Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of partially covered self-expandable metallic stents (PCSEMS) in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemo (radio) therapy (NAC) for pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods: This was a prospective multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PCSEMS in patients receiving NAC for resectable and borderline resectable PC. The primary endpoint was the rate of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO). Results: Twenty-six patients with PC (three with resectable PC and 23 with borderline resectable PC) who underwent NAC at seven Japanese centers were included in the analysis. Both the technical and functional success rates of PCSEMS placement were 100%. Early stent-related complications were observed in three patients (11.5%): mild pancreatitis (n=2) and mild liver abscess (n=1). The median time to surgery or palliation was 4.0 months. Surgical resection was eventually performed in 73.1% of patients, and stent removal during surgery was successful in all patients. RBO was observed in nine patients (34.6%): seven with stent occlusion, one with kinking and one with migration. The RBO rates in resected cases and nonresected cases were 36.8% and 28.6%, respectively. Conclusions Biliary drainage by PCSEMS was safe and feasible in patients undergoing NAC for resectable and borderline resectable PC.

Background/Aims: The use of endoscopic intervention (EI) for acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) remains controversial because the severity of biliary obstruction/cholangitis/pancreatitis is not reflected in the indications for early EI (EEI). Methods: A total of 148 patients with ABP were included to investigate 1) the differences in the rate of worsening cholangitis/pancreatitis between the EEI group and the early conservative management (ECM) group, especially for each severity of cholangitis/pancreatitis, and 2) the diagnostic ability of imaging studies, including endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), to detect common bile duct stones (CBDSs) in the ECM group. Results: No differences were observed in the rate of worsening cholangitis between the EEI and ECM groups, regardless of the severity of cholangitis and/or the existence of impacted CBDSs. Among patients without impacted CBDSs and moderate/severe cholangitis, worsening pancreatitis was significantly more frequent in the EEI group (18% vs. 4%, p=0.048). In patients in the ECM group, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting CBDSs were 73% and 98%, respectively, for EUS, whereas the values were 13% and 92%, respectively, for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Conclusions EEI should be avoided in the absence of moderate/severe cholangitis and/or impacted CBDSs because of the high rate of worsening pancreatitis. EUS can contribute to the accurate detection of residual CBDSs, for the determination of the need for elective EI.

Objective: The combination of cancer and hypercoagulable states is often called Trousseau syndrome. In particular, cerebral infarction caused by Trousseau syndrome is reported to have a poor prognosis. In gynecology, there are many reports of ovarian cancer and a few of uterine cancer. Since there has been no comprehensive report of Trousseau syndrome in cervical cancer, we aimed to summarize Trousseau syndrome in cervical cancer. Methods: Cerebral infarction caused by cancer-related arterial thrombosis was defined as Trousseau syndrome. Patients with cervical cancer diagnosed at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed using the hospital’s medical records. Results: A total of 1,432 patients were included in the study. Trousseau syndrome occurred in 6 patients (0.4%). The mean age of patients with Trousseau syndrome was 63 years (range:53–78 years). Of the 6 patients who developed Trousseau’s syndrome, 4 patients had it before or during initial treatment, and 2 during recurrent/relapsed disease treatment. The 4 patients who developed the syndrome before or during initial treatment had advanced disease: 1 in stage IIIC and 3 in stage IVB. In all cases, the disease was associated with progressive distant metastasis. The median survival time from the onset of Trousseau syndrome was 1 month (range: 0–6 months). Conclusion Cervical cancer causes Trousseau syndrome in cases of advanced disease with a short time between the onset of the syndrome and mortality.

