Actinomycosis is a serious suppurative, bacterial infection caused by the gram-positive anaerobic Actinomyces species. Primary perianal actinomycosis is rare and challenging for the colorectal surgeon. We aimed to present our experience and compare this with available literature. All patients with isolated Actinomyces on microbiology reports, between January 2013 and February 2021, were identified and reviewed. Data collection was retrospective based on electronic patient records. The site of infection and treatment strategy were examined. Perianal cases were evaluated in depth. All publications available in the literature were interrogated. Fifty-nine cases of positive actinomycosis cultures were reviewed. Six cases of colonization were excluded. Actinomyces turicensis was the most common organism isolated. Five cases of perianal actinomycosis were identified requiring prolonged antibiotic and surgical therapy. Twenty-one studies, most case reports, published since 1951 were also reviewed. Diagnosis of perianal actinomycosis may be challenging but should be suspected particularly in recurrent cases. Prolonged bacterial cultures in anaerobic conditions are necessary to identify the bacterium. An extended course of antibiotic therapy (months) is required for eradication in certain cases.

The present study examined the relationship among depression, religious coping activities and quality of life in chronically ill patients suffering from type II diabetes, cancer and coronary heart diseases. Study also investigated whether the chronic illness is the predictor of quality of life, depression and religious coping. It was hypothesized that, there is relationship among quality of life, depression and religious coping in chronically ill patients, there is likely to be negative relationship between quality of life and depression, there is likely to be positive relationship between religious coping and quality of life, Quality of life is likely to predict religious coping activities and depression in patients, there are likely to be differences between three groups of patients (diabetes, cancer and cardiac) on depression, religious coping and quality of life. A sample of 90 patients (30 each from cancer, heart and diabetes groups, 15 men and 15 women) was taken from Sir Gangaram hospital. Their age ranged from 35 to 58 years and mean score for men was 49.00 (SD=6.81) and for women was 47.36 (SD=6.81). Quality of life scale (Flanagan, 1982), brief RECOPE and Center for Epidemiological Study Depression Scale, was used for assessment. Urdu version of scales was used. Cross sectional research design was used. e. Result analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, correlation, MANOVA and Hierarchical Regression. The result showed that depression effect religious coping and quality of life in chronic patients as when depression high the quality of life will be low. The result also showed that quality of life is the predictor of positive religious copings and depression. The multiple analyses of variance showed that there are differences between three groups of patients on depression and quality of life but not on religious coping.