.1% TBST, the dilution of serum was 1:4 and the best spotting concentration of the 12 antigens were ANA 520 microg/mL, Ro-60/SSa 465 microg/mL, La/SSb 530 microg/mL, Jo-1 530 microg/mL, Scl-70 525 microg/mL, Sm 520 microg/mL, Ro-52/SSa 615 microg/mL, RF 340 microg/mL, CCP 465 microg/mL, ulRNP 410 microg/mL, CENP-B 490 microg/mL and dsDNA 580 microg/mL respectively. It had higher coincidence rate compared to current clinical used methods. We have developed a 12 antigens protein chip for the detection of autoantibodies based on the NBT/BCIP color reaction system. This system was fast, convenient, efficient, and cost-effective.
Autoantibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Protein Array Analysis ; instrumentation ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neuro-developmental disorders in early childhood which are defined by social difficulties, communication deficits and repetitive or restrictive interests and behaviours. The etiology of ASD remains poorly understood. Much research has shown that children with ASD suffer from immunological dysfunction. This article reviews the current research progress on immunological dysfunction in children with ASD, including abnormalities in immune cells, antibodies, complements, cytokines, major histocompatibility complex and their potential association with ASD, and explores the impacts of maternal immunological activation on the immune dysfunction of children with ASD.
Autoantibodies ; blood ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; etiology ; immunology ; Cytokines ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Lymphocytes ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are autoantibodies to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the sera of patients and to find new NPC biomarkers. METHODS: Cell plate of Epstein Barr virus negative NPC cell line CNE1 was prepared, and difference between 32 NPC patient sera and 54 normal sera was analyzed by ELISA. We extracted the total protein of CNE1, and analyzed whether there were specific proteins to react with NPC sera by Western blot. RESULTS: The average absorbance values of serum antibody in NPC patients (0.904+/-0.032) were significantly higher than those of normal serum antibody absorbance values (0.736+/-0.028) (P< 0.01). The analysis with Western blot showed there were positive bands,and some of these were unanimous bands, but the intensity increased, and some of these were new bands compared with the normal sera. These positive bands may be NPC tumor-associated antigens or NPC tumor-specific antigens. CONCLUSION Autoantibodies that react with NPC exist in the sera of NPC patients, but they do not react with Epstein-Barr virus. It provides the basis to seek the tumor biomarkers in NPC sera.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; immunology ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology

The pathogenetic mechanism of nonatopic asthma has not yet been defined. The idea of a possible involvement of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma has been proposed by earlier studies. To evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune response against bronchial epithelial cell in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma, we measured circulating autoantibodies to cultured human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B cell line) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used stored serum samples form 38 age-matched healthy controls, 26 adult patients with atopic asthma, 16 adult patients with nonatopic asthma, and 12 adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Levels of IgG autoantibodies to bronchial epithelial cell were significantly higher in patients with nonatopic asthma (mean+/-SD of absorbance values; 0.135+/-0.030) and systemic lupus erythematosus (0.293+/-0.181) than in healthy controls (0.112+/-0.016) and patients with atopic asthma (0.116+/-0.031) (p<0.05). This study showed that levels of circulating IgG autoantibodies to bronchial epithelial cell were increased in adult patients with nonatopic asthma. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible involvement of autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma.
Adult ; Asthma/*immunology ; Autoantibodies/*blood ; Bronchi/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Human ; Hypersensitivity/immunology ; IgG/blood