Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing Loss, Central ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to know more about the characteristic of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) for high risk infants. METHOD: The newborn hearing screening was performed with automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR) and transient evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE) for the infants in the NICUs from August 2007 to January 2011. After subsequent rescreening, children with AABR test referred were perform hearing test set including high frequency (1000 Hz) tympanometry, ABR, DPOAE and/or Cochlear Microphonics (CMs) in 3 months old. Only infants demonstrated severely abnormal ABRs along with preserved DPOAEs and/or CMs were scheduled for re-examination in 6-8 months old and Behavior audiometry in 8-12 months old. RESULT: Eighteen infants (14 cases were bilateral and 4 cases were unilateral) considered as suffering from AN in 3 months old. All of them showed ABR thresholds > or = 80 dB nHL or absent at maximum test intensity. Follow-up examination revealed 9 cases (18 ears) with restoration of ABR to normal or a lower ABR thresholds and a resolution of ANSI) in 11 out of 18 infants retested in 6-8 months old. CMs were present in all ears but DPOAE were not present in 4 ears with middle ear pathology in 3 months test. Behavioral hearing of 10 cases ranged from mild (n = 2), moderate(n = 4) to severe and profound loss (n = 4). CONCLUSION ANSD in high risk neonates could show the temporary character. It was too difficult to forecast the prognosis, they would be to follow up to at least 3 years old for newborn ANSD.
Child, Preschool ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss, Central ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

653 ENT examinations were made at two specific periods of the year: spring -summer and summer- autumn. The authors notice heat the morbidity is higher seen are adenorhitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis and sinusitis. The climatic factors have many influences on the morbidity.
Auditory Diseases, Central ; Ear Diseases ; Nose Diseases ; Pharynx

OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in perception and cognition. Attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects central auditory dysfunction in schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to compare MMN changes before and after treatment in schizophrenia patients and to assess their association with treatment response. METHODS: Twenty-three schizophrenia patients underwent an oddball paradigm. MMN was calculated by the difference waveforms of the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by subtracting standard from deviant stimulus. The clinical symptoms were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS). Follow-up evaluation was conducted when the PANSS total score decreased by 30% or more (treatment response group) or before discharge (non-response group). RESULTS: The treatment response group showed significantly larger MMN amplitude improvement and latency reduction than the non-response group after treatment (Fz ; mean amplitude p = 0.035, FCz ; p = 0.041). The auditory hallucination group showed shorter latency than that of the group without hallucinations. Additionally, auditory hallucination was associated with prolonged MMN latency and shortened after treatment in the auditory hallucination response group (Fz ; p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the attenuated MMN amplitude reflects the progression of the disease. The increment of MMN amplitude and shortening of latency after treatment may reflect cognitive functional recovery of central auditory sensory processing.
Auditory Diseases, Central ; Cognition ; Evoked Potentials ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Schizophrenia*

The diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) was previously based on postmortem pathological findings. Recently, however, the various gross anatomical changes of the central nervous system can be defined by the high resolution CT sean, which can make a diagnosis of several degenerative diseases on a clinical basis. This report analyzes 15 cases who showed significant pontocerebellar degeneration on the CT brain scan, including 5 cases of serial studies. All cases were Korean and onset was between 31 to 63 years of age with about 3 time female preponderance. Two patients were in one family suggesting hereditary process. The initial symptoms were ataxic gait, dysarthria, paraparesis, dizziness, and tremors in orders. On examination, the most common clinical maifestations were dysarthria (80%), cerebellar dysfunctions (73.3%) and hyper-reflexia (73.3%). Other findings included parapresis, nystagmus, pathological reflexes and hemiparesis. Characteristically, there were no sensory or mental deficits. The progression of the symptoms tended to parall the CT scans on serial studies. The evoked potential studies including brainstem auditory evoked potential revealed no significant abnormalities exept one case who showed only borderine prolongation of interwave latency between wave 1 and 3. The responses on antiparkinson regimens were fruitless.
Atrophy* ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Dysarthria ; Evoked Potentials ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies ; Paraparesis ; Paresis ; Reflex ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tremor

Hearing Loss, Central ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; pathology

BACKGROUND: Quantification of the loudness of tinnitus is important for evaluating tinnitus treatments and for assessing the validity of compensational claims, as well as for the fact that it is fundamental to many other types of tinnitus research. A common method for measuring the level of tinnitus is loudness matching test, i.e., adjusting the dB level of an external tone to match the loudness of tinnitus. Hence the objective comparision can be made between the tinnitus and the test tone. Traditionally the test measures ipsilateral side of the tinnitus. However due to recruitment, the result yields a misleadingly low sensation level. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of results between ipsilateral and contralateral test tone in loudness balance test. MAERIALS AND METHODS: Applying the loudness matching method, tinnitus levels were measured ipsilaterally and contralaterally for 55 patients with unilateral tinnitus. The subjects were divided into two subgroups according to hearing levels. The one subgroup (n=16) had normal hearing ranges while the other subgroup (n=39) experienced difficulties in hearing. To correct the effects of recruitment when there was sensorineural hearing loss in the ear to which the test sound was applied, the effective loudness level representation was adopted. Estimates of effective loudness levels were obtained using a normogram. RESULTS: The result is as follows: in the hearing-difficulty group, tinnitus levels measured ipsilaterally were correlated with those from the contralateral side. The correlation coefficient was 0.647. In the normal hearing group, tinnitus levels measured ipsilaterally did not correlate with those from the contralateral side. The correlation coefficient was 0.037. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that there is a difference between ipsilateral and contralateral methods in the loudness balance test of unilateral tinnitus due to compound effects of the recruitment, the hearing loss of tinnitus ear, and the neural interaction of central nervous system. It is therefore suggested that ipsilateral test tone is more accurate than contralateral tone for the evaluation of loudness balance.
Central Nervous System ; Ear ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Sensation ; Tinnitus*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current situation of early diagnosis and intervention in 0-9 months old infants with hearing loss and analysis factors that will affect early diagnosis and intervention. METHOD: One hundred and eighty-six infants referred to the West China hospital from February 2014 to September 2014 were included. All 186 children were referred due to the fact that either they failed infant hearing screening or outer ear malformation. Early diagnosis and/or intervention were performed on those 186 children and their records of early diagnosis and intervention were analyzed. RESULT: Among the 186 infants, 167 (89.8%) were diagnosed with an average age at (4.0 ± 1.4) months. Among the 167 infants with final diagnosis, there were 31 (18.6%) infants diagnosed as conductive hearing loss (CHL), and 99 cases (59.3%) diagnosed as sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), among whom, there were 75 (44.9%) bilateral SNHL and 24 (14.4%) unilateral SNHL. There were 2 cases (1.20%) with SNHL on one side and atresia on the other side. 5 (2.99%) of all conductive hearing loss cases with unilateral atresia and 2 cases with auditory neuropathy (AN) were found. 33 infants (19.8%) were found to have normal hearing. 30.7% (23/75) infants diagnosed as bilateral SNHL and 8.3% (2/24) infants diagnosed as unilateral SNHL were fitted with hearing aids. The fitting rate in infants with bilateral SNHL with mild, moderate, severe to profound degrees were 0 (0/23), 24.0% (6/25), 66.7% (6/9), 61.1% (11/18) respectively. The average intervention age was (5.0 ± 2.1) months. CONCLUSION Although the early diagnosis and intervention situation in this study are very close to international standard, there are still infants without final diagnosis and infants with hearing loss without hearing aid fitting. Further studies and efforts to promote early diagnosis and intervention in infants with hearing loss are needed.
China ; Deafness ; Early Diagnosis ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral ; Hearing Loss, Central ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of tinnitus in patients with auditory neuropathy spec- trum disorder (ANSD). METHOD: This study recruited 14 ANSD patients with tinnitus. All the ANSD patients un- derwent detailed history taking, audiological examinations and assessments of tinnitus. This study analyzed the correlation of tinnitus status and hearing loss, and discussed the effects of sex, age, and the course of disease on tinnitus in ANSD patients. RESULT: (1) In the ANSD patients, tinnitus often occurred in 3 years after the onset of hearing loss; (2) Tinnitus was highly prevalent in ANSD patients, and the severity of tinnitus was mostly from mild to moderate; (3) There was no obvious correlation between the subjective grading of tinnitus and hearing loss de- gree, and the impact of curve patterns of hearing loss on the level of tinnitus need much more evidence-based proof; (4) Along with the course extension, the impact of tinnitus on the quality of life was much more obvious; (5) Some risk factors such as noise exposure could be the reasons of aggravating the degree of tinnitus. CONCLUSION Tinnitus in ANSD patients has its unique clinical features. The study of Tinnitus in ANSD patients can provide clinical basis for further research in ANSD.
Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Central ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Tinnitus ; complications ; diagnosis

Central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC) is characterized by a serous elevation of neurosensory retina in the posterior pole of the fundus. Its etiology and pathophysiological basis are still unknown. But it is known to be related to corticosteroid therapy. We experienced a development of CSC in a patient who had taken high dose systemic corticosteroid to treat sudden hearing loss. So we report this case with a review of the literatures.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; Humans ; Retina