Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; Humans

Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; drug therapy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; drug therapy ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects* ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Stroke ; Vascular Calcification/drug therapy* ; Warfarin

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the oral anticoagulant (OAC) usage among new-onset acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in China, and to explore the possible influencing factors of influent anticoagulant therapy in these patients. Methods: The NVAF patients who experienced new-onset and non-fatal AIS from August 2011 to December 2018 in the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF), were enrolled. The follow-up ended in December 2019. Information including patients' demographic characteristics, medical history, medication usage, which were collected before and after the index stroke, were analyzed. Patients were classified into OAC group or non-OAC group according to OAC usage within 3 months post stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of factors which might be associated with OAC usage within 3 months post stroke. Results: A total of 957 new-onset AIS patients were enrolled, 39.4% (377/957) patients were treated with OAC within 3 months after AIS. Covering by high-reimbursement-rate insurance (OR: 1.91, 95%CI: 1.28-2.86, P=0.002), higher number of concomitant drugs (1-2 types OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.36-3.23, P=0.001; ≥3 types OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.37-3.91, P=0.002) and 3-month-peri-stroke AF recurrence (OR: 3.34, 95%CI: 2.34-4.76, P<0.001) were associated with OAC usage within 3 months post stroke, while higher HASBLED score (OR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.40-0.60, P<0.001) and pre-stroke antiplatelet usage (OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.20-0.43, P<0.001) were related to no OAC usage within 3 months post stroke. Conclusions: In China, the proportion of NVAF patients who initiated OAC therapy within 3 months after new-onset AIS is as low as about 39.4%. Factors related to the OAC usage within 3 months post stroke are 3-month-peri-stroke AF recurrence, number of concomitant drugs and patients with high-reimbursement-rate insurance coverage, but higher HASBLED score and pre-stroke antiplatelet usage are related to no OAC usage within 3 months post stroke.
Anticoagulants ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Ischemic Stroke ; Registries ; Stroke/drug therapy*

This study aims to explore the active components and molecular mechanism of Shenmai Injection in the treatment of atrial fibrillation(AF) based on the application of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The chemical components of single herbs of Shenmai Injection were collected from TCMSP and TCMID, with the standard chemical name and PubChem CID(referred to as CID) obtained from PubChem database. The active components were screened using SwissADME, and their targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. Targets related to AF treatment were identified using GeneCards, OMIM, and other databases. Venn diagram was constructed using Venny 2.1 to obtain the intersection targets. The single herb-active component-potential target network was constructed using Cytoscape, and the clusterProfiler R function package was used to perform the gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of intersection targets was generated based on the STRING database. The hub target protein was identified by visualization using Cytoscape, and then docked to its reverse-selected active components. The analysis showed that there were 65 active components with 681 corresponding targets in Shenmai Injection, 2 798 targets related to AF treatment, and 235 intersection targets involving 2 549 GO functions and 153 KEGG pathways. Finally, hub target proteins, including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha(PIK3 CA), and estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), were screened out by PPI network visualization. The molecular docking was performed for 39 active components screened out in reverse, among which 30 active components de-monstrated high affinity. Among them, homoisoflavanoids CID 10871974, CID 5319742, and CID 10361149 had stronger affinity docking with AKT1. This study preliminarily indicates that Shenmai Injection treats AF through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. Homoisoflavonoids of Ophiopogon japonicus are its important active components, which target AKT1 to regulate metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis in AF treatment.
Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy* ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors related to therapeutic outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) of different severity.

METHODSClinical data of patients with AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between June 2009 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. According to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), patients were categorized as mild stroke (≤8, n=134), moderate stroke (9-15, n=121) and severe stroke(≥16, n=110). The good outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2. The factors related to functional outcomes and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) were analyzed and compared among 3 groups.

