PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an educational program to reduce negative attitudes toward persons with mental illness (PMIs) using online media and to test its effectiveness. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with a pre-posttest was employed in this study. A total of 143 lay people were enrolled. The study variables were knowledge and attitudes about mental illness, and social distance. The four domains of attitudes were authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness and community mental health ideology. RESULTS: Phase 1: In an attempt to develop an educational program, the researcher conducted interviews with lay people and families of PMIs, and reviewed the pertinent literature. Three mental health professionals were consulted after developing the program. The program consisted of eight sessions. Phase 2: Community mental health ideology differed significantly between groups after the experiment. Knowledge tended to increase in the experimental group, while social restrictiveness showed a tendency to decrease. However, the changes were not significant in either case. Authoritarianism, benevolence, and social distance were not significantly different between groups. There was a significant difference in the pattern of change over time for both groups regarding authoritarianism, benevolence, and social restrictiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The program developed here was partially effective at changing negative attitudes. The online video program can be used by community mental health nurses to enhance general knowledge and help reduce stigma.
Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Social Distance

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of video-based contact with educational lectures on the stigma of mental illness and to follow-up to determine any changes in their effects on college students. METHODS: A total of 107 college students were randomly assigned to either an education group (n=50) or a video-based contact group (n=57). All were completed pre-tested, post-tested, and subjected to three month follow-up measures using the Community Attitudes to the Mentally Ill Inventory (CAMI). RESULTS: The video-based contact group showed significant positive improvement in the subtypes authoritarianism, social restrictiveness, and community mental health ideology of the CAMI at posttest and three month follow-up. The education group also showed significant positive improvement in subtypes social restrictiveness and community mental health ideology of the CAMI; however, its effects were limited only after education. There were no significant changes in the benevolence subtype of the CAMI in either group at post-test and three month follow-up. CONCLUSION: In comparison with education that utilizes lectures, the video-based contact showed more effectiveness in decreasing the stigma of mental illness and its effects were evident at posttest and three month follow-up.
Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lectures ; Mental Health ; Mentally Ill Persons ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of human rights sensitivity and social distance in psychiatric hospital orderlies on attitudes toward mental illness, including authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community mental health ideology. METHODS: Participants were 201 psychiatric hospital orderlies working in one national mental hospital or one of 10 private mental hospitals. Data were collected from May 9 to June 22, 2016. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Human rights sensitivity and social distance were statistically significant predictors for the attitude toward mental illness in psychiatric hospital orderlies. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that human rights sensitivity and social distance explained an additional 23% of authoritarianism, 16% of benevolence, 35% of social restrictiveness and 29% of community mental health ideology. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that education programs to increase levels of human rights sensitivity and reduce the levels of social distance among psychiatric hospital orderlies would improve their attitude toward patients with the mental illness.
Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Education ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Human Rights* ; Humans* ; Mental Health ; Psychiatric Aides* ; Social Distance*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the teachers' attitudes, discrimination, and causes of prejudice towards people with mental illnesses. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used and participants included 158 teachers who were recruited from four schools in S and G cities, Korea. From October to December, 2011, data on general characteristics, attitudes, discrimination and causes of prejudice towards people with mental illnesses were collected using self-administered questionnaires. SPSS/WIN 18.0 version was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The mean scores of teachers' attitudes towards people with mental illness were, authoritarianism, 3.24, benevolence, 2.96, social restrictiveness, 3.44 and community mental health ideology, 2.75. There were significant differences in benevolence according to age. The experience of meeting people with mental illness contributed to positive attitudes towards people with mental illness in the benevolence subscale. There were significant differences in social restrictiveness according to residence. There were significant differences in discrimination according to age. Subscales of attitudes were significantly correlated with discrimination. CONCLUSION: These results emphasize a need for continuous education not only of teachers but also of the general population.
Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Prejudice ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to inquire about the present status of violence among doctors. It also examined the relationship between the violent act and authoritarianism, aggression and the offenders personality characteristics. METHODS: 93 doctors (22 professors, 33 residents, and 33 medical students) participated through survey questionnaires and standardized scales including Eysenck Type A Questionnaire, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Korean Version Authoritarianism Scale, and Aggression Questionnaire. RESULTS: 51.6% of the subjects experienced abusive words from other doctors and 11.8% experienced physical violence. 18.3% of the subjects inflicted abusive words on other physicians. Most of the offenders were superiors of the victims. Offenders experienced abusive words from other doctors significantly more than non-offenders. Among the respondents, residents showed a higher score in the Aggression Questionnaire. There was no difference between the offenders and the victims on authoritarianism, aggression and personality scales. CONCLUSION: Verbal and physical violence among doctors is common. Almost all offenders were superiors of the victims and there was no official system set up to prevent or manage violence among doctors. A campaign to rid of violence in the medical field is strongly needed.
Aggression* ; Authoritarianism* ; Criminals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Violence* ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate employer's attitude towards mentally disabled people. METHODS: The Lee (1996)'s questionnaire of community people's attitude on perception for mentally disabled people was used to collect data from 208 employers in Busan City. chi2-test and t-test were used to explore related factors of employer's attitude. RESULTS: Employers having experience of hiring physically or mentally disabled people showed higher CAMI scores (p=.002). Especially, employers having experience of hiring mentally disabled people showed higher scores in four components of authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community mental health ideology than any other groups. In addition, we found differences in employers' attitude on authoritarianism and benevolence according to types of industries and the number of employees. CONCLUSION: We could suggest that employers experience of employing disabled and mentally disabled people could improve their positive attitude. Therefore, we call for various efforts and programs development to encourage employers to hire mentally disabled people.
Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation, Vocational