Objective: The combination of cancer and hypercoagulable states is often called Trousseau syndrome. In particular, cerebral infarction caused by Trousseau syndrome is reported to have a poor prognosis. In gynecology, there are many reports of ovarian cancer and a few of uterine cancer. Since there has been no comprehensive report of Trousseau syndrome in cervical cancer, we aimed to summarize Trousseau syndrome in cervical cancer. Methods: Cerebral infarction caused by cancer-related arterial thrombosis was defined as Trousseau syndrome. Patients with cervical cancer diagnosed at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed using the hospital’s medical records. Results: A total of 1,432 patients were included in the study. Trousseau syndrome occurred in 6 patients (0.4%). The mean age of patients with Trousseau syndrome was 63 years (range:53–78 years). Of the 6 patients who developed Trousseau’s syndrome, 4 patients had it before or during initial treatment, and 2 during recurrent/relapsed disease treatment. The 4 patients who developed the syndrome before or during initial treatment had advanced disease: 1 in stage IIIC and 3 in stage IVB. In all cases, the disease was associated with progressive distant metastasis. The median survival time from the onset of Trousseau syndrome was 1 month (range: 0–6 months). Conclusion Cervical cancer causes Trousseau syndrome in cases of advanced disease with a short time between the onset of the syndrome and mortality.

Objective: The combination of cancer and hypercoagulable states is often called Trousseau syndrome. In particular, cerebral infarction caused by Trousseau syndrome is reported to have a poor prognosis. In gynecology, there are many reports of ovarian cancer and a few of uterine cancer. Since there has been no comprehensive report of Trousseau syndrome in cervical cancer, we aimed to summarize Trousseau syndrome in cervical cancer. Methods: Cerebral infarction caused by cancer-related arterial thrombosis was defined as Trousseau syndrome. Patients with cervical cancer diagnosed at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed using the hospital’s medical records. Results: A total of 1,432 patients were included in the study. Trousseau syndrome occurred in 6 patients (0.4%). The mean age of patients with Trousseau syndrome was 63 years (range:53–78 years). Of the 6 patients who developed Trousseau’s syndrome, 4 patients had it before or during initial treatment, and 2 during recurrent/relapsed disease treatment. The 4 patients who developed the syndrome before or during initial treatment had advanced disease: 1 in stage IIIC and 3 in stage IVB. In all cases, the disease was associated with progressive distant metastasis. The median survival time from the onset of Trousseau syndrome was 1 month (range: 0–6 months). Conclusion Cervical cancer causes Trousseau syndrome in cases of advanced disease with a short time between the onset of the syndrome and mortality.

It is to be noted that in rural districts where they live and work in fresh and clean air the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases is as high as in the districts of air-pollution. Besides, there are a variety of respiratory diseases particularly incidental to life-environment and farm work. To be more informed of their actual conditions, the Japanese Association of Rural Medicine organized a special study group and has carried out various studies for four consecutive years with grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The major results obtained are as follows
(1) There were a variety of farm operations which produced or increased respiratory symptoms, including thrashing and scattering of agricultural chemicals;
(2) It became clear that there existed in an advanced age group certain cases of “agricultural pneumoconiosis” which could be regarded as the terminal of the so-called “thrash-bronchitis”
(3) Among the cultivators of rush, raw material for Tatami, There existed cases of pneumoconiosis;
(4) There were a variety of agents to produce bronchial asthma, such as rice straw, chaff, tea-leaves and chrysanthemum-leaves;
(5) In Japan only two cases of farmer's lung were reported prior to this study. One more case was added to the list by this study group. Besides, cases positive to fungous agents were found among farmers in considerably high percentage.

Background/Aims: The objective of this research is to examine factors related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) prevalence in a large population-based study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with participants in the Miyagi part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project CommunityBased cohort study who completed the Rome II Modular Questionnaire. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of IBS and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the reference group were calculated for each factor. Additionally, a stratified analysis was performed by sex and age group (20-49 years, 50-64 years, and ≥ 65 years). Results: Among 16 252 participants, 3025 (18.6%) had IBS, comprising 750 men (15.5%) and 2275 women (19.9%). Multivariate ORs for the presence of IBS decreased significantly with each year of age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99). Moreover, compared with the reference group, ORs for the presence of IBS were significantly higher in individuals whose home was partially damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake, those with < 16 years of education, those who spent less time walking, those with high perceived stress (1.77, 1.57-2.01), those with high psychological distress (1.58, 1.36-1.82), and those with high symptoms of depression (1.76, 1.60-1.94). In stratified analyses, a significant relationship was found between psychological factors and IBS prevalence in all sex and age groups. Conclusions This large cross-sectional population-based cohort study identified several factors associated with IBS prevalence. Psychological factors were significantly associated with IBS prevalence across all age groups and sexes.