OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Atractylodes macrocephala.

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectrum analysis.

RESULTFourteen compounds were isolated and identified as atractylenolide I-III (1-3), 2-[(2E) -3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione(4), 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (5), scopoletin (6), 4-methoxycinnamic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), ferulic acid (9) protocatechuic acid (10), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (11), dictamnoside A (12), syringin (13), D-mannitol (14).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were isolated from the aerial part of A. macrocephala for the first time and compounds 4, 5, 7-12, 14 were isolated from this species for the first time.

Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis

Through study on the correlation between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we research regionalization from climatic of five main producing provinces of the country, in order to provide a scientific basis for atractylodis' conscious cultivation. By sampling from 40 origins which from five main producing provinces of the country, we use SPSS to analysis variation of atractylodis lactones ingredient content in different conditions of climatic factors and the effect of each factors. Then according to the relationship between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we use ArcGIS to conduct ecological suitability regionalization based on climatic factors. The most suitable climatic condition for cultivation of atractylodis: the wettest month precipitation 220-230 mm, the warmest average temperature 25 degrees C, the average temperature of driest season 10 degrees C.
Atractylodes ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Climate ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Seasons ; Temperature

In this study， quantitative analysis of multi-components with single marker(QAMS) was established and validated to simultaneously determine four sesquiterpenoids(β-eudesmol， atractylon， atractylolideⅠ， atractylolide Ⅱ) in Atractylodis Rhizome based on the gas chromatographic method(GC). Using β-eudesmol as the contrast， the relative correctionfactors(RCF) of the other three sesquiterpenoids were determined by GC. Within the line arranges，the values of RCF of β-eudesmol to atractylon， atractylolideⅠand atractylolide Ⅱ were 0.823， 0.690 and 0.766， respectively. The RCF had a good reproducibility in various instruments， chromatographic columns. According to their RCF， we simultaneously determined four sesquiterpenoids in Atractylodis Rhizome only using one marker. The results of QAMS method were validated by comparing with that of internal standard method， and no obvious significant difference was found.
Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gas ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Feasibility Studies ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhizome ; chemistry

We described chemical composition in Cangzhu in recent years, volatile oil is the important chemical composition, The beta-eudesmol, hinesol are active ingredient in volatile oil and there are 38 kind of glycosides. At the same time, we overview the applying of RAPD technology in atractylodes lancea. The results is that there are correlation in chemical composition, genetic differentiation and geographical distribution, there is some truth in bounded by a territorial division of the north-south Cangzhu, and genetic differentiation has been happened in atractylodes lancea to adapting the environment. We described advances of pharmacological in dampness spleen, cardiovascular system, genitourinary system, nervous system, and the results show that there are pharmacological activity in digestive system, cardiovascular system, genitourinary system of atractylodes lancea.
Animals ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; genetics ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Biology

Through study on the correlation between Atractylodis macrocephala lactones ingredient content and topographic factors, we researched regionalization from topography of five main producing provinces of the country, in order to provide a scientific basis for A. macrocephala reasonable cultivation. By sampling from 40 origins of five main producing provinces of the country, the variation of A. macrocephala lactones ingredient content in different conditions of topographic factors and the effect of altitude, slope and aspect was analyzed by SPSS. Then according to the relationship between A. macrocephala lactones ingredient content and topographic factors, the ecological suitability regionalization was conducted by using ArcGIS based on topographic factors. It is suitable for growth of A. macrocephala in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern whose A. macrocephala lactones ingredient content is in high levels. It is unsuitable for growth of A. macrocephala in Northern plain areas, but we can cultivate A. macrocephala in the hilly and mountainous areas of Northern. The most suitable topographic condition for cultivation of A. macrocephala : altitude 200 meters above, slope 3.00-4.99 degrees.
Altitude ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ecosystem

OBJECTIVETo establish an RP-HPLC method for determination of atractylodinol in Ateractylodes lancea and compare the contents of atractylodinol in the herbs of different origins.

METHODThe samples were separated on an Agilent TC-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (49:51). Flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wave length was set at 337 nm. Column temperature was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe linear range of atractylodinol was 9.12 x 10(-2) -9.12 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9), the average recovery was 97.15%, RSD was 1.5% (n = 5). The contents of atractylodinol were in the range of 0.268-1.213 mg x g(-1) in the samples from different orgins. The contents of atractylodinol in samples growing in Dabieshan mountain were higher than those in Jiangsu province (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe established method for determination of atractylodinol is accurate and reliable, which can be used to evaluate the quality of A. lancea, the contents of atractylodinol in the sample was related with its morphological characteristic and geographic orgin.

Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; Linear Models ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

To establish a fingerprint spectrum for Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with wheat bran based on UFLC/Q-TOF-MS, and make a principal component analysis (PCA) with Markview software, in order to compare the changes of components between raw and processed Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with raw wheat bran as the blank. The results showed that the changed in components raw Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with wheat bran were apparently observed by PCA. Six compounds were identified to have significant changes in mass fraction before and after being stir-fried, namely atractylenolide-I, atractylenolide-II, atractylenolide-III, atractylentrid, atractylon and an unknown compound. Among them, atractylenolide-I and atractylenolide-II generated from dehydration and dehydrogenation of atractylenolide-III may be the material base of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with wheat bran for strengthening spleen.
Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Dietary Fiber ; Lactones ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis

This study established the fingerprint and combined it with chemical pattern recognition to evaluate the quality of Atractylodes chinensis samples from different producing areas and then employed the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method to verify the feasibility and applicability of the established method in the quality evaluation of A. chinensis. The fingerprints of A. chinensis samples were constructed via high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) to evaluate the inter-batch consistency. With the quality control component atractylodin as the internal reference, the relative correction factors(RCFs) were established for atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and β-eudesmol and the content of the four components was calculated. The external standard method was used to verify the accuracy of QAMS method. The quality of A. chinensis was further evaluated by similarity analysis, clustering analysis, and principal component analysis. The fingerprints of 13 batches of samples were calibrated with 21 common peaks, and 4 common peaks were identified with the similarities all above 0.9. The RCFs established with atractylodin as the internal reference represented good reproducibility under different experimental conditions. Specifically, the RCFs of atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and β-eudesmol in A. chinensis were 2.091, 4.253, and 6.010, respectively. QAMS and ESM showed no significant difference in the results, indicating that the QAMS method established in this study was stable and reliable. Thus, HPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS can be used for the quality evaluation of A. chinensis, providing a basis for comprehensive and rapid quality evaluation of A. chinensis.
Atractylodes ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo establish chemical pattern recognition method for the identification and evaluation of Atractylodes macrocephala.

METHODThe chemical constituents in methanol extract of 32 samples of A. macrocephala were determined by HPLC. The fingerprints were obtained and were handled by hierarchical clustering analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONAccording to the result of classification, all samples collected were devided into three Grades--the superior, the ordinary and the fake. Chemical pattern recognition method was established. It may be of practical value for the quality control of A. macrocephala.

Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of beta-eudesmol in rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, and to provide valuble data for quality control of A. lancea.

METHODThe samples were separated on an Inertsil ODS-3 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (68:32). Flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 200 nm. Column temperature was 25 degrees C.

RESULTThe contents of beta-eudesmol determinated was 0.833-4.466 mg x g(-1), The linear range of beta-eudesmol was 0.048-1.200 microg (r = 0.999 9), the average recovery was 99.3%, RSD was 1.4% (n = 9).

CONCLUSIONThe method for quantitation of beta-eudesmol in A. lancea was accurate and reliable, which can be used to evaluate the quality of rhizome of A. lancea.

Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane ; analysis ; standards