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors influencing adjustment during army life after analyzing the relationship among relational self, community attitudes toward the mentally ill (CAMI), and adjustment during army life in Korea. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was conducted with 230 soldiers from two military units located in Y and B cities. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Empathy-care showed significantly positive correlations with adjustment during army life. Avoidance of relationships showed significantly negative correlations with adjustment. Negative concepts in CAMI, such as authoritarianism and social restrictiveness, became were getting more negative. Positive concepts in CAMI, such as benevolence and community mental health ideology, were lacking. Significant factors were empathy-care, authoritarianism, overdependence on relations, and social restrictiveness which explained 30.1% (F=8.55, p<.001) of adjustment during army life. CONCLUSION: To improve military adjustment for soldiers, it is necessary to reduce misunderstandings of people with mentally illness as well as to make efforts towards systematic interpersonal relationship interventions for positive evaluation of self and others to enhance the mental health of soldiers.
Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Mentally Ill Persons* ; Military Personnel ; Self Psychology* ; Social Adjustment

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with the social distance attitudes of nursing students towards adults with mental disorders. The relationship between social distance and attitudes toward adults with mental disorders was also examined. METHODS: A descriptive research was conducted to describe the characteristics of the population and the data were collected from September 22 to October 2, 2014. The sample included 359 participants. Social distance was measured by a modified version of the Social Distance Scale and CAMI was used to assess attitudes towards adults with mental disorders. RESULTS: Participants showed less authoritarian, more benevolence, less social restrictiveness in attitudes towards adults with mental disorders. The participants also showed a positive community mental health ideology. More importantly, the attitudes towards people with mental disorders was the strongest predictor (β=.67), explaining 35% of the social distance. CONCLUSION: With a deeper understanding of social distance as related to attitudes towards people with mental disorders, it is possible to create targeted interventions with the overall goal of minimizing the social distance and authoritarianism and of facilitating benevolence among nursing students.
Adult* ; Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Humans ; Mental Disorders* ; Mental Health ; Nursing* ; Social Distance* ; Students, Nursing*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes toward the mentally ill, identify the factors influencing their attitudes of administration clerks in national and private mental hospitals, and to get basic data to develop education program and the strategy to treatment of mental illness. METHODS: Total 166 administration clerks working in the two national mental hospital and four private mental hospital were interviewed by Community Attitudes to the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale. RESULTS: The administration clerks who working in the mental hospital showed generally sympathetic and positive attitudes in all CAMI scales like other community residents and mental health personnels. Administration clerks working in national mental hospitals showed more positive attitudes in authoritarianism subscale than those in private mental hospitals. Females who live in township areas (myeon), are low educated and have shorter duration of employment in national mental hospitals had relatively negative attitudes toward the mentally ill. Administration clerks working in private mental hospitals showed less significant differences according toward demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: It will be necessary to give information and systematic education about mental health for those who have negative attitude toward mentally ill, especially in the early period of employment. Further investigations should include comparison between characteristics of administration clerks working in national and private mental hospitals and change in attitudes after systematic education.
Authoritarianism ; Education ; Employment ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Mentally Ill Persons* ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate cybersex addiction, gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents, and to identify the relationships among these variables. METHOD: The participants were 690 students from two middle schools and three high schools in Seoul. Data was collected through selfreport questionnaires which included a cybersex addiction index, a Korean gender egalitarianism scale for adolescents, a sexual attitude scale and a scale for the allowance of sexual violence. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Of the adolescents, 93.3% reported not being addicted to cybersex, 5.7% reported being mildly addicted, 0.4% moderately addicted, and 0.6% severely addicted. Cybersex addiction, gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents were different according to general characteristics. Cybersex addiction of adolescents correlated with gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence. CONCLUSION: Gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents were influenced by cybersex addiction. Therefore, nursing interventions for prevention and management of cybersex addiction need to be developed and provided to adolescents. In addition, varied programs for teaching sexuality to adolescents should be developed and provided.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; *Adolescent Psychology ; Authoritarianism ; Behavior, Addictive/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Rape ; Sexual Behavior/*psychology ; Students/psychology