Atorvastatin Calcium ; Eosinophilia ; chemically induced ; Heptanoic Acids ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrroles ; adverse effects

Statins are a kind of prescription drug that is widely used to treat hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and other atherosclerotic diseases. A common side effect of statin use is a mild rise in liver aminotransferases, which occurs in less than 3% of patients. Statin-related liver injury is most commonly caused by atorvastatin and simvastatin, but severe liver injury is uncommon. Therefore, understanding and evaluating hepatotoxicity and weighing the benefits and risks is of great significance to better realize the protective effect of statins.
Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Atorvastatin/adverse effects* ; Simvastatin/adverse effects* ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy* ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and xuezhikang capsule in elderly.

METHODSA total of 314 60-to-94-year-old (average (73.6 ± 7.9) years old) patients who were given different doses and types of statins were divided into three groups: the atorvastatin group (108 patients), the rosuvastatin group (104 patients) and the xuezhikang capsule group (102 patients). The serum TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C,ALT and CK were examined before and after the treatment which lasted for at least 4 weeks. All patients were divided into moderate risk group (13, 12 and 21 patients respectively in 3 groups); high risk group (40, 44 and 48 patients respectively in 3 groups) and very high risk group (55, 48 and 33 patients respectively in 3 groups ) according to guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in chinese adults (2007 version). The rate of reaching target goal and the dose when reaching target levels in different risk stratification groups were calculated and compared.

RESULTSSerum TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were significantly reduced after the 4-week-treatment in all the three groups (P < 0.01). Serum LDL-C level before and after treatment were (3.14 ± 0.78)mmol/L vs. (2.14 ± 0.65)mmol/L in atorvastatin group (the arevage dose was (16.4 ± 4.8)mg/d), (2.92 ± 0.77)mmol/L vs. (1.96 ± 0.55)mmol/L in rosuvastatin group (the arevage dose was (8.7 ± 3.0) mg/d), and (2.70 ± 0.62)mmol/L vs. (2.16 ± 0.61) mmol/L in xuezhikang capsule group (the arevage dose was (0.9 ± 0.3) g/d ). Among all the three groups of patients, the cases of reaching target levels of LDL-C were 13, 11 and 20 in patients at moderate risk, were 38(95.0%), 38(86.4%) and 40 (83.3%) in patients at high risk, and were 22(40.0%), 30(62.5%) and 17(51.5%) in patients at very high risk. There were no statistical differences in the rate of reaching target levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TC in the three groups and at different risks (P > 0.05). One patient in the atorvastatin group showed ALT level elevation >3 times of the upper limit of normal value, there was no patient with CK level elevation >5 times of the upper limit of normal value.

CONCLUSIONAtorvastatin, rosuvastatin and xuezhikang capsule at low dose and/or standard dose are effective and safety in elderly patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dyslipidemias ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fluorobenzenes ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Heptanoic Acids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrimidines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Pyrroles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Sulfonamides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin in preventing contrast agent-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary angiography and explore the mechanism.

METHODSA total of 180 patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were randomized into regular dose and high dose atorvastatin groups (n=90). Serum creatinine (Scr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), cystatin, peripheral blood levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) before and after the procedure were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe incidence of CIN was significantly lower in high-dose atorvastatin group than in the regular dose group. At 48-72 h after the surgery, serum Scr and cystatin levels were significantly lower and eGFR was significantly higher in the high-dose group. At 24 h after the surgery, MPO and MDA levels were significantly lower, and SOD activity was significantly higher in high-dose group than in the regular dose group.

CONCLUSIONHigh-dose atorvastatin used before angiography is more effective than the regular dose in attenuating contrast agent-induced renal dysfunction, and its mechanism is related with the inhibition of oxidative stress.

Aged ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Coronary Angiography ; adverse effects ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Pyrroles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVESThis study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin on treating Chinese patients with hypercholesterolemia.

METHODSThis randomized double-blind multi-center study enrolled the patients with LDL-C > or = 160 mg/dL but < 250 mg/dL and TG < 400 mg/dL after six-week dietary run-in. Patients were randomized to receive either rosuvastatin 10 mg/d (R) or atorvastatin (A) 10 mg/d in 2:1 ratio for 12 weeks. Patients with LDL-C levels not reaching goal defined by ATP III guideline in R group were titrated to 20 mg for additional 8 weeks.

