Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; diagnosis ; Humans

More school children were referred for learning difficutly (LD), especially after the introduction of LINUS sccreening programme by Ministry of Education Malaysia. To study the clinical diagnosis and non-verbal ability of primary-one school children with LD after paediatric assessment, as well as associated behavioural issues and socio-economincal background. Assessment findings by Paediatricians and Naglieri Non-Verbal Ability Test® (NNAT®) results of all primary-one school children referred in year 2010 with LD were studied retrospectively. Ninety-three children were included (62.4% male), and 72.0% of them failed the LINUS screening programme. The commonest diagnoses were Borderline Intellectual Disability (ID, 37.6%) and Mild ID (19.4%). Other diagnoses included Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD, 11.8%), Specific Learning Disability (SLD, 10.8%), Autistic Spectrum Disorder (n = 5) and Severe Language Disorder (n = 3). Mean NNAT scores were 84.6 ± 11.8 (n = 85), of which 9.4% children scored less than 70 (<2nd percentile), while 63.7% scored between 71 and 90 (3rd-24th percentile). Twenty-three children(27.1%) scored 90 - 110 (25th-75th percentile) and 111-119 (76th-90th percentile). More than two-thirds of the parents never attended school, or only received education up to Form 3. Nearly 80% of mothers were housewife and 78.7% of fathers were labour or semi-skilled workers. A significant numbers of children with ADHD, Borderline ID, Mild ID and Severe Language Disorder / SLD had significant or borderline internalizing and/or externalizing behaviours.Majority of primary-one school children referred for LD do not have intellectual disability. Their clinical diagnosis and non-verbal ability were very variable. A significant number of them have poor socio-economical background and associated behavioural problems. A more realistic education system and targeted program should be offered.
Learning Disorders ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Intellectual Disability ; diagnosis

No abstract available.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Behavior ; Humans ; Prevalence

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the comorbidity of the disorder, using child attention problem checklist to .56 (male : 38, female : 18) patients from. March 992 to February 1993. The results were as follows: Among 56 subjects, ADHD alone were 20 (335.71%) subjects, and with one additional diagnosis were 31 (55.35%) subjects and with two additional diagnosis were 5 (8.93%) subjects. There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers in 7th and 28th day after mentylphenidate administration compared to baseline score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to. 7th day score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05). There was significant improvment on symptoms in the scores rated by parents in 28th day after methylphenidate administration improvement compared with 7th day score. In single administration of methylphenidate in Sunday morning score compared to afternoon score (P<0.05). In the administration of significant improvement on symptoms compared with the Sunday morning rating score of parents (P<0.05) and the 28th day comparison was also showed significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers compared with the scores rated by parents on symptoms (P<0.05). Among group comparison, all groups showed significant improvements (P<0.05) except conduct disorder & oppositional defiant group.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Checklist ; Child ; Comorbidity* ; Conduct Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Methylphenidate* ; Parents

OBJECTIVE: We examined whether some temperamental traits would be associated with persistence of attention deficit-hyperacitivty disorder (ADHD) in adulthood independent from bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS: Eighty-one ADHD patients without a comorbid diagnosis of BD were divided into two groups, those with childhood ADHD (n=46), and those with Adulthood ADHD (n=35). The severity of childhood and adulthood ADHD were assessed by using the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-25) and Turgay’s Adult ADD/ADHD Diagnosis and Evaluation Scale (DES). Subjects’ temperamental characteristics were examined using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). RESULTS: The mean scores of WURS-25 were higher in adult ADHD group than in childhood ADHD group (p < 0.001). Adult ADHD group had significantly higher scores on cyclothymic (p=0.002), irritable (p < 0.0001), and anxious (p=0.042) subscales of TEMPS-A. The scores of WURS-25 in adulthood ADHD group were positively correlated with cyclothymia scores (r=0.366, p=0.033). Total scores of Turgay’s Adult ADD/ADHD DES were positively correlated with cyclothymic (r=0.354, p=0.040), hyperthymic (r=0.380, p=0.026), and irritable (r=0.380, p=0.026) subscale scores. Cychlothymic and irritable temperaments were significantly associated with the severity of adulthood symptoms of ADHD. CONCLUSION: We might suggest that cyclothymic and irritable temperaments would predict the diagnosis of adulthood ADHD independent from BD.
Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Temperament* ; Utah

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Child ; China ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Time Factors

Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; classification ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVES: Children with post-injury attention deficit disorder (ADD) exhibit deficiencies in academic functioning, social skills, and self-control, that are comparable to developmental attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The similarities and differences of the two conditions have to be studied because some children with traumatic brain injury have shown premorbid ADD and seem to be less responsive to psychostimulants. METHODS: Characteristics of cognition and attention of post-injury ADD (n=12) and developmental ADHD (n=12) boys were investigated by administering KEDI-WISC and Visual and Auditory TOVA. RESULTS: No differences in KEDI-WISC subtests were found between two diagnostic groups. Post-injury ADD boys show lower commission error (lower impulsivity) in visual and auditory TOVA, and lower variability of reaction time (higher information-processing consistency) in auditory TOVA than developmental ADHD boys (p<0.05, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Post-injury ADD and developmental ADHD are different in their attention components suggestively, which warrants further study for differential diagnosis and proper treatment.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Brain Injuries ; Child* ; Cognition ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Reaction Time

OBJECTS: Event related potential(ERF) has been recently applied to examine the neurophysiological disturbance in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), particularly with regard to N100 and P300 which are known as one of ERP components closely linked with cognitive function. On the basis of these aspects, this study was designed to evaluate electrophysiologic characteristics and its availability for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD children by comparison of ERP between normal controls and ADHD children before and after methylphenidate (MFD) administration. METHODS: We examined the topographic auditory ERF and T.O.V.A.(Test of variables of attention), a standardized computerized visual continuous performance test following administration of stimulant drug, MPD 10mg in 13 ADHD children and compared these results with those of 11 normal controls. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Thought the difference was not spastically significant(P=0.0548), N100 latencies seemed to be longer in ADHD children than in normal controls. N100 amplitudes also seemed to be larger in ADHD children than in normal controls(P=0.0629). 2) The F300 latencies significantly shortened after MFD administration when compared with those before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 3) ADHD group performed significantly less well than normal controls in T.O.V.A.(P<0.05). And T.O.V.A. scores significantly improved after MFD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 4) The N100 and P300 latencies and the T.O.V.A. scores were significantly correlated before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.05). 5) The F300 latencies before MFD administration were significantly correlated with the amplitudes of changes of T.O.V.A. scores after MFD administration(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It seems that prolonged N100 latency of ADHD children can be regarded as a relatively enduring trait marker and that F300 latency may reflect attentional response ability along with therapeutic effect by stimulant.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials* ; Humans ; Methylphenidate* ; Muscle Spasticity