RESULTSAmong 365 enrolled patients, good outcomes in 3 groups were 78.4% (105/134), 47.9% (58/121) and 24.5%(27/110), respectively. In patients with mild stroke, age (OR=0.937, 95%CI: 0.898-0.978; P=0.003), baseline NIHSS (OR=0.732, 95%CI:0.564-0.950; P=0.019), onset to needle time (ONT) within 270 min (OR=4.109, 95%CI:1.441-11.719; P=0.008) independently predicted good outcome, while baseline glucose (OR=1.326, 95%CI:1.009-1.743; P=0.043) was independently associated with parenchymal hematoma (PH). In patients with moderate stroke, age (OR=0.954, 95%CI: 0.924-0.984; P=0.003) and baseline NIHSS (OR=0.760, 95%CI: 0.619-0.933; P=0.009) independently predicted good outcome, while atrial fibrillation (OR=3.307, 95%CI: 1.140~9.596; P=0.028) and systolic pressure (OR=0.967, 95%CI: 0.943~0.991; P=0.008) was independently associated with hemorrhagic infaction. Atrial fibrillation (OR=36.972, 95%CI: 1.770-772.462; P=0.02) was independently associated with PH. In patients with severe stroke, baseline NIHSS (OR=0.808, 95%CI:0.677-0.963; P=0.018) independently predicted good outcome, while no independent risk factors of HT was found.

CONCLUSIONFor different severity of AIS patients, the related factors of functional outcome and HT after thrombolysis were different.

The most frequent perioperative cardiovascular event is cardiac dysrhythmia, defined as an abnormality of cardiac rate, rhythm or conduction. Although the occurrence of arrhythmia during the perioperative period is not uncommon, a case of newly developed perioperative atrial flutter which spontaneously converts to atrial fibrillation is rare. We report a case of atrial flutter that developed immediately after induction of general anesthesia, in a 70-year-old male patient who previously had a normal sinus rhythm. Atrial flutter changed spontaneously to atrial fibrillation after discharge to the recovery room. Dysrhythmia was unresponsive to drug therapy, and the atrial fibrillation disappeared after electric cardioversion.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Atrial Flutter* ; Drug Therapy ; Electric Countershock ; Humans ; Male ; Perioperative Period ; Recovery Room

The efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been improved in recent years. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for maintaining sinus rhythm is superior to the current antiarrhythmic drug therapy in selected patients. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of various catheter ablation strategies. It is well recognized that pulmonary vein (PV) antrum contributes to the AF initiation and/or perpetuation. Since PV stenosis is a complication of ablation within a PV, the ablation site for PVI has shifted to the junction between the left atrium and the PV rather than the ostium of the PV. However, PV reconnection after ablation is the major cause of recurrence of AF. The recovery of PV conduction could be caused by anatomical variations such as the failure to produce complete transmural lesion or gaps at the ablation line due to the transient electrophysiologic effects from the RF ablation. In this review, we discussed several factors to be considered for the achievement of the best PVI, including clinical aspects and technical aspects.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Catheter Ablation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drug Therapy ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Pulmonary Veins* ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVETo investigate the statement on randomized controlled trials on Wenxin granule for treatment of atrial fibrillation and to judge whether those trials could offer high quality evidence or not, thus improve design level and quality.

METHODRCTs were searched from home and abroad about atrial fibrillation treated with Wenxin granule, which reported before October, 2010. Jadad scale and CONSORT statement were used.

RESULTThere were 66 RCTs retrieved that met inclusion criteria. Using Jadad rating scale, only 2 literatures gain score 4 and 1 literature gains score 3, 54 literatures gain score 2, 7 literatures gain score 1, 2 literatures gain score 0. Only 2 literatures described random number table as the method of grouping. None of the RCTs was reported the allocation concealment. Only 1 literature was used blinding. Fifty-nine literatures were mentioned the lost to follow-up conditions. According to the CONSORT standards, only six literatures (9.1%) mentioned the method of generating the random sequence. Four literatures (6.1%) were quasi-random. Nineteen literatures (28.8%) had inclusion criteria. Six literatures (9.1%) had the follow-up record. Fifty one literatures (77.3%) described the adverse events. None had the estimation of the sample size, intention-to-treat analysis and stratified analysis. None had the ethical approval or informed consent.

CONCLUSIONThe quality of clinical trials of Wenxin granule in treating atrial fibrillation needs to be improved.

Oral anticoagulants play an important role in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases.Warfarin,a traditional oral anticoagulant,is limited in clinical use due to its limitations such as narrow therapeutic window and requirements on frequent monitoring and dose adjustment.Direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)such as dabigatran,rivaroxaban,apixaban,and edoxaban are increasingly used to prevent and treat venous thrombosis or thrombus formation.However,recent studies have documented inter-individual variability in plasma drug levels of DOACs.This article summarizes the recent advances in the pharmacogenomics of DOACs.
Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; Dabigatran ; Pharmacogenetics ; Rivaroxaban