Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; diet therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; drug therapy

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Cytokine-related research provides an important direction for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Cytokines, produced by different types of cells and acting on a range of targets, play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the main pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines related to atherosclerosis and their underlying mechanism. We also outline current anti-atherosclerosis treatments targeting cytokines. The research and treatment prospects of cytokines in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis are discussed briefly as well.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use* ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy* ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy*

In the background of the high incidence and high mortality of cardiovascular diseases,atherosclerosis is the main pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases and the core pathological basis for disease progression. In the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques,the rupture of unstable plaques,plaque shedding and formation of thrombosis are the most dangerous parts. In this process,the formation of plaque fibrosis is the core mechanism regulating plaque stability. Additionally,fibrosis reflects dynamic changes in the inflammatory processes and pathological changes. In view of the inflammation regulation and fibrosis regulation,this paper clarified the process of atherosclerotic plaque,explained the roles of relevant inflammatory cells and cytokines in plaque stability,and summed up drug researches related with stable plaque in recent years. In the future,improving the fibrosis will be a new idea for stabilizing plaque in atherosclerosis drug development.
Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cytokines ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy ; pathology

The effect of adventitia on the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (As) is getting more attentions. Fibroblasts, mast cells, dendritic cells, vasa vasorums, vascular-associated lymphoid tissues, and vascular peripheral nerves are related to the occurrence and development of As. This essay summarizes studies on the changes in adventitia in As process and its effect on the occurrence and development of As, as well as the latest progress.
Adventitia ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Humans

How to prevent and cure atherosclerosis (AS), reduce the occurrence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events is one of the hotspots in modern medicine researches. The understanding of AS experiences several dramatic transitions along with the deepening of researches, that is, from focusing on "vascular stenosis" to stressing "vulnerable plaque"; from taking the theory of "lipid deposit" as dominant to public acceptance of "inflammatory reaction" theory, and from "vulnerable plaque" to the new conception of "vulnerable patients". These changes bring forth the update concept and method of therapeutics, and also provide new opportunity and cut-in point for integrative Chinese and Western medicine in preventing and curing acute cardiovascular events.
Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy ; methods

Atherosclerosis ; blood ; prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; drug therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

The vulnerable plaque is the basis for atherosclerosis (AS) plaque rupture and thrombosis, thus further leading to the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events (ACEs). By analyzing the current research situation of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque, identifying that inflammation and thrombosis are key links in plaque vulnerability, and the roles of white blood cell and platelet aggregation, endothelial cell adhesion and their common connection mechanisms: PS/PSGL-1 in inflammation and the formation of thrombosis. From the viewpoints of inhibiting cell adhesion, fighting against inflammation reaction and thrombosis, the research ideas of Simiao Yongan Decoction in stabilizing atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque were explored.
Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Phytotherapy ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To analyze the status of statins use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) management in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and very high/high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) from Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry (CAFR). Methods: A total of 9 119 patients with AF were recruited in CAFR between January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, patients at very high and high risk of ASCVD were included in this study. Demographics, medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, and laboratory test results were collected. In patients with very high-risk, a threshold of 1.8 mmol/L was used as LDL-C management target and in patients with high risk, a threshold of 2.6 mmol/L was used as LDL-C management target. Statins use and LDL-C compliance rate were analyzed, multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of statins use. Results: 3 833 patients were selected (1 912 (21.0%) in very high risk of ASCVD group and 1 921 (21.1%) in high risk of ASCVD group). The proportion of patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD taking statins was 60.2% (1 151/1 912) and 38.6% (741/1 921), respectively. Attainment rate of LDL-C management target in patients with very high and high risk were 26.7% (511/1 912) and 36.4% (700/1 921), respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of statins use and attainment rate of LDL-C management target are low in AF patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD in this cohort. The comprehensive management in AF patients should be further strengthened, especially the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in AF patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD.
Humans ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Atherosclerosis ; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy*

To explore the correlation between the C807T polymorphism of platelet membrane glycoprotein I a (GP I a) gene and aspirin resistance in Chinese people, 200 patients with high-risk of atherosclerosis took aspirin (100 mg/d) for 7 days. Platelet aggregation function was detected using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) before and after the administration of aspirin. Then the subjects were divided into three groups according to the results of platelet aggregation function: an aspirin resistant (AR) group, an aspirin semi-responder (ASR) group and an aspirin-sensitive (AS) group. Platelet GP I a gene 807CT polymorphism was examined by means of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The results showed that T allelic frequency in AR group and ASR group were higher that of AS group (P<0.005), and the prevalence of genotypes (TT+TC) of these two groups was significantly higher than that in AS group (P<0.05). Platelet GP I a T allele was significantly associated with aspirin resistance as revealed by multiple logistic regression (OR=3.76, 95% CI: 2.87-9.58). The results suggest that inherited platelet GP I a variations may have an important impact on aspirin resistance and the presence of GP I a T allele may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to aspirin resistance.
Aspirin/*administration & dosage ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Integrin alpha2/*genetics ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics

An acute aortic thrombosis in the absence of atherosclerosis, aortic dissection, or aneurysm is an infrequent clinical entity and has been rarely reported in the literature. However, because of serious complications such as an embolism that can be fatal, one should always pay attention to the possibility of its occurrence. We report two cases of an acute aortic thrombosis of lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and a review of the literature.
Acute Disease ; Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Atherosclerosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Embolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Thrombosis*