RESULTSAltogether, 304 patients were included in the study, 201 patients in R group and 103 in A group. The ITT population is 290 and PP is 263. The LDL-C level decreased after 12 weeks in R group than that in A group, (45.6% vs 39.0%, P < 0.001). The rate reaching the target level defined by ATP III in R group tended to be higher than that in A group (78.0% vs 72.7%), especially in patients with high risk (56.5% vs 35%), however the difference did not reach statistical significance. The magnitudes of TG reduction (-22.8%), HDL-C (+6.6%) and ApoA-1 increase (+12.5%) in R group had no significant difference compared to those in A group (-16.6%, +4.3% and +9.8%, respectively). 29 patients were titrated to receive 20 mg of rosuvastatin. 10 of 22 patients reached the LDL-C target. There were no drug related SAE found during the study.

CONCLUSIONSThe efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing LDL-C is more effective than atorvastatin in the same dose, however, the safety data is similar between them in the period of 3-month follow-up.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fluorobenzenes ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; drug therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrimidines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Sulfonamides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on reflow in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and its relation to serum uric acid levels.One hundred and fourteen STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups:55 cases received oral atorvastatin 20 mg before PCI (routine dose group) and 59 cases received oral atorvastatin 80 mg before PCI (high dose group). According to the initial serum uric acid level, patients in two groups were further divided into normal uric acid subgroup and hyperuricemia subgroup. The changes of uric acid level and coronary artery blood flow after PCI were observed. Correlations between the decrease of uric acid, the dose of atorvastatin and the blood flow of coronary artery after PCI were analyzed.Serum uric acid levels were decreased after treatment in both groups (all<0.05), and patients with hyperuricemia showed more significant decrease in serum uric acid level (<0.05). Compared with the routine dose group, serum uric acid level in patients with hyperuricemia decreased more significantly in the high dose group (<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between patients with normal serum uric acid levels in two groups (>0.05). Among 114 patients, there were 19 cases without reflow after PCI (16.7%). In the routine dose group, there were 12 patients without reflow, in which 3 had normal uric acid and 9 had high uric acid levels (<0.01). In the high dose group, there were 7 patients without reflow, in which 2 had normal uric acid and 5 had high uric acid (<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that hyperuricemia was one of independent risk factors for no-reflow after PCI (=1.01, 95%:1.01-1.11,<0.01). The incidence of no-flow after PCI in the routine dose group was 21.8% (12/55), and that in the high dose group was 11.9% (7/59) (<0.01).High dose atorvastatin can decrease serum uric acid levels and improve reflow after PCI in patients with STEMI.
Acute Disease ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; methods ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; adverse effects ; Pyrroles ; Risk Factors ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ; surgery ; Uric Acid ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention.

METHODSAll patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n = 100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 mg at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n = 50). Scr, Ccr, blood beta(2)-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups.

RESULTSBaseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Ccr was significantly reduced while blood beta(2)-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P < 0.05). Blood beta(2)-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35 +/- 0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67 +/- 0.64) mg/L, P = 0.008], day 3 [(2.49 +/- 0.55) mg/L vs. (2.80 +/- 0.64) mg/L, P = 0.011] and day 5 [(2.29 +/- 0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56 +/- 0.66) mg/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively;urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19 +/- 0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46 +/- 0.34) U/mmol, P < 0.001], day 3 [(1.30 +/- 0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59 +/- 0.33) U/mmol, P < 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10 +/- 0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34 +/- 0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Ccr in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69 +/- 20.99) ml/min vs. (65.19 +/- 18.72) ml/min, P = 0.035], day 3 [(64.04 +/- 15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79 +/- 14.50) ml/min, P = 0.019]post-procedure respectively.

CONCLUSIONHigh dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.

Aged ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrroles ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of atorvastatin on contrast induced renal function change and plasma hsCRP in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

METHODS120 patients who underwent coronary angiography were randomized to receive atorvastatin (20 mg/qn, n = 60) or no atorvastatin (n = 60) treatment 2 to 3 days before coronary angiography. Urinary alpha1-MG, TRF and mALB were checked for evidence of tubular or glomerular damage at start, 1 day and 2 days after the administration of a radiocontrast agent. Serum creatinine, BUN, cystatin C and hsCRP levels were also assessed at the same time. Ccr and GFR were calculated according to Cockcroft-Gault and GFR (ml/min) = 74.835/Cys C(1.333) formulas basing on serum creatinine or cystatin C concentration.

RESULTS(1) In control group, comparison with the value before coronary angiography, urinary alpha1-MG, TRF and mALB or serum cystatin C and hsCRP significantly increased at day 1 after angiography (P < 0.01). In comparison to the levels at day 1 after angiography, urinary alpha1-MG, TRF, mALB, serum cystatin C significantly decreased at day 2 after angiography (P < 0.01), but alpha1-MG, cystatin C still exceeded the values before coronary angiography, TRF and mALB levels at day 2 after angiography had no significant change compared to baseline (P > 0.05), hsCRP level at day 2 after angiography had no significant change compared to that at day 1 after angiography (P > 0.05) too. (2) In comparison with the value before coronary angiography in atorvastatin-treated group, the levels of urinary alpha1-MG, TRF and mALB or serum cystatin C at day 1 and day 2 after angiography had no significant change compared to baseline (P > 0.05).Serum hsCRP significantly increased at day 1 after angiography compared to baseline (P < 0.01), but it had no significant change compared to day 2 after angiography (P > 0.05). (3) To compare to the atorvastatin-treated group, the values of urinary alpha1-MG, TRF and mALB or Cys C and hsCRP significantly increased at day 1 after angiography in control group (P < 0.01), the values of urinary alpha1-MG, cystatin C and hsCRP still significantly increased at day 2 (P < 0.01)too, but those of TRF and mALB had no significantly change at day 1 or day 2 after angiography between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant change in BUN, Cr, Ccr levels before and after angiography between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSLow dose contrast induces light renal function damage. Pretreatment with atorvastatin 20 mg/qn for 2 to 3 days could significantly reduce procedural inflammatory reaction, attenuate urinary protein and the effect of degrading GFR in coronary angiography patients.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Aged ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use

Atorvastatin is one of the most widely prescribed medications for dyslipidemia treatment. In Korea, post combined therapy with ezetimibe, a 73-year-old woman was reported by a community pharmacy to have experienced visual field defect, which recovered after drug discontinuation. She had never experienced this symptom before, and several studies have reported an association between use of statins and visual disorders such as blurred vision, diplopia, and cataract. Blockage of cholesterol accumulation, oxidative stress, or myopathy is expected to be a cause of this symptom. Naranjo scale, Korean causality assessment algorithm (Ver.2), and World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Center (WHO-UMC) criteria were the three tools used to determine causality between the visual disorder and atorvastatin. The results represent ‘probable’, ‘certain’, and ‘probable/likely’ causality, respectively. Our results, in combination with a review of literature, indicate that ocular adverse effects are highly likely related to atorvastatin.
Aged ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cataract ; Cholesterol ; Diplopia ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Dyslipidemias ; Ezetimibe ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Korea ; Muscular Diseases ; Oxidative Stress ; Pharmacies ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Fields

OBJECTIVETo observe the association between preprocedural high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and incidence of contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the impact of atorvastatin pretreatment on CI-AKI.

METHODSAccording to the level of preprocedural hs-CRP, 270 ACS patients were divided into three groups: high hs-CRP group (hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L, n = 176), moderate hs-CRP group (hs-CRP 1-3 mg/L, n = 60) and normal hs-CRP group (hs-CRP < 1 mg/L, n = 34). According to the dosage of preprocedural atorvastatin, the high hs-CRP group was further divided into 10 mg group (n = 49), 20 mg group (n = 66) and 40 mg group (n = 61). Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C), hs-CRP were measured at before and 24 hours, 48 hours after PCI. CCr and GFR were calculated according to Scr and Cys C. Risk factors for CI-AKI were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS(1) Cys C was significantly increased and GFR after PCI significantly reduced in high and moderate hs-CRP groups compared with normal hs-CRP group (P < 0.05). (2) Incidence of CI-AKI was 43.18%, 38.33%, 20.59% in high, moderate and normal hs-CRP groups, respectively (P < 0.05). (3) In high hs-CRP group, postprocedural GFR was significantly higher while postprocedural Cys C and hs-CRP were significantly lower in 40 mg statin subgroup than 10 mg and 20 mg statin subgroups (P < 0.05), similar trends were documented when comparing 20 mg statin subgroup with 10 mg statin subgroup (P < 0.05). (4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pretreatment with high dose atorvastatin was a protective factor for post CI-AKI (20 mg atorvastatin: OR = 0.15, 95%CI 0.06 - 0.33, P = 0.001; 40 mg atorvastatin: OR = 0.10, 95%CI 0.04 - 0.23, P = 0.001), while high levels of preprocedural hs-CRP (OR = 2.06, 95%CI 1.01 - 4.23, P = 0.048), diabetes mellitus (OR = 10.71, 95%CI 5.29 - 21.70, P = 0.001), advanced age (OR = 2.64, 95%CI 1.05 - 6.63, P = 0.038) and renal failure (OR = 5.14, 95%CI 1.13 - 23.39, P = 0.034) were independent risk factors of CI-AKI.

CONCLUSIONHigh hs-CRP level is linked with the development of CI-AKI in ACS patients undergoing PCI and pretreatment with 40 mg atorvastatin is associated with lower incidence CI-AKI, possibly by reducing the postprocedural inflammation responses.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Pyrroles